Li Gotami: The Woman Who Dedicated Her Life to the Arts
Li Gotami (Ratti Petit) in her younger days
Biography
Born into a wealthy Parsi family on 22 April 1906 in Mumbai, Ratti Petit, more commonly known as Li Gotami, was a talented painter, photographer and writer. Her family owned the Bomanjee Dinshaw Petit Parsee General Hospital located in Cumbala Hill, Mumbai. She attended a school in Harrow on the Hill (an area northwest of London) in England and later studied at the Slade School of Fine Art in 1924.
Li Gotami was a passionate traveller and journeyed all over Europe before returning to India in the 1930s. She was regarded as someone very unusual during her time and was one of the very few women from traditional Indian society who took the extraordinary step of breaking away from the norms of how Indian women, or women in general, should live their lives. According to her niece, Dr. Sylla Malvi, Li Gotami “was her own person.” She also spoke of Li Gotami’s resolve,
“Unlike my obedient mother, my aunt was head-strong, and nobody could tell her what to do.
“Also, Li Gotami was part of a larger cultural movement of seekers discovering Eastern spirituality, long before the Beatles in the 1950s and the hippies in the 1960s.”
Later in India, she worked with artist Manishi Dey who introduced her to the Bengal School of Art, an influential art movement and a style of Indian painting that originated in Bengal, Shantiniketan and Kolkata. This genre would eventually have a significant influence on her life and works.
Buddha with Five Ascetics 1948, a copy of a fresco from Tsapareng (Tibet) done by Li Gotami.
In the 1930s, Li Gotami married art collector Karl Khandalavala but their marriage was brief. In 1934, she travelled to Rabindranath Tagore’s ashram in Shantiniketan to study under the artist Nandalal Bose and to learn the art of Manipuri dance. According to Dr Malvi,
“Her parents were not happy about her going away. In fact, my grandfather even sent her brother [Maneckji Petit] to check on her.”
Dr Malvi also fondly recollected a time when all the children in the neighbourhood in Juhu were playing.
“She was like a magician. And she told us to bring her any object — twigs, stones, paper — and she would make something out of it. To challenge her, I took a raw coconut that had fallen down. I knew she wouldn’t be able to make anything out of it. But she turned it around, drew two eyes and made a little mouse. She was like that; so imaginative. She could see things in the ordinary.”
Li Gotami spent a total of 12 years at Shantiniketan, where she excelled in her studies and received a number of diplomas from the various Arts and Music Schools there. Later she met Abanindranath Tagore, the nephew of Rabindranath Tagore, a significant painter of that time who also taught at the arts school. Abanindranath Tagore was very impressed by Li Gotami’s work and would later become her mentor. According to Malvi,
“She absolutely worshipped Abanindranath Tagore. It was he who told her that she would excel in religious and children’s paintings.”
During her time at Shantiniketan, Li Gotami also met Lama Anagarika Govinda for the first time. The encounter took place when she was making her way to the hostel where Lama Govinda was staying at the time. The encounter is described as follows:
“A door opened and out strolled this handsome, smiling foreigner dressed in the burgundy robes of a monk. She recalled asking herself who this “bright merry person” might be, and in retrospect (at least on her part) remembered the incident as very romantic.”
Source: Kovács, Iván. Lama Govinda’s Quest for the Truth: A Summary of His Life – Part I; The Esoteric Quarterly. 2015
Li Gotami and Lama Anagarika Govinda
She proceeded to study under Lama Govinda, a Bolivian-German Professor of Vishwa Bharati University and a prominent teacher to notable students such as Indira Nehru, who would later become the first female Prime Minister of India. Under his guidance, Li Gotami’s interest in Buddhism grew very quickly.
He also brought her to meet his teacher, Domo Geshe Rinpoche. Lama Govinda’s book, “The Way of the White Clouds”, records how Domo Geshe Rinpoche had predicted that Li Gotami would become Lama Govinda’s wife. However, Domo Geshe Rinpoche had kept that information secret until the day of their marriage.
Li Gotami married Lama Govinda in four separate ceremonies in 1947. Lama Govinda performed one of the ceremonies himself, in the role of a lama. Two other ceremonies were held in Darjeeling and Mumbai, and the fourth was held in Tse-Choling Monastery in the Chumbi Valley, presided over Tibet by Ajorepa Rinpoche.
A portrait of Ajorepa Rinpoche. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
Prior to meeting Ajorepa Rinpoche, Lama Govinda had been working very hard to obtain permits to enter Tsaparang, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Guge in the Garuda Valley, and the newly married couple were full of anticipation at the prospect of visiting the beautiful city. When they arrived at Tse-Choling Monastery, then under the leadership of Ajorepa Rinpoche, the incarnation of the 8th century Mahasiddha Dombi-Heruka, Ajorepa Rinpoche inducted both Lama Govinda and Li Gotami into the Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.
After spending some time in Tse-Choling Monastery, they continued their journey to the city of Gyantse. During their four-month stay in Gyantse, they explored various monasteries and retreat places, attended festivals and religious ceremonies, and Li Gotami took many pictures of everything that grabbed her fancy. Finally, they received the necessary permits in January 1948 and Li Gotami and Lama Govinda returned to India to prepare for their expedition to Tsaparang.
A Long Awaited Journey
Canyon landscape. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
From Kasar Devi, the couple embarked on a number of expeditions to central and western Tibet between 1947 and 1949. The two-year expedition was fully sponsored by the “Illustrated Weekly of India” in exchange for a written account of the trip. The pictures taken during this particular expedition would later be featured in their books, “The Way of the White Clouds”, “Foundations of Tibetan Mysticism” and “Tibet in Pictures”.
During the expedition, Li Gotami and Lama Govinda often had to endure harsh and dangerous living conditions in the arid landscape. They also had to put up with extreme cold weather, and their diet mostly consisted of porridge and chapatis, cooked slowly over a brushwood and yak dung fire. Temperatures were so low that they literally had to drink their tea immediately after boiling, otherwise it would freeze inside their cups! Li Gotami recalled,
“A storm then broke. The rain nearly froze us while the wind howled like hungry wolves around us. Oh, those winds! They are Tibet’s worst enemy, and if I were ever asked to picture them, I would draw a hundred thousand ice-bound daggers with the head of a howling wolf for every hilt.”
Kovács, Iván. Lama Govinda’s Quest for the Truth: A Summary of His Life – Part II; The Esoteric Quarterly. 2015
Tibetan nomad couple, western Tibet. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
As part of the expedition, Li Gotami and Lama Govinda also visited the beautiful Mount Kailash and spent a few days circumambulating the sacred mountain.
When they finally arrived in Tsaparang, Li Gotami and Lama Govinda lived in a hut in front of a cave, where a shepherd named Wangdu lived with his family. Wangdu would bring them the basic necessities – brushwood, water and milk – as there were no other families living in the area.
The couple always began their day with prayers and pujas, and then would work from morning to evening, tracing, sketching and photographing the remains of frescoes, statues, temples and other surviving artworks in the area.
A wealthy Tibetan woman in Lhasa, Gyantse. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
Their stay in Tsaparang was marked by many challenges, including difficulties caused by the local Tibetans and authorities who were suspicious of their work. Although conditions were difficult, they did not give up and remained buoyant in the face of these obstacles.
After completing their work, the couple planned to return to India but found that the Himalayan passes were closed for three months until spring time. While waiting for the passes to reopen, they lived in a rest-house run by a kind Nyingma Lama named Namgyal. Around this period, they also met the Nyingma Abbot of Phiyang Monastery, an extremely learned master who taught them the method of yoga practices and Tantric sadhana.
When the passes were finally accessible, Li Gotami and Lama Govinda returned to northern India where they stayed in a house rented from the famed writer Walter Evans-Wentz at Kasar Devi. Otherwise known as “Crank’s Ridge”, Kasar Devi was a bohemian home to various artists, writers and spiritual seekers such as John Blofeld, Earl Brewster, Alfred Sorensen and many others. Li Gotami busied herself with the practical matters of running the household and sketching, while Lama Govinda occupied himself by writing.
Dr Malvi, whose home is dotted with several of Li Gotami’s paintings, says,
“My aunt travelled extensively with him, but never really earned a reputation as an artist.”
In 1955, Li Gotami and Lama Govinda moved to a 40-acre estate in Almora, located in north-west India. They maintained an ashram there and studied painting, Buddhist philosophy and meditation. Although their living conditions were ‘difficult’ – the area was completely barren and they had no access to running water and electricity – they enjoyed themselves very much as it was exactly the kind of life they were looking for – one that was simple, peaceful and quiet.
Li Gotami’s niece Roshan Cooper says,
“It was absolutely in the wilderness. There was no electricity, no running water. And our mother would take us two youngsters to spend time with them. She would always say her happiest years were in Almora. Her happiness was in the soul.”
Dr Malvi adds,
“She would also play the piano wonderfully and we would all sing.”
Death
Lama Govinda and Li Gotami in Olcott Library, 1977. Photo by Floyd Kettering.
Towards the end of her life, Li Gotami and Lama Govinda were invited to live in the United States. Initially, they lived in California and later settled down in the San Francisco Bay Area due to health issues they were both facing at that time. She had Parkinson’s disease while Lama Govinda had suffered from several strokes.
A Zen centre that belonged to Alan Watts and Suzuki Roshi provided them with comfortable lodging in Mill Valley, California. In return for their assistance and care, Lama Govinda gave lectures in the centre. They later became permanent residents of the United States and were eligible for government health benefits.
Kobun Chino Roshi, Suzuki Roshi, Li Gotami and Lama Anagarika Govinda.
Lama Govinda suffered a sudden heart attack and passed away peacefully on 14 January 1985 while having a conversation with Li Gotami. His ashes were interred in the Nirvana Stupa in Samten Choeling Monastery in Darjeeling, India. A few months after her husband’s death, Li Gotami returned to India and lived with her family. She passed away on 18 August 1988 in Pune, Maharashtra.
Numerous pieces of Li Gotami’s art and fresco tracings from Tibet are still kept in the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya in Mumbai, which hosted an exhibition showcasing her work on 2 February 2008 titled “Tibet through the eyes of Li Gotami”. Her books including “Tibet in Pictures” and “Tibetan Fantasies: Paintings, Poems, and Music” have become some of the most sought-after today and her life-long contribution to the arts has left a strong imprint in the modern world. Her incredible life and works will not be forgotten any time soon.
“Anta had just one wish,” says Cooper. “It was her dream to donate her photographs and collection to the museum, for generations to view Tibet that once was.”
Li Gotami, Lama Govinda and Nyanaponika Thera.
More Pictures
Another painting done by Li Gotami
A picture of Li Gotami in her younger days. She was a beautiful, spiritual lady.
A picture of Lama Govinda taken by Li Gotami
An old beggar in Gyantse. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
Yamantaka statue photographed in 1949 by Li Gotami
Avalokiteshvara in the White Chapel photographed by Li Gotami in 1949 and after the Cultural Revolution
A traditional Tibetan Cham dance in Tse-Choling Monastery. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
Lama Govinda performing a puja on the shores of Lake Manasarovar. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
A bandit in Western Tibet. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
Dhyani-Buddha Vairocana in Tsang Province. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
Kumbum, a multi-storied aggregate of Buddhist chapels in Gyantse. Picture courtesy of Li Gotami.
Li Gotami and Lama Govinda’s spiritual relationship is an inspiration to the modern generation
Li Gotami, Lama Govinda and a Tibetan Lama
Li Gotami, Lama Govinda, Terry Delamare (back) and Sangharakshita in Kasar Devi Ashram.
Christmas Humphreys with Lama Anagarika Govinda and Li Gotami, outside The Buddhist Society, 1960.
Maharajji with Li Gotami and Lama Govinda
The famed writer Walter Evans-Wentz’s house at Kasar Devi, painted by Li Gotami.
Li Gotami, Lama Govinda, and Sangharakshita.
Li Gotami’s book titled Tibetan Fantasies: Paintings, Poems, and Music
Li Gotami’s book titled Tibet in Pictures
For more interesting information:
- Lama Anagarika Govinda: The Pioneer Who Introduced Tibetan Buddhism to the World
- Theos Bernard – The American Explorer of Tibet
- Walter Evans-Wentz: American Pioneer Scholar on Tibetan Buddhism
- Kazi Dawa Samdup: a Pioneering Translator of Tibetan Buddhist Texts
- Herbert Guenther – Master of Languages & Buddhism
- Professor Garma C.C. Chang – The Illustrious Pioneer
- John Blofeld and His Spiritual Journey
- George Roerich – Light of the Morning Star
- Bill Porter (Red Pine): The Translator of Chinese Poems and Promoter of Zen Buddhism
- In the Footsteps of Joseph Rock
- Danzan Ravjaa: The Controversial Mongolian Monk
- Agvan Dorjiev: The Diplomat Monk
- Ekai Kawaguchi – Three Years in Tibet
- Alexandra David-Néel
- Amongst White Clouds – Amazing!
- Nicholas Roerich & art (1874-1947)
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Thank you for sharing this story about Li Gotami. This is the first time I have heard her name, her life sounds adventurous but yet had contributed so much in the preservation and spreading of Buddhism. After reading so many stories of extraordinary people, one thing I found that is very similar is their character of being a non-conformist.
In my opinion, as a serious Dharma practitioner, one will be considered as a non-conformist. Why? Because to learn and practice Dharma is to be out of Samsara (secular concept), when we choose not to be in the mainstream, we are a non-conformist. Li Gotami came from a very wealthy and had a very comfortable life but she voluntarily chose to live very simple and embark on a spiritual journey where she had to go through a lot of physical hardship. But she never complained and she was happy with the life she has chosen.
I guess she must have been a serious Dharma practitioner in her previous lives and her imprints must be very strong. Her good karma led her to a good rebirth in a wealthy family but yet like Buddha Shakyamuni, she was not attached to the material comfort and she chose to practice the Dharma despite the hardship. We must always remember, good things do not come easy and we have to put in a lot of effort in order to have them. Don’t give up easily, learn to be determined and persistent.
Thank you, Rinpoche for sharing the incredible story of this woman Li Gotami. I am amazed at how simple she can live together with her husband Lama Govinda for so many years. Their spiritual relationship is very beautiful and they traveled together all the way to Tibet and back.
They even lived in a place with no running water and electricity which is a life of simplicity and peaceful and they enjoyed every moment of it. The spirituality of Li Gotami and Lama Govinda is strong and inspiring. They produced many good works that continued to benefit others even after they had passed away.
Li Gotami, a Spiritualist, artist and much much more. Together with Lama Govinda they bring the dharma to be accessible to Westerners and the world. She had lived a life only some could have dreamed of.
Li Gotami is an extraordinary woman with incredible talents. She documented Tibet and Buddhism at the time and space where it remained out of reach to the world at large. Her work left us with valuable books, art and photographs. It was the same period of time when acclaimed contributors to Tibetan Buddhism, like Lama Anagarika, Walter Evans-Went, John Blofeld actively unveiled Tibet from a religion and cultural perspective. Thank you for this informative sharing.
Li Gotami was an extraordinary person compare to the traditional Indian society because she was breaking the norms of how Indian women should live their lives. Her passionate on arts was not random. It was a calling that lead her into her spiritual life. She was married to Lama Anagarika Govinda when she was in Shantiniketan. It was from her husband, Li Gotami became more and more interested in Tibetan Buddhism and she was brought to meet with Domo Geshe Rinpoche, root Guru to her husband. Domo Geshe Rinpoche had predicted Lama Govinda will have Li Gotami as his wife. Domo Gehse Rinpoche only revealed this after their marriage.
I personally think that we are spiritual being that exist in human form. Sometimes we simply desire to connect with a soul who feels like home. I believe Li Gotami found her soul mate where both of them endure a lot pursuing their passions. Thank’s to their hard effort to record, .sketch, writes and photographs so that we still can look at the historical moment back at those days. They were truly inspiration to people who seek spiritual growth.
I love this article, the pictures of her with her partner Lama Govinda are so fab, and so is her photography <3 I am so going to start looking out for Li Gotami's books! Thank you Rinpoche for another heart-warming inspiring story!
Li Gotami’s works are like a walk down history. Her wish for her photographs and collection to be kept in a museum for later generations is most beneficial as times and places have changed beyond recognition.
What piqued me is that these great personages that were born and moved about India and Tibet around the same time and helped each other along the way in one way or another. Their lives interwove and made the knowledge of the later generations that much richer and interests that much greater.
Though the way was tough at many points, they persevered and became all the more inspirational to later generations. Thanks to them, the world knows so much more about Tibet and India and the philosophies therein.
It is interesting to read such stories of inspiring woman and what they did in their lives and the path they choose. One thing that is common in all of them is that they all were headstrong and did not like to follow the norm but instead, they follow their heart and what speaks to her spirit.
It seems like her marriage with Lama Govinda opened up her mind even further and gave her the opportunity to explore places such as Tibet and learn more about Buddhism. Her support towards Lama Govinda and his work was helpful. It was nice to read these intimate aspects and life of extraordinary people, making it more relatable and achievable for us as well.
Li Gotami inspires by her single-minded pursuit of spirituality. Even her love of art and her engagement in art were all expressions of her spirituality. She and Lama Govinda were both so ideally suited to each other as they both shared the same devotion to spirituality and to Buddhism. They will remain a source of inspiration to even modern people.
Li Gotami, who grew up in the 1920s was so much ahead of her times. She broke the bounds of convention and the norm of how a lady should traditionally behave or live her life, and her pursuit of art and spirituality was evidence of this. She lived to be remembered as a very imaginative, creative and talented painter, photographer and writer and above all a being who showed that real happiness lies in the soul.
Together with Lama Govinda, she went on several expeditions into Tibet during which they both lived under the harshest of living conditions. She would spend her days(after early morning prayers and pujas)in tracing, sketching, photography of ancient remains of frescoes, statues, temples and other artifacts. Afterwards,back in India, while they were maintaining an ashram, living without even basic facilities, she felt they were the happiest years of her life.Such was this lady’s deep spirituality that external conditions never affected her, even though she had been born into the lap of wealth and luxury.
She left behind a rich legacy of writing,photography and art, even though she did not have the luxury of pursuing any of them as a career. Her dream was to have her photographs and art pieces on Tibet displayed in a museum “for generations to view the Tibet that once was”.
Thank you Rinpoche for this beautiful blogpost on a soul of such rare beauty as Li Gotami, who gave more than she received and who gave spirituality and Buddhism such an artistic expression.
Li Gotam was truly an inspiring lady of all times. She was indeed multitalented in all fields been an Indian Parsi painter, photographer, writer and composer. She was even skilled in ballet and stagecraft. She gained fame with her conversion to Mahayana Buddhism . She has travelled extensively across Europe .In her later years she did embarked on several expeditions to central and western Tibet ,endured with harsh conditions in the deserted city taking shelter in a crude stone hut with rough interiors and sooty walls. Amazing during these expeditions, . Li Gotami and Govinda made a large number of paintings, drawings and photographs. From 1955, both of them stay in religious exertion which was located in the wilderness and had no access to electricity or running water. From India, they undertook several lecture journeys, which took them around the world.
After her passing many of her artistic works and fresco tracings from Tibet are held in the museum at Mumbai. She has spent her entire life contributing to the arts, paintings which has left a strong imprint in the modern world.
Thank you Rinpoche for sharing these interesting and inspiring article.
I love this amazing story of Li Gotami as a very broad minded, creative, strong character and spiritual woman. And I truly admire her spiritual relationship with Lama Govinda who later became her husband. I feel both of them are so blessed to have met each other as it is a very special kind of relationship which is a very rare find. To have a spiritual partner is very important as we can share and support each other in our spiritual growth. It is a very wonderful relationship to have. Thank you very much Rinpoche and blog team to share this beautiful and inspiring story of Li Gotami and Lama Govinda 🙏
I always feel a tinge of envy reading the biographies of all these female Buddhist adventurers who would tread the difficult and forbidden path in search of their buddhist knowledge and advancement of their spiritual path.
The spiritual journey of Li Gotami was not glamorous but definitely an exuberant experience.
It is the experience of Li Gotami that inspires us as to how much she endured to leave us such a legacy of knowledge in written and pictorial forms on Tibetan Buddhism.
Always exciting to read about the lives of great Buddhists like Li Gotami.