The Illusory Play
 	  
The True Story Of An Ordinary Person
Who Was Identified As The Incarnation
Of The Ganden Tripa1 Trichen Jangchub Chöpel

The Autobiography of Kyabje Trijang Dorje Chang

 	Three secrets of all Conquerors in the space of vajra essence, 
        Shining like the sun and moon, my Protector, that kind Lord, 
        Who is endowed with the two sets of ten qualities,2 
 	May the dust from your feet rest on my crown until the attainment of full enlightenment! 
 	
 	Long in samsara, bound in chains 
 	Of innumerable strands of karma and delusion, 
 	The varied pictures that arise, clothed in every variety 
 	Of anything but happiness are quite frightening! 
 	
 	Yet, like a flash of lightning in the black of night, 
 	This momentary glimpse of Dharma’s stainless path 
 	Received through the kindness of the holy beings, 
 	Has transformed samsaric rebirth into something meaningful! 
 	
 	Still, the demons of clinging to permanence and true existence 
        Fill the heart, making the mind wander constantly. 
 	Distracted to the monkey drama of this life’s concerns, 
 	I’ll tell this story, ultimate aims carried off by the wind! 
 	
 	I am the ordinary person named Lozang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, who is supposed to be the tulku incarnation of the sixty-ninth throne holder of the Gelugpa, Yongtzin Trichen Jangchub Chöpel, and his incarnation, the eighty-fifth Ganden Tripa, Trichen Lozang Tsültrim Päldän. Yet since my own mind is not hidden from myself, I know that I have nowhere near the realizations to qualify as the incarnation of those holy beings! Still, because of strong previous karma, my fate has been to bear the title of their incarnations. As Je Gungtangpa has said, 
        
        If a Tulku comes for the sake of living beings and the teachings, 
 	Their teaching and practice should leave some trace! 
 	
 	When you see the life stories of previous great beings it blows your mind! If you listen to their stories, it causes faith to grow. It has the power to plant imprints for liberation in the minds of trainees. But in the case of someone like me, a mass of confusion and inflicted by the three poisons, one who recognizes nothing but the three occasions3, such benefits are as nonexistent as the fur on a turtle! Although I lack such qualities, since I am supposed to bear the name of a Lama, by studying, contemplating, and practicing so that my life would not be wasted, at least, there will have been some small trace of an impact that I could say I had, in terms of upholding and spreading the teachings. Left unexamined, that might seem to be the case, but if I check closely, my impact 

1 Contrary to popular belief, the Ganden Tripa (and not the Dalai Lama) is the spiritual throne holder of the Gelugpa lineage. This rank is meritocratic – that is, a Ganden Tripa is elected, and they do not reincarnate into their position. 
2 The two sets of ten qualifications of a Guru mentioned in the Fifty Verses of Guru Devotion, one for Sutra, one for Tantra, 
3 Eating, sleeping and defecating 
 	
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cannot stand up to scrutiny. With a nature like the colors of a rainbow, there is nothing to be singled out! Therefore, for me to write about the troubles of this life will be but an imitation of previous great masters, like a bat pretending to be an eagle! It could be somewhat embarrassing to the wise! 
 	
 	Nevertheless, in 1964, in Tibet, in the year of the wood dragon, that leader of humans and gods, the Supreme Protector of Refuge Lord of Conquerors Kyabje Pabongka Dechen Nyingpo4 
told me that I must write my life-story. I received this injunction respectfully on the crown of my head. After that, a number of faithful disciples such as Sera Jey Trehor   Geshe Tamdrin Rabtän also strongly urged me to write it. Kazur Kungo Neshar Thubtän Tharpa also urged its composition with offerings of an image of Buddha and a khatak 5. In a letter from the nearby Jarmän region, Dragyab Hotogtu Rinpoche urged me to write it. In addition my long-time neighbor, Päldän, carefully kept a complete record of my situation, early, middle and late, through events that he saw for himself and comments that he overheard. The process of corroborating events with his records seemed to go on forever. 

 	A previous aristocrat of Kyishöd and Tagtse, Zhabdrung Dorje Namgyäl, ministers, Kalön Gazhiwa Doring Tänzin Päljor, Kalön Dokar Zhabdrung Tsering Wangyäl, and other officials and important figures have written books about their own stories so, by my estimation, there doesn’t seem to be any major reason not to give a straightforward account of my own situation. 

 	Produced by ignorance and white and black karma, happiness and suffering arise in turn throughout the four seasons, and though I have spent my whole life in the guise of a Dharma practitioner, I have wasted the freedom and opportunity of a precious human life. From qualified Spiritual Masters who were like actual Buddhas, I have received the vast and profound teachings of Sutra and Tantra and, not leaving them as something merely heard about, I have practiced incorporating them into my own being; yet there is not the slightest point about which I can say with confidence that I understand it completely. As the supreme conqueror Kelzang Gyatso, the seventh Dalai Lama, said, 
 	
 	Lacking realized qualities from mixing Dharma with the mind, 
       Yet pretending to help others by showing them the path to liberation, 
       Simply exhausts oneself and others 
          It is sad, the way we enslave ourselves! 
 	
 	Accordingly, like a tape recorder or a parrot repeating MANI mantras, my story will be of but slight benefit to beings. In short, as the Tibetan master Mipham Geleg said, 

        Although we may feel we have a whole forest of peace in our hearts, 
        If we rely upon a crooked walking-stick of impure ethical discipline, 
 	We are deceiving ourselves as well as others: 
 	 Give the results of such unkind deeds to me! 
 	
 	I will not pollute the story with the eight worldly dharmas6 or perpetuate the cycle of virtuous, non-virtuous and mixed karma just to amuse myself and deceive others by pretending certain things didn’t happen or that I did things which I did not. Rather, I shall tell the story of my wandering, naked and empty handed, without Dharma, in plain prose, just the bare facts without elaboration. 
 	
4 Trijang Rinpoche’s root guru was His Holiness Kyabje Pabongkha Dechen Nyingpo. Upon receiving 24 days of teachings on the Lamrim, based on Pabongkha Rinpoche’s explanations and commentaries, Trijang Rinpoche authored Liberation in the Palm of Your Hand 
5 A white ceremonial silk scarf offered by Tibetans as a form of greeting and respect to our Gurus, elders or persons in authority 
6 These are distractions that hinder or taint our spiritual practice: wanting material gain, avoiding material loss; wanting praise, avoiding blame; wanting to be accepted, avoiding rejection; wanting to be comfortable, avoiding discomfort. 
 	
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 	The land of my birth, Tibet, is a land that is under the subduing guidance of the Supreme Arya Avalokiteswara7, Holder of the Lotus. I was born in one of its three regions, the central Dharma land of Ü Tsang, in the central of its four districts, called Kyishö Tsäl, Gungtang. A Lama named Shang Yudragpa, Protector of Beings, a path-blazer of the Kagyu teachings, was born there and the monastery that he founded there became a huge training center. Before Protector Manjusri Tsongkhapa8 founded the monastic universities of the Gelug, Shang Yudragpa’s training center was one of the six great Dharma communities of central Tibet. Called Tsäl Gungtang, it was referred to in the phrase, ‘ Sang De Gung Sum, Ga Kyor Zul Sum. ’ 
 	
 	At the time when the Tsälpa throne-holder’s9 authority had reached its greatest extent, Tsäl included the central region and two colleges known as ‘branch monasteries.’ Tsäl Gungtang had three colleges: Chötri, Zimkang Shar, and Chökor Ling. Thus, spiritually and politically, it was a monastery of quite some importance. Later, however, the Tsälpa Tripön’s authority declined. During the year of the fire hare in the ninth sixty-year cycle, 1507 by the western calendar, Gungtang went up in flames. Lost were some very blessed and deeply symbolic objects, the entire central temple, the great Buddha statue, the image of Zhang Rinpoche, the ‘ Tashi Ö Bar’ relics, the statue of Four-armed Mahakala, and more. With just the two smaller colleges of Chötri and Zimkang Shar, the monastery declined greatly in spiritual and temporal authority. During the time of the great Fifth Dalai Lama, Zurchen Chöying Rangdröl held the throne. 
 	
 	After that, when the fiftieth Ganden Tripa, the Renunciate of Amdo, Gedün Püntsog, plated the silver reliquary stupa of Je Tsongkhapa with gold, King Lhazang awarded him with authority over the Gungtang Temple and its images, the two branch colleges, the offerings, and the entire land, houses, people and wealth. Because of this he became known as ‘Trichen Gungtangpa.’ In his successive incarnations such as Lord Tänpay Drönmay, he was still referred to as Gungtang Tsang, and his name became fully renowned. When some of Trichen Gungtangpa’s successive incarnations however, began to reside primarily at Amdo Tashikyil Labrang, he could not administer Gungtang Temple due to the extended distance, and the government took it back. 
 	
 	Later, when the Seventh Dalai Lama Kelsang Gyatso was young, Gungtang pa’s incarnation was the Dalai Lama’s uncle, Ngagrampa Samten Gyatso, who served as both his loving personal attendant and reading master. 

 	In another lifetime, as the learned Mongolian Darhen abbot Gelong Kelsang of ‘Tsa’ 
ancestry, he was so revered as to be awarded the Gungtang Temple and all of its sacred objects in perpetuity. 

 	Tsering Döndrup, was indisputably a member of the great Seventh Dalai Lama’s uncle’s family line, and part of Gungtang Labrang. The members of this labrang were deeply learned and skilled in figures and very stable in secular dealings, and all in the Tsäl Gungtang Temple region held Tsering Döndrup in high regard. They went to him as a wise man for answers to their questions. 

 	Through Tsering Döndrup, five sons, including Serje Prati Kamlung Tritrul, and two daughters were born into the Langpa household. After their mother died, with a servant woman, he had a son who was identified as the Ganden Pukang Kyenrab Tulku. When the youngest of the previously mentioned five sons reached about twenty years of age, he married my mother, Tsering Drölma, from the ‘Nang Gong’ family of Gungtang. However, this son later drowned crossing the Kyichu river on the way to Lhasa.
 
 	Not abandoning his daughter-in-law, Tsering Döndrup married her. This union saw the birth of their three children, including my younger sister known as Jampäl Chötso, and my brother who was said to be the incarnation of Lelung Tulku. I was their eldest child. 
 	
7 The Dalai Lama, the temporal and spiritual leader of Tibet, is an emanation of Avalokiteswara (Tibetan: Chenrezig) 
8 As well as having seen visions of Manjusri, Tsongkhapa is considered to be one with Manjusri, sharing the same mindstream 
9 The head of Tsäl Gungtang Monastery 
 	
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 	At the time I was born, my father Tsering Döndrup was fifty-nine, and my mother Tsering Drölma was twenty-seven. Through the force of previously accumulated good karma, I was born in the morning of a Tuesday in 1901. I emerged from my mother’s womb just as the sun broke the horizon in the east. 

 	Gungtang Labrang administrated Gungtang Temple and the two Dharma colleges, so some important people were in attendance during my birth. Amongst them had to be an ordained official representative of the government. Therefore, earlier there had been a feast with people such as the prior lord chamberlain, Jampa Tängyä, present. After that, I myself remember one liaison who was quite famous named Kändrung Gungtangpa Tenzin Wangpo. 

 	My older sister, Kelsang Drölma, went as a bride to Ger Kemepa’s son named Rinchen Wangyäl. After the lay government representative was told, he said that the welfare of Keme and Gungtang Labrang should be joined and named it Kegung. Because my two lay and ordained liaisons of the government had to return to their permanent posts in Lhasa, when I was about three or four, some land in Lhasa was assessed and a new house was built for me which came to be called Kunzang Tse. 

 	It was when I was about three that Kändrung Tenzin Wangpo and my parents accepted responsibility, and extensive renovation was done on the upper, middle and lower floors of the Gungtang Temple. Renovation was also done on the Dalai Lama’s super upper-story bedroom and the outer courtyard and other buildings. 

 	During this time, the high lama of Sakya Puntsog Podrang named Tzamling Chegu Wangdü was invited to Gungtang to give long life initiation10 and to pacify hindrances. He gave long-life pills in a silver spoon. When he performed the pacification ritual, fire was lit in a cauldron and people had to carry it back and forth. He placed a tsa-tsa11 on my head and poured bhumpa12 water over it, giving me a bath. An elder Sakya lady took me in her lap and made a show of fawning over me; I still remember these things. 

 	I was thirty-seven when I went on pilgrimage to the Tsang region. In an inner sanctum of the Sakya Puntsog Podrang, they had presented a bone relic of the high lama who had given the long-life initiation. During his cremation, the spine itself had quite amazingly transformed into the shape of a lotus over a hand span in diameter. 

 	My previous incarnation13, Lozang Tsultrim Päldän took rebirth in Wöntön Kyergangpa’s family line in 1839, in Tölung Ragkor. In 1896, year of the fire monkey, he ascended to the golden throne as Ganden Tripa and in 1900, year of the iron rat, during his tenure as Ganden Tripa, when the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama traveled to Chökor Gyäl, it was decided that he would take the upper road to Ganden. In accordance with tradition, the Ganden Tripa left earlier to escort the Dalai Lama on his way from Lhasa. Following the tradition he came with a small entourage and the yellow parasol. When the Ganden Tripa arrived near Ganden he went to the willow tree grove at Gungtang Labrang and said that he would rest there for a while. As a small entourage was present he was asked if it would be alright if they went to their own place near the village. He replied, ‘What’s wrong with staying here for a little while?’ and put off his departure for some time. He said, ‘When I go to and from Ganden, if we had an acquaintance in this area, it would be a good place to take a break on the journey, wouldn’t it?’
 
 	Then, after having finished the ceremonies at Ganden, and after having gone to Chökor Gyäl, the Ganden Tripa became ill. He walked the Ganden Ling circumambulation route daily bringing a small throne, serkyem, water offerings and so forth. When he had to be invited in 1901 he came along the route and, at the throne room sat on the throne with a few close entourage. With 

10 To receive an initiation is to receive the full transmission, teachings and empowerment to practice the higher teachings. 
 11 In a nod to the nomadic traditions of many Tibetans, tsa-tsas are a small portable image of a deity commonly made from baked clay. As one of the five preliminary practices, Tibetans would make 100,000 of these flat-backed images 
12 Bhumpa refers to the long life vase commonly used in Tibetan Buddhist rituals 
13 Kyabje Trijang Dorjechang says simply ‘the previous master’ but the meaning is the previous master of whom he is the recognized incarnation so I have translated it this way for clarity. 
 	
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his attendants present, Lozang Tsultrim Päldän conversed with his Changtzö14 Ngarampa Gyütö Lozang Tendar. He spoke a great deal saying things like, ‘this person (Ngarampa) will search for me.’ Finally, he looked off into the western sky. ‘Ha Ha,’ he laughed, and saying, ‘Ganden, Ganden,’ he suddenly passed away right at that very place.
 
 	At that time, Samling Monastery Geshe Nyitso Trinle took responsibility and brought the holy body to the head lama’s quarters for the final clear light meditation. After venerating the holy body for one week it was cremated behind Ganden Gogri mountain. The mentse (peak benefit) parasol on top of the crematorium was carried off by the smoke and wind and sailed high into the sky. The parasol and smoke both finally soared away to the west.
 
 	When the crematorium was opened a week later, the heart, tongue, and eyes had not been burned and were still there. Although the Chatreng people brought them to the local monastery intending to offer them inside a reliquary stupa being built, fighting occurred between the Chatreng people and the Chinese. At the beginning, the Chatreng people offered a bath to the heart, tongue and eye relics. However, they found that by drinking the bath and remembering the organs, harm from weapons could be averted. Since they were needed for that purpose, foods and so forth were prepared with the water. Because of this, later on, my Changtzö, Ngarampa, even criticized the Chatreng people saying ‘They are my lama’s heart eaters!’ 

 	Then the holy Changtzö Ngarampa and his helper, Chizur Legshä Gyatso, went to where the deceased high lama’s body had been taken and performed the ‘clouds of offering’ services to honor his passing. Tugen Kangshe, who was in charge of beginning the search for the reincarnation, requested the composition of a prayer for the Great Lord of Refuge’s swift return. Changtzö Ngarampa immediately composed it as he was sitting before ‘Yabshi Lang’, the house where the previous Lama had been born. 

 	Then, just before the time when I was born, a peach tree in the Gungtang Labrang Trokang’s willow grove bloomed with flowers during the winter. It bore thirty peaches, like crops of ancient times that were harvested without work of plowing. After I was born, from the time before I could walk, I showed great reverence for statues and representations of enlightened body, speech and mind. I showed a liking for offering implements, such as vajra, bell, drums and cymbals and I liked monks’ things. I wanted to join the ranks of the assembly of monks and liked to imitate their recitations. 

 	As such conduct revealed good imprints from previous lives, the venerable Ganden Lhopa Geshe who came often to perform services at Gungtang Labrang said, ‘There is an amazing child at Gungtang Labrang who should be included as a candidate when you identify the tulku you are seeking!’ He said that it would be good to examine him closely. 

 	When Ngarampa and the Chatreng Geshe named Sadül Gedün Dragpa15 first arrived in Gungtang to examine the child, my nanny happened to be carrying me on her back outside the gates. As we met them I called out loudly, ‘Gedün Dragpa!’ 
 	
 	 Changtzö  Ngarampa asked whether there was anyone named Gedün Dragpa in that area of lower Gungtang Labrang. My nanny said, ‘No, none at all!’ 

 	They were amazed but, in addition to that, after they had come inside I went into Gedün Dragpa’s lap, stuck out my feet and commanded, ‘Wash!’ When the previous incarnation was sick, Gedün Dragpa had been the one who bathed his feet with cooling radish juice. This brought back his memories of when the previous incarnation had been alive and, with tears falling from his eyes, he washed the soles of my feet, licking them with his tongue! I still remember it now. Apart from these auspicious indications, however, I have no memories of my prior life at all.
 
 	The keeper of the Labrang’s livestock named Tashi Döndrup, and parents of Lhau and Päldän (who were two of the closest senior attendants of the lama’s previous incarnation) were on their way to Lhasa when they heard that there was a tulku in Tsäl Gungtang. Because they had great faith and affection for the previous incarnation of the master, they came to examine me closely and to introduce themselves. They were joining a line of people coming to see me in the 

14 A lama’s chief attendant, who cares for all secular matters of the lama. 
15 Sadül Gedün Dragpa had previously held the parasol for the Ganden Tripa. 
 	
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small bedroom with many windows at Gungtang Labrang when I ran up to them and gave a silver coin to the herder. The herder didn’t think he should accept it so he started to give it back when my father said, ‘The boy gave it to you so you can keep it.’ I remember him saying that.
 
 	The first divination offered regarding the reincarnation of the Great Thirteenth Ganden Tripa said ‘In the second month of the water tiger year (1902), look in the southern Lhasa lineage.’ 
 	At that time my mother happened to have gone to Lhasa to engage in practices such as prostration and circumambulation, and my uncle, Aku Trinle, who was managing a house of the southern lineage of the Lhasa temple, had lent her a room. A divination performed by Yongzin Phurchog Jampa Rinpoche indicated that the supreme emanation would be found not far to the west of Ganden Monastery. The first transmission from the Gadong Dharmapala oracle said, ‘Look in the vicinity of the eastern side of the temple for a boy born in the iron ox year (1901) to a mother with a last name of Drölma.’ 

 	Kyabje Ling Rinpoche’s previous incarnation’s divination said, ‘Out of five emanations of body, speech, mind, qualities, and activities, the mind emanation will be found in a place not far to the south of Lhasa.’ When he performed a second divination with a list of some names of the probable candidates the result was, ‘If the boy born to Tsering Drölma of Gungtang in the year of the iron ox is recognized as the reincarnation of the great throne holder, that would be excellent.’ The second transmission of the Gadong Oracle said, ‘You may recognize the child born to Tsering Drölma in the year of the iron ox as the holy reincarnation.’ When Nechung Oracle was asked for prophecy with a list of names and it came out as the same name on the list: the son of Tsering Drölma born in the year of the iron ox.
 
 	When Changtzö Ngarampa and the others gave me their initial recognition examination, they presented to me the Buddha statue that the previous Ganden Tripa had always kept in his possession, his mala, and his bowl, along with similar objects of the same size and type. The first object I picked up was the correct Buddha statue. They considered this to be auspicious that I had assented to acting as a bearer of the teachings. I also picked up the correct bowl. When it came to the mala I first picked up one of the similar malas but then put it down and picked up the correct one. The other one had been a mala that the master had not given away but had also kept so they developed a strong conviction that I was the correct incarnation. 
 	
 	In the meantime, in the upper wing of Chatreng, the Chagong Beda Troti family also had a boy who showed good signs and they harbored a desire for their son to be recognized as the reincarnation of the great throne-holder. Also, in the Tsäl Gungtang area, false rumors were flying that the Changtzö  Tzongzur Legshä Gyatso had a son who would be recognized as the tulku. 

 	Finally letters were sent to Lhasa from Chatreng Monastery to Changtzö  Ngarampa Dampa and Tzongzur Legshä Gyatso claiming that ‘the reincarnation of our Lama is in Chatreng itself, so you may not have authority in Gungtang and may not recognize the beggar child in Gungtang.’ Then responses would come from Trijang Labrang saying ‘we are taking care of Chatreng Monastery, lands and property, and the two of you may not take control!’ 
 	
 	At Ganden and Sera, representatives of Chatreng also took differing positions. Some were indifferent, saying that it would be best to have the unmistaken incarnation recognized regardless of which region he came from. However, most said that the boy in Chatreng should be recognized. 
 	
 	Because such different sentiments were still being expressed, at the time of the Great Prayer Festival16, a meeting was held at the Lhasa Labrang by the abbot, monk officials of Ganden Shartse Tratsang, and representatives of Dokang Kangtsän and Samling Monastery. It went on for days.
 
 	Finally, the official decree came – based upon the prophecies, divinations and intentions of the Gurus and Deities, it was agreed that I should be recognized. I have the earlier and later letters sent to my address from Chatreng, drafts of the letters sent from there, official prophecies and divinations given by the Gurus and Deities of central Tibet, record of the extensive pujas done for the sake of finding the definitive tulku, and the story of the previous throne-holder’s passing and 

16 Also known as Monlam 
 	
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my recognition and care up to entering the monastery, all kept together with the documents in my room. Later on, they were kept at the retreat room in Chuzang. 
 	
 	As a result of the decision in Lhasa it was ordered that I be recognized as the tulku and take the seat of the previous incarnation of the master. Apart from a few in Chatreng who remained uncommitted, most regarded me as the holy reincarnation. 
 	
 	Although protests were heard, late in 1905, the very large army of the Chinese general Drao Erpung, also known as Drao Tarin, attacked many regional monasteries such as Litang and Ba Chöde. Chatreng Monastery, in particular, after being under attack for a long time, was finally lost in 1906. Many ordained and lay people lost their lives. The surviving monks and people of the region escaped into the forest, hiding and continuing to strike back at the Chinese. It was not until much later in 1918, that they finally managed to begin assembling in the ruins of the central meeting hall.
 
 	In the meantime, as there was no peace in the region for thirteen years, false claims of other parties automatically went dormant for a long period of time. Thus, by 1918, when I received the Geshe Lharampa17 title, a large part of the general population had developed faith in me. Later on, however, when it was 1928 and I was twenty-eight, a certain party from Beda region resurrected the old false claims. I would elaborate on this but suffice to say, this extreme of karma could not be altered even if Vishnu himself were to emanate with his thousand arms! 

 	In 1904, when I was four years of age, I was first brought from my birthplace to Trijang Labrang in Lhasa. That day a large party of ordained and lay officials had gathered on the bank of the Kyichu River where the Ganden Tripa traditionally performed a consecration blessing at the conclusion of the Great Prayer Festival. They were just starting back when our party happened to meet them. It happened without prior planning, spontaneously, as if they had come to escort the Ganden Tripa, and people talked about how auspicious it was.
 
 	As we approached the Labrang, there was a girl carrying a load of wheat on her back. 
Because of the large party approaching on horseback, she lost her concentration. The strap of her load slipped out of her hand and the wheat fell to the ground. The spill practically blocked the entire entrance of the Labrang. All of the people escorting me thought it was very auspicious and tossed handfuls of grain into the air, like an initial offering from the Labrang to the lord of the teachings and beings. 
 	
 	When we reached my room there was a large number of people lined up and a door-opening inauguration ceremony was held. For some reason of auspiciousness my throne was set to face north so that the welcoming lama officials of Ganden Monastery were sitting on the northern side, facing south. There was someone named Togpa Kädrup who had differences of opinion from the general Ganden Shartse assembly. He had joined in league with a Chatreng bodyguard named Kamtrug who had lost samaya with the previous Ganden Tripa. I looked Togpa Kädrup in the face and pointed my finger at him, actually touching his cheek in a manner that showed he should be ashamed of himself. Those present were astonished and said that his face changed color and that he showed a guilty expression. 
 	
 	Some days later Ngaram Dampa, Tzongzur Legshä Gyatso and others came for my first arrival at the Chuzang Retreat. Like a golden garland, wearing their chögö and namjar robes and retreat pandit hats, there were many highly experienced bikshus present to escort and greet me, such as the majestic white-haired elder lama named Dromtö Geshe Rinpoche who had given as well as received teachings from the supreme Kyabje Pabongkapa Dorje Chang. In the full assembly, my throne faced east. On a throne behind me was placed tea and rice. The monks performed an auspicious ceremony for my long life with blessing consecrations, prostrations, and offerings. Among the offerings were implements of the sixteen arhats including a brocade with a mongoose design that was quite beautiful. Even now I remember how I held on to it for a moment before handing it on. 
 	
17 Equivalent to a doctorate in an Occidental institute of higher learning. A Geshe Lharampa degree can take up to 20 years to achieve 
 	
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 	Ten days later, Lord Changtzö   Ngaram Dampa, said that it would be auspicious that I would spread the teachings in Tibet. Saying that it would be like the lotsawas of the past with scriptures written on palm leaves, he gave me a specially made small chalkboard. On it, he had written the thirty letters of the Tibetan alphabet in uchen  script .  At the end he added a few additional words including the following: 
 	  
 	 Mi yi mig gi ri yi trin di rig 
 	Human eyes know this mountain of clouds 
 	
 	 Tsun chung chung chung bum chung bum chung kur 
 	The small young monk carries a few hundred thousand little vases. 
 	  
 	 Bande re re se dre re re kyer 
 	Each monk carries a bushel load. 
 	
 	On the basis of that mnemonic device, and with the thirty letters that serve as a template for the writing of all of the scriptures, he began to teach me to read. I learned to recognize all of the letters that same day which pleased Dampa. Afterwards he proudly told others that I had learned the alphabet in a single day. 

 	Then he continued to teach me writing on the basis of the Eight Thousand Verse Prajnaparamita Sutra  and the  Son Kadampa Scripture. He would also teach me reading via long sessions of practicing reading a handwritten Lamrim  text18 by one of Panchen Chögyän’s direct disciples that made use of extremely many abbreviations. Through his kindness of putting me through such difficult practice, it became easy for me to recite an entire volume of scripture every day, no matter how elegant or complex the language. 

 	When I was staying at the Chuzang Retreat, I said ‘Tzong Kusho is coming!’ just before before Changtzö   Tzongzur Legshä Gyatso arrived from Lhasa without prior notice. Then one midmorning I said, ‘Lhundrub has died!’ Later we found out that an ex-monk named Lhundrub who supervised the lands at Mäldro Jara Do had died at that time. Ngaram Dampa was especially astonished and made a note of it. I was supposed to have said such things when I was a child but as for everything that came out of my mouth being a prophecy, it must be like the metaphor of the pig’s head that made predictions. How could I, who cannot even guess what food the evening’s excrement came from, know things that are hidden in the future? 

 	When I was five my father Tsering Dondrup received novice and full ordination vows from Jangtse Chöje Kyenrab Yöntän Gyatso Pälzangpo19 and he retired. His ordination name was Kyenrab Chöpel. He provided for my mother, Tsering Drölma, and my two siblings, younger sister, Jampäl Tsötso, and youngest brother, leaving them with such things as funds for living expenses and some arable land named Gungtang Chökor Ling next to my uncle Chötri Gelong Gyatso’s residence. 

 	When I was six, Tänling Demo Rinpoche came to Dechang Lokä-la’s residence at Chuzang Retreat. One day we invited him to my room. The moment Demo and myself first met, it was as peers sitting together on the same couch and, without any reason, we both wept for some time. Our managers, Changtzö   Ngarampa and Tänling Dechang Lokä both felt that there was an extremely deep connection between Tängyäling Labrang and our Labrang from the time of the previous Ganden Tripa Trichen Jangchub Chöpel. Yet my predecessor had criticized those who had made the previous Demo Rinpoche king of Tibet and as a result, they had been imprisoned and died there. It was probably because of the memory of this painful situation from our previous lives that we wept, but nothing like that occurred to me at the time. 
 	
18 Lamrim Chenmo – the Graded Stages of the Path to Enlightenment. A complete text authored by Lama Tsongkhapa which presents a whole graded path that can lead the practitioner fully to enlightenment. 
19 He became Ganden Tripa after this. 
 	
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 	Through the force of previously accumulated merit and the power of prayers made along with it, like a boulder of gold rolling right up to my door step, in 1905, the supremely excellent and glorious Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa20 came to Chuzang Retreat. He stayed in our Dharma courtyard living room and continued to stay here for seven years, up to the end of 1912. At that time Lama Dorjechang21 was twenty-nine and had just excused himself from Gyütö Tantric College22. Serving him as attendants, after his elder brother who went by the title Sölpön-la, were only two other attendants. The elder was called Changtzö   Ngawang Gyatso and an attendant offered by the Tashi house in Shöl was named Lozang. Gyälrong Geshe Tsangyang from Sera, an expert cook, would come to cook at times. He would stay for one or two days and would send cooks. Gungtrul Rinpoche Kyenrab Päldän Tänpay Nyima and Pänpo Gangkya Rinpoche, a lama from Kham named Minyag Rikü Rinpoche, and lamas from Chuzang such as Dromtö Geshe Rinpoche would occasionally gather and share teachings. They would also sometimes give teachings to twenty to thirty monks from the monasteries such as Sera. In the meantime Lama Dorjechang often did retreats and performed fire pujas when the retreats were concluded. The precious Guru himself personally made the lines for the hearth, arranged the offering substances, stirred and made the four water offerings and so forth. I was very young and, along with watching, I would scramble to help the Sölpön offer up and take back the offerings. 

 	At that time the precious Guru had no possessions other than a great number of scriptures and he appeared to be nothing other than an ordinary monk. After I had finished my studies of scriptures in the morning, I had time off until lunch so I would go and play in the courtyard. 

 	Occasionally I would find myself in front of Kyabchog Dorjechang and, with a child’s awareness, not showing respect or veneration, I danced before him the Lamp of Gungtang  dance and the Flower Offering  dance and would sometimes take a nap in his lap. He was very skilled at drawing and had me draw various pictures on paper. He also had a throne equal to his own made for me to sit on at mealtimes. Even though I was such a nuisance to him, Lama Rinpoche’s nature was extremely calm and he never showed the slightest irritation as he took care of me cheerfully and affectionately. Now, as I think about it, I was receiving many vast and profound instructions from the incomparably kind Father Guru. 

 	Although I could not practice with the Guru’s level of understanding, I practiced like a firefly imitating the sun. Like the metaphor of ‘in the language of the father’, I did quite a lot of recitation copying the Guru’s speech, like his reflection teaching and spreading the Dharma of Sutra and Tantra. It was principally Lamrim ,  the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment.
 
 	When I think about the opportunity I had, to be with and serve Lama Dorjechang to the best of my ability, materially and spiritually from the time I was first recognized as a tulku up to the time I received my Geshe degree (except for the sudden passing away of his precious supreme incarnation which was like an obstruction to the entire general and specific teachings of Dharma), the fact that the thoughtless foolish conduct of my childhood did not take a wrong turn and turned toward virtue instead, to me illustrates the point that the fortunate root of all good qualities of this and future lives is the auspicious connection with the Guru. 

 	The first text Ngaram Dampa had me memorize was the Tantra, Expression of the Names of Manjusri. Every morning, without fail, he had me recite all the way up to the point I had memorized. He also had me memorize a short Orange Manjusri sadhana and recite the ARAPATSA mantra and dharani for increase of wisdom. Out of a wish to increase my wisdom, on my own initiative without urging, I persevered every morning and evening in reciting the mantras and counting them until I gradually reached one hundred thousand recitations. 
 	
20 “Kyabchog Dorjechang” is a title of great respect and reverence that we can use to refer to our teachers because we hold them in such high esteem. Dorjechang means “Vajradhara” which means that our teacher is one with Vajradhara, i.e. fully enlightened, and a being we can take refuge in. Kyabchog means “supreme refuge”. In this case, Trijang Rinpoche refers to Pabongka Rinpoche. 
21 Also another way of referring to Pabongka Rinpoche. 
22 One of two higher tantric colleges, the other being Gyume 9
 	
 	One time my older brother Trati Kamlung Rinpoche came from Sera to Chuzang to introduce himself to me. He had a long page with the alphabet to give me for learning reading, thinking that I was studying the fundamentals. He was both embarrassed and delighted to find that I had already memorized many of the recitations from Bodhicharyavatara23 and almost all of Abhisamayalankara24. 

 	At that age even just memorizing texts is indeed difficult but Ngaram Dampa’s way of teaching with both peaceful and wrathful means was extremely good. Also, for me, when I memorized texts, even if I did not know the meaning of the word I was memorizing, if I memorized it with my own made-up understanding, it immediately stuck in my mind. When I asked Ngaram Dampa to teach me the meaning of the words, he would say that practices such as memorization brought together all of the auspicious circumstances necessary for understanding the meaning. 

 	When I was seven, with the supreme Ngaram Lozang Tändar, Tzöpa Chizur Legshä Gyatso, Ganden Shartse Dokang Kangtsen Chatreng Nyitso Trinlä Tänzin, Nänang Dräshing Geshe, Sölpön Püntsog and so forth, I left Chuzang Retreat and, taking the Pänpo Go pass, went to stay at the Langtang Temple for a while. 

 	Then we crossed the Chagla pass and arrived at Ratreng Gepel Ling by way of Phödo. It was there that I received my Genyen and Getsül ordinations from Jetsün Ngawang Yeshe Tänpay Gyältsän Pälzangpo. He gave me the name Lozang Yeshe Tänzin Gyatso, composed a beautiful long life prayer that he presented to me, and also gave me reading transmissions of Abhisamayalankara and Madyamika; thus I received his kindness. 

 	In the same month was a prayer festival in the Ratreng area and we saw the revealing of embroidered tangkas, performance of operas, and so on. During this festival, we made pilgrimage to the principal and secondary Ratreng temples to see the most venerated objects such as the Jowo Manjusrivajra statue and made thousand-fold offerings. In the Ratreng vicinity we went to the Tsenya Retreat, the Yangön Retreat, Tsüngön Samtän Ling and others to show veneration and make offerings. I had already read the Kadam Buchö Son Scripture twice as I was learning reading, so I knew the life story of the Prince Könchog Bang. Flashes of immediate recognition of the different places of Ratreng appeared to my mind as soon as the keepers of the places started to tell their histories. When I was practicing reading the Buchö scripture,  Ngaram Dampa also gave me introductory explanation of some of the stories in the biographies. After that, when I read the rest of the biography, from the easily understandable verses and most of the stories, I was able to automatically get a rough understanding of the path. Similarly, as I was memorizing Bodhicharyavatara, I understood most of the general path from the rough meaning of the words of the Bodhicharyavatara prayer I had memorized, so I had an appreciation for the wisdom of the Aryas at that age. 

 	During the time we spent at Ratreng, the Labrang gave me the windowed upper story of the labrang residence and offered my attendants and I elaborate hospitality. On the way back we spent a day at Taglung Monastery where we thoroughly viewed the upper and lower temples and holy objects. We even saw an amazing statue of Dromtönpa that grew hair! 

 	Then we took the Pänpo main road through Thangsa, Ganden, Chökor and so forth, to Dromtö. On the journey I was eating yogurt that they had poured into leather bags for us at Ratreng, and it lasted all the way up to our arrival in Dromtö. Then we arrived back at Chuzang Retreat. 

 	Before I had left for Ratreng, since Kändrung Tänzin Wangpo and the other lay and ordained people of my party had taken up permanent residence at Künzang Tse in Lhasa, they had left representatives residing in Gungtang. One of these new residents was my father’s brother named Ane Yangtzom-lag and his Khampa wife, Bapa Apho-lag. Speaking to the elder Kün Tse aristocrat, the Kemä’s son, Rinchen Wangyäl and others, they were slandering and ostracizing my 

23 Also known as A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life, it is a famous Mahayana Buddhist text written in Sanskrit verse by Shantideva 
24 Also known as the Ornament of Clear Realizations, Abhisamayalankara is one of five Sanskrit-language Mahayana Buddhist scriptures which Maitreya is said to have revealed to Asanga 

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mother, claiming that she had secretly taken property. Even my older sister Kelsang Drölma aggravated the situation until one day Apho-lag suddenly came to my mother’s residence at Gungtang Chökor Ling, sealed the door shut and evicted my mother and her two children.
 
 	For quite some time, they had to stay together with Zhangpo Uncle Gyatso-lag, who fed them. It was a lot like what happened to Jetsun Milarepa’s mother, Nyangtsa Kargyän, and her sister Preta Gönkyi when they underwent great hardship. As soon as we heard what had happened, Changtzö   Chizur Legshä Gyatso went to the Kün Tse aristocrat’s residence and gradually worked through the inflamed situation that had arisen. Finally, the locks were taken off and when a thorough inventory of the property was taken, the truth was revealed that no property had been taken. 

 	When we heard of my mother’s hardship at Chuzang we were greatly saddened and worried by the situation. Preparing that year during summer retreat, because Ngaram Dampa had mastered astrology and the associated texts, he calculated what rituals must be done to clear away the negative influence of new moon darkness and afflicted astrological conjunctions such as bom ta gam and  ching and performed the rituals himself. On the third day of the seventh month Ngaram Dampa, Changtzö   Chizur, Tänling Dechang Lokä, the regent Tsedrön Jangchub Norzang, with a richly attired party on horseback, left the Lhasa Labrang. Although we were well prepared to stay and administer Gungtang Labrang, because Ane Yangtzom and his workers had not taken care of it, we spent one day in the upper story of Gungtang Chötri Dratsang. That day, because my horse was draped and decorated with a golden saddle and I was very dressed up in ‘raven-eyed’ brocade robes, a wide brimmed tangzha hat and so forth, to me, as a child, it seemed a very happy occasion. 

 	We left Gungtang the next day to spend a day in the upper story of Dechen Sang Ngag Kar’s Gyümä College. Those of Sang Ngag Kar Dratsang gave us a warm and elaborate welcome and some well-wishers who lived nearby offered khataks and other gifts. 

 	The next day, some people from Ganden Dokang Samling had prepared a camp in the grove of Ganden Zhölsong hermitage with tents, food and drink and so on and we stayed there for one day. We left at daybreak the next day and Dokang Kangtsän had set up very extensive camp kitchens in the threshing rooms of the Serkang fields. On our arrival there was a large gathering of the Kangtsän’s monks and teachers who offered tea and rice, representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind, khataks and so forth. 

 	The day before I had been told many frightening stories about a teacher at Dokang Kangtsän who would get angry and suddenly beat the children. That day I saw the teacher himself, a bearded monk with a dark complexion and puffed out chest. When I saw him, however, I was thinking, ‘This must not be the one they were talking about yesterday!’ and I didn’t feel at all afraid. 

 	When we arrived in Tsang, at the Shönbag flats Ganden Shartse Monastery had set up a very extensive reception camp with tents and so forth. With abbots and ex-abbots of Ganden 
Shartse and Ganden Jangtse at the head, chant leaders and other officials, the two dratsangs and practically all of their incarnate lamas lined up to offer khataks at the door of my tent. As soon as I saw Ganden Jangtse Tridag Rinpoche, without any need for an introduction, I thought, ‘This is Tridag Rinpoche!’ I felt as if we had already met before.
 
 	Ganden Shartse Dratsang offered tea, rice, khataks and representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind to all those in line. The monk officials and dratsangs also gave khataks and representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind. 

 	Then we moved on with the incarnate lamas who were receiving me, riding horseback with elaborate attire. On Drogri Mountain the lamas and monk officials of Ganden had again set up reception tents and stood in line to receive me. I was offered tea and rice and the two abbots gave me khataks and representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind. Then the procession gradually moved on and when the great assembly of monks of Ganden neared the Chugo headwaters, a vast golden rosary of the monks of Shartse and Jangtse Dratsang were waiting in line there. When we arrived at Chugo I dismounted from my horse and sat on a divan and maroon colored rug facing the monastery. After making three full-length prostrations, I performed the 

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traditional rituals as Ngaram Dampa had taught me, including offering of tormas with expressions of auspiciousness.
 
 	Then, leading with incense, the escort procession arrived at Dokang Kangtsän where a line of lamas and officials, the dratsang and kangtsän gave me welcoming khataks and representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind. After that my kangtsän made a great celebration of it with offerings of tea and rice to all those who were in line as well as a fried biscuits and other food. Two philosophy students also held a public debate discussion25 in the assembly. 

 	After the reception line dispersed we went to the upper story of the kangtsän. There, many officials and private individuals offered me representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind, rice, khataks and so forth. After that I moved out to the balcony. When I was at Chuzang I had always imagined what the great debating assembly in the vast courtyard of Ganden would look like, and when I first looked out from the balcony it was just as I had imagined it. 

 	One day a representative of the Ganden Tripa took me before the third Tsemön Ling Rinpoche Lozang Tänpay Gyältsän after which the Kangtsän teacher took me before the abbot of Ganden Shartse Pukang Lozang Kyenrab to introduce me to him for the first time as was the custom. Then I showed veneration with a distribution of offerings on an auspicious occasion. I invited Tri Rinpoche Tsemön Lingpa and his entourage to the monastery at a time when teachings were being given, and I offered him khatak and representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind. 

 	The representative of the Dalai Lama gave me tea and a silver seal, kapse fried cookies stacked five-high with a blessing cord, after which monk officials, groups from the Kangtsän, and relatives held an elaborate auspicious welcoming ceremony for me. Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa, the supreme, even sent an attendant with his kind gift of an auspicious khatak and enough brocade with which to make a set of robes.
 
 	When I first entered Ganden Shartse Monastery’s teaching hall, Legshä Kundrog Ling, according to Ngaram Dampa’s own instructions, basins such as katora were filled to overflowing with rice that was distributed to all of the monks who came to the assembly. All day long from morning to night we served special tea to the assembled monks and the public along with those in the teaching hall. I had already memorized most of the Dharma recitations that were done so I was able to recite them by heart except for the abbot’s prayer to the lineage and the chasum choga Three Part Ritual that was done at the end of the evening session. 
 	
 	On one day during that period, I heard that the Kazur,  ex-government official, Shädrapa was coming to my residence and I hurried back to my room where I suddenly met him. Rather portly, with the little hair that he had tied up in a few braids, he looked very impressive wearing his light-blue brocade chupa26. He presented me with awards and a khatak. Being young I didn’t know anything to say and stayed quiet. Ngaram Dampa and Shädrapa were previously acquainted and spoke at length about old times. Finally Shädrapa gave me a lot of advice saying that I must especially persevere in my studies, because I was ‘the best we have, like a golden egg among all of the eggs, like the crown-jewel of Ganden!’ As Shädrapa was from Ganden, at that time he was its uncommon elder patron and a chief benefactor of Dokang Kangtsän in particular. Also later on when he served as a government minister and came to Ganden with the Dalai Lama, they came to visit me. 

 	During the time of the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Shädrapa Päljor Dorje, as he was called, and three others, Zhölkangpa, Changkyimpa, and Horkangpa served as the four Kalön ministers27. Although the Dalai Lama undoubtedly had reasons beyond our unenlightened comprehension, to common view it appeared as if he was influenced by the divisive talk of one or 

25 A notable characteristic of the Gelugpa tradition, as founded by Lama Tsongkhapa, is the realisation of the Dharma through investigation and understanding. As a result, there is a strong tradition of debate in the sangha, to explore and deepen their understanding of the texts 
26 The clothing of a lay Tibetan person 
27 The governing council of the Tibetan government is known as the Kanshag. The ministers (three secular, one ordained) who sit in the Council hold the title of Kalön 

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two attendants. He issued a strict edict saying that the Tibetan parliament was unfit to fulfill its political responsibilities and placed the four Kalön  ministers under strict house arrest at the Norling Palace28. 

 	Horkangpa was able to escape secretly and committed suicide at Kyichu. The other three ministers, Shädrapa, Zhölkangpa, and Changkyimpa were all removed from office and given permission to return to their homes but Shädrapa had to remain in Kongpo Orong as punishment.
 
 	Later on, as fighting with the British army arrived in Chushur from the direction of Tsang, the Dalai Lama suddenly left on a trip to China and Mongolia. In his absence the Chinese minister named Amban Krangtarin came to Lhasa and sent a letter to Shädrapa insisting that he come to Lhasa because he had to serve in the government. Shädrapa therefore returned from Kongpo and the Amban placed the lands of Ganden under his authority. That was the time that Shädrapa had to insist to the Amban, ‘I am someone the Dalai Lama has punished and expelled! My coming in country now is not permitted because it goes against the Dalai Lama’s orders! I will stay as ‘ under Shädra.’ In old manuscripts such as biographies of Je Rinpoche29, the title ‘ Sharahor’ is used whereas later on, from about the time of Shädra Desi, the title ‘ under Shädra’ became preferred. In any case, the patron of the great being Je Rinpoche being the source, there appears to have been a tradition of the ‘ under Shädra’ making the daily inner offerings at the Ganden Chögyäl house and keeping many important holy objects such as the Kangyur30 that Je Rinpoche studied. 
 	
 	Not long after that, from China, the Dalai Lama, with clear intention, put his seal on elevating Shädrapa, Zhölkangpa, and Changkyimpa back to the status of ministers and they held those posts for the rest of their lives. 
 	
 	After finishing the summer retreat we left Ganden, from Marlam Dechen Gongko residence to a field in front of Karab Shänka where, since we had already prepared the noon-day meal, we stopped for a little while. After that we stayed a day at Dechen Sang Ngag Kar Labrang. At that time we appreciated the auspicious hospitality of the residents of Dechen Lamo Tse and others with whom we had relationships.  
 	
 	Since it was coming time for the Marlam Gungtang Dharma Celebration that follows summer retreat, a big meeting tent was put up in the Jar Rag fields so we took a break at the heat of the day to watch a bit of the opera being performed which began with Jataka Tales, life stories of the Buddha. Because it was the first time I had seen an opera performance I felt very attracted to it and wanted to stay longer. However, we continued on and arrived in Lhasa that evening. 
 	
 	Having arrived in Lhasa I had to have my first audience with the Dalai Lama but since he had not returned from his trip to China and Mongolia, I went before the great throne at his residence in accordance with the tradition. In connection with that I also had my first audience with the regent Ganden Trisur31 Lozang Gyältsän Rinpoche who was residing at the upper story of the Lhasa Meru32 Dratsang. 
 	
 	Then, after we arrived at Chuzang Retreat we put up a meeting tent in the courtyard outside our rooms. To commemorate the auspiciousness of my having entered Ganden, with the supreme Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongka Pälzangpo in attendance, Dromtö Geshe Rinpoche and the retreatant meditator Gelong Jiyö hosted a celebratory feast for two days. Demo Rinpoche and I pitched a small tent of our own off to one side and enjoyed the party. 

 	Ngaram Dampa requested the great Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongkapa to give all of the jenangs33 of the Manjusri cycle of teachings. I had never had an initiation of Anutaratantra, 

28 Also known as the Norbulingka, the traditional summer residence of the Dalai Lamas 
29 Another name for Lama Tsongkhapa, founder of the Gelugpa lineage 
30 The Kangyur, or ‘The Translation of the Word’ is the Tibetan Buddhist canon. These consist of 108 volumes of teachings given by Buddha Shakyamuni himself. Alongside this compilation is the Tengyur, or ‘The Translation of Treatises’ 
31 One who has formerly held the rank of the Ganden Tripa. Ganden Tripas who retire carry this title. 
32 rMeru 
33 Jenang is the “permitting empowerment”. It gives the disciple permission to recite the mantra and do the sadhana meditation of a deity. According to scriptures, it is a requirement for the disciple to have received a wang (complete empowerment) for any deity belonging to the same or a higher Tantra class, before they may receive a jenang 

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 Unexcelled Highest Yoga Tantra such as Vajra Bhairava before but Lama Dorjechang, for the sake of auspiciousness, made an exception and gave me all of the jenangs.  Although I did not understand other things he taught because of my young age, when he gave the Dharmaraja jenang  I understood the story he told about giving the jenang, when no hand-symbol of a club had been prepared and using a momo  dumpling stuck on the end of a pipe in substitution for it ,  and I remember repeating the phrase, ‘…I shall act accordingly’ a number of times during the Dharmaraja jenang. 

 	Another day, acting in accordance with Ngaram Dampa’s request and urging, for the sake of auspiciousness, supreme Kyabchog Pabongka came to our room and taught us how to draw the hearths for peaceful, increasing, and subjugating fire pujas. If we messed up slightly in making the lines for the initiation hearth he immediately corrected us. 

 	As I mentioned before, Lama Dorjechang made an exception for reasons of auspiciousness in giving me the jenangs  of the Manjushri cycle. Yet I did not feel that I had sufficiently received it at that age so later on, when I was twenty-one, I received them all from him again. 

 	After that, Ngaram Dampa and Tzöpa Chizur together decided that I needed a teacher to instruct me in the great treatises. They compiled a list of good teachers from Ganden Shartse Dratsang and asked for an indication from supreme Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa and from Tänsung Gyalchen Dorje Shugden. They both agreed that Lozang Tsultrim of Pukang Nangzang would be excellent so he was invited from Ganden. He came to Chuzang retreat together with Dosam Nyitso Trinle that year. On an astrologically auspicious date, after I made a small symbolic offering of tea and rice, khatak and so forth, he began teaching me by commenting on the expression of homage at the beginning of the Ratö Collected Topics text. Because I had already memorized all of Abhisamayalankara and more that half of Madyamakavatara34, the supreme spiritual guide also examined me on that and was very pleased with my memorization. 

 	In offering, dancers from the Ratreng region performed deer and yak dances that were extremely wild in which they planted one foot down on the ground, and spun quickly and randomly back and forth, to the left and right. I was imitating them and took up a clay oil lamp that was burning brightly. I was dancing with it near the statues when some of the fire burst out of the clay pot. It was a little frightening but since it was my first day with the teacher I didn’t get scolded or anything. 

 	From that time on my holy tutor resided permanently with me. That year, during the winter Dharma session, we went to Ganden and he began teaching me composition, mathematics and dialectical debate. He did this through topics such as the presentation of colors in the beginning level of collected topics, then step-by-step through the topics of ‘establishment by valid cognition’, recognition of isolates and so forth, going through all subjects of the beginning, middle, and advanced levels of collected topics. That was what I was supposed to be studying over a period of four years. 

 	From that year onwards I attended every one of the four season’s sessions of teachings, the Sangpu summer session, the Lhasa Great Prayer Festival, and so forth, without ever missing a single session all the way up until I received my Geshe title.
 
 	When I was eight, as requested by the Kalachakra ritual monks of Ganden, the definitively learned and realized great being Ganden Serkong Dorjechang Ngawang Tsultrim Döndän Pälzangpo bestowed the great initiation of Sri Kalachakra in the great white meeting hall of Ganden over a period of three days, including the day of preparation. I had the good fortune to bow my head with a red utpala35 flower at the holy elegant Dharma feet of that great being and be among the rows of those initiated. There were so many attendees that they did not even fit inside the great 

34 The Madyamakavatara is a text by Chandrakirti on the Middle Way school. It is a commentary on the meaning of Nagarjuna's Mulamadhyamakakarika and also the Dasabhumikasutra-sastra 
35 The utpala is a flower that rises from mud, like a lotus. A symbol of purity, it features in tangkas and as part of many deities’ symbology, for example Tara 
 	
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meeting hall and people had to sit under the doorways and everywhere. I was sitting in front of the mandala36 just behind Dräpung Gomang Kyabje Kangsar Rinpoche. 

 	At the time of the vase initiation, the Lama gave me the novice ablution, placing me on the cloth painting of the mandala and, for some auspicious reason perhaps, mixed the eye-medicine with honey and presented it to me. It was so delicious that I ate up every drop! Some of the Kalachakra monks of Tsenam wore the dance robes, carried vases, chanted with melodies and so forth; it was a great spectacle. The Vajra Holder gave very profound and vast explanations when he taught and sometimes he would cry or say something critical or sarcastic. I was so young that there was no way I could follow all of the symbolism of the initiation. But the next day, as he assured all in attendance that we need not doubt that we had received the empowerment, it was similar to when the mahasiddhas of old would ripen and liberate trainees by slapping them on the cheek; even someone of a difficult type like me, by the power of entrusting myself, had absolutely no doubt that special imprints had been implanted within me37. 
 	
 	When I was nine years old, the disciplinarian in our Dratsang had us recite any of the tradition’s scriptures in the middle of the assembly for the venerable title of Kachu38, ‘Those who study the ten scriptures.’ I recited the first two pages of Legshe Nyingpo from memory without the slightest fright or hesitation and everyone praised me, saying that I had done very well for my age. 

 	After I had received the Kachu title from the both the Dratsang and the Mitsän39, I made extensive offerings of veneration to all. 
 	
 	A ten-year old boy named Lhabu who was the son of a nomadic herder from Dechen Balam became my house student and also my playmate. From the rest of his sixty-six years, as is said in the Laying of the Stalks Sutra,  ‘acting as a boat, a vehicle, a vajra-mountain’, he served me well as a personal attendant; his kindness was great. 
 	
 	Later in that same year, the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama returned to Tibet from his journey in China and Mongolia. At the Ganden Chökor Monastery in Pänpo, the Ganden Tri Rinpoche, the oracles of Ganden Shartse and Jangtse Dratsangs, and so forth; the abbots of Ganden Shatse and Jangtse from central Tibet, lamas, tulkus, and officials went to greet him and had a joyful welcoming celebration. I also went to greet him and experienced for the first time the good fortune of seeing his face, the golden face of a Buddha with the complete mandala of excellent signs of goodness and virtue. 
 	
 	Then the lamas, tulkus, and officials including Tri Rinpoche left for Lhasa where further welcoming celebrations would be held. I wanted to go to Lhasa and, like the wish of Tzöpa Tzongzur, I excused myself from Pänpo and went back to Ganden. 
 	
 	When I was ten, in the year of the iron dog, at the time of the Great Prayer Festival, the tenth Kundeling Tatsag, Thubten Kälzang Tänpay Drönme Rinpoche was getting his Geshe Degree so, in accordance with tradition, the Dalai Lama and his entourage was invited by the monastery. Likewise, from Amdo Tashikyil, the fourth Kunkyen Jamyang Zhepa Kälzang Thubten Wangchug was invited. 
 	
 	There was great excitement as everyone, ordained and lay, prepared for the Dalai Lama’s party’s arrival. As the first tea of the festival was being served, the large Chinese Luuchun40  army suddenly arrived and started shelling Tälpung Gang east of Lhasa, killing several Tibetans and Tsedrön Jamyang Gyältsän the governor general of the Prayer Festival. People such as Punkang Gung Tashi Dorje were wounded by gunfire and so forth; everyone was very anxious and frightened. 
 	
36 A representation of a deity’s abode and enlightened state. It can also refer to a mandala offering which is a symbolic offering of the entire universe 
37 It is believed that when a high lama slaps a student it is a very powerful blessing, which helps to purify obstacles and plant very strong karmic imprints. 
38 bka bchu 
39 mi tsan, This is a further subdivision, a family within the Dratsang 
40 lu’u chun 
 	
 	15

 	That night the Dalai Lama and an entourage of important people left the Potala secretly by way of the Norbulingka Palace to go to India. The Chinese, such as the representative Amban Län, sent a large contingent of Chinese army hurrying after him. However, at the iron bridge over the canyon called Chänsäl Namgang, Tsarong Dazang Dradul (who had married into the Tsarong family) and a few other volunteers were able to stop the Chinese army and make them turn back. 
 	
 	That year the teacher Yongzin Lozang Tsultrim also stood for his Geshe Lharampa degree and received the award of second place Lharampa Geshe. 
 	
 	As if reborn by the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s return from China and Mongolia, the government had its first minting of a one sang bill and a coin called the Thubten Sertam, and at the Prayer Festival gave each bikshu three silver coins and a khatak eraser cloth. Kundeling Labrang gave each monk five silver coins and Jamzhä Labrang gave three coins each. 
 	
 	During the Prayer Festival the Chinese took every opportunity to denigrate and show disrespect to the monks in whatever way they could. They sat on the tar roof of the courtyard balcony with their legs stretched out, smoking and throwing their cigarette butts into the center of the assembly. In the Dharma courtyard when Tri Rinpoche was teaching they marched in front, beating their drums. 
 	
 	That year we went to Sangpu for the summer Dharma session where, in addition to my study of tsänyi,  logical reasoning, between the balconies of the courtyard, Ngaram Dampa began teaching me and my tutor astrology. We began with practicing writing the multiplication tables in the dust on the ground and gradually covering nga dü (the five-fold summary) 41, the five planets zhag sum (the three-fold division of days)42, and practically all of the diagrams of astrology, drawing them and then erasing them in the tsi zhong  basin43. I would stick my finger out to draw and was excited about learning, but since I was young and later concentrated more on study of Dharma and reasoning, with all of the memorization and study and so forth, I no longer took much interest in astrology and left it aside. Therefore any knowledge of astrology I had at that time has been long forgotten and vanished. 
 	
 	While I was at the summer session in Sangpu, Amdo Jamyang Zhäpa came to Sangpu on pilgrimage. Because at that time Jamyang Zhäpa Rinpoche was highly regarded by the Chinese such as the Amban who was residing in Lhasa, Jamyang Zhäpa’s attendants came ahead of time to prepare for his arrival, verbally threatening, kicking and beating the people of Sangpu. Some of the lay tax officers such as the owner of our house had to escape and hide in the woods in front of Sangpu for two or three days. Jamyang Zhäpa Rinpoche stayed in Sangpu for one day. The next day before he left he gave a half a tam of Tibetan money to each lama at a great gathering of ten sets of Sangpu lamas at the temple. After having an audience with the sangha population he left to return to Lhasa. He was quite elderly with a long white beard and wore a yellow dhagogtse  brocade robe. 
 	
 	Many people such as Lhasa residents called him a ‘Chinese Lama’ and disparaged him, as a result of which I did not develop great faith in him. However, as I thought about it later, other than his arrival coinciding with the Chinese presence there was nothing wrong with him and he seemed to me to be a well qualified lama. 
 	
 	That autumn there was a smallpox epidemic throughout all of central Tibet and Tsang so I stayed permanently at Ganden and did retreats. Supreme Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa, with great care, had brought the sadhana of Vishvamata and a tsakali picture from Chuzang retreat, so we did a 100,000 mantra recitation retreat of Vishvamata; also 100,000 mantra long life retreat of White Tara; and 100,000 migtsema  mantra retreat, which I did together with my supreme holy tutor. 
 	
41 lnga bsdus: The five topics include planet, date, constellation, union and action 
42 zhag gsum: The three are khyim zhag, one thirtieth of the time for the sun to cross over the sign of the zodiac, nyin zhag, the time from sunrise to the next sunrise, and tses zhag the division in time proportional to the waxing and waning of the moon. 
43 rtsis zhong: A wooden basin in which astrological calculations are practiced 

16
 	
 	At that time we had no medicine to cure or prevent smallpox as is available nowadays. At Ganden alone there were so many monks who died that there was no more room for corpses at the charnal ground for sky burial because the previous corpses had not yet been taken. I also got smallpox in that year with a lot of pustules on my face and limbs but even though I was sick for many days, thanks primarily to continuing in mantra recitation practice according to the advice of Lama Dorjechang and especially the kindness of my holy tutor nursing me for many days on end, himself forgoing sleep, I recovered from the smallpox and was able to go to debate sessions at the beginning of the winter Dharma gathering. At the time when the smallpox had been most severe, whether it was in a dream or some kind of vision, I found myself up on the Nyagrong pass where some monks who were above me were beckoning and calling to me, ‘Dear child come! Let’s go to Tushita44!’ It seems that even if I had died at that time it would have been quite joyful, as I felt no influence of any negativity. 
 	
 	At about the same time I also had a vision that I had some kind of animal in my lap like a puppy or a kitten and a woman came up and snatched it away from me and took it away. I later found out that my younger brother who had been born after my younger sister Jampäl Chötso and who had been recognized as the incarnation of Lelung Tulku, had died in Gungtang the day that I had seen the vision. It was as if he had gone in place of myself. 

 	When I was sick with smallpox, the Pukang Monastery’s abbot Lozang Kyenrab advised Gän Yongzin Chog, my supreme tutor, to first treat it with tamarind pine and later, when the pustules were drawing pus, to treat it with white incense smoke. One day the pustules collapsed and started turning inwards. It became very dangerous and my tutor was seriously worried. He asked the Pukang abbot what he thought. The abbot said to take a slab of pork, cook it, and give me a few mouthfuls of pork fat by itself. He did that and the next morning, right where the pustules had collapsed, a second pustule had formed on top of them, rather like the stepped levels of a stupa45. Then I gradually had a full recovery. 
 	
 	After my little brother died of smallpox, only my mother and her daughter Jampäl Chötso remained. The Gungtang resident lamas, Apo and Ane Yangtzom, continually acted so vindictively towards them that they could no longer bear to stay there. So Tzöpa Legshä Gyatso sent the two of them to a Labrang member Dechen Karab Ogong’s house, where his father, Tänzin Zangpo, lived with his son, Döndrub. 
 	
 	When I was eleven, from Tänzin Trinlä Özer Rinpoche, the incarnation of Deyang Tsänzhab Nyäldra, I received the reading transmission of all fourteen volumes of the Domä edition of Tukän Chökyi Nyima’s collected works in the Lhasa Meru eastern assembly hall. 
 	
 	As every year, Tängyäling Labrang invited us to the Demo cham dances with great hospitality and we went. In the center of Demo cham upper viewing area sat Demo Rinpoche. To his right sat Derlo Sempa, Dagyab Chungtsang, Tsangpa Känchän, myself, and Demo Rinpoche’s tutor. To his left sat various Chinese ministers such as Len Amban. Those such as the Kashag Zhab Pä, the highest lay government official, were in the highly situated viewing areas of the residences on either side. The rest of the official government entourage was set up in a tent on the roof under the balcony. 
 	
 	Smoke from the cigarettes of the Chinese filled the viewing area. I was very displeased to see someone named Tzasa Chöjang Dradül-lag seeming to take delight in showing great respect to the Chinese. That evening, as the dancers for the cham of Magzorma principal and entourage were finishing their dance, one of the Tänma,  the twelve earth goddesses, the one representing Kongtsün Demo, not only fell flat on his face as he went out the great ornamented doorway, but the Chinese Amban draped khataks over each dancer. All in all, the people of Lhasa considered these to be very bad signs. The next year, fighting with the Chinese army resulted in the complete destruction of Tängyäling Monastery. 
 	
44 Lama Tsongkhapa’s celestial abode. 
45 A representation of an attained being's enlightened mind. 
 	
 	17
 	
 	That year, after summer retreat when I was still staying in Lhasa, an uprising revolt occurred in China. Even in Lhasa, on the day of Lhabab Düchen,46 it resulted in fighting between the old and new regimes among the Chinese in Lhasa and a number of them killed each other. They also forced themselves into some of the households of Lhasa and seized horses and donkeys. Because there was so much conflict going on, my holy tutor and I rented a small room in the Lhasa Trokang and stayed there for many days. 
 	
 	At that time, the Chinese Amban named Län had to leave Lhasa and hid out at Drepung Monastery. 
 	
        About the time of Ganden Ngamchö we went to Ganden and Ngaram Dampa taught my tutor and I how to draw the mandalas of Guyasamaja, Heruka, Yamantaka and Künrig, with detailed instructions on their colors, rituals and so forth. We practiced very intensively, right on the wall of our room in Ganden. Gän Rinpoche and I made complete colored mandalas of Guyasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka. They came out quite well. It was a time when the upper assembly hall in the kangtsän was being renovated.
 
 	At the time of the winter session I entered a new class to begin studying Parchin, Paramita, the Perfections. It was an oppressive time of conflict with the Chinese in the Lhasa area. As the situation was very dangerous, when I was twelve, Gän Rinpoche, Ngaram Dampa and I did not go to the Great Prayer Festival, but stayed at Ganden. That year the government placed a thousand monks from each of the monastic seats as security guards, so the government made general distributions of offerings for the monks at the Prayer Festival.
 
 	The second month of the year, the Chinese suddenly attacked Sera Monastery. The Tibetan government issued an order for two hundred monks from Ganden to immediately go to Sera. They strapped on and carried with them muzzle-loading rifles, knives, and spears that had been placed as visual offerings in some of the wrathful protector shrine rooms. Some wore clothing that was neither completely that of a monk nor completely that of a lay person. They wore chupas47 over long upper robes, wearing leather monk’s shoes, wearing variously colored pecha 48 cover cloths tied around their heads and so forth, it was an incredible-looking motley band that departed. When they got to Sera, they met and touched foreheads with some of the elder monks who, with tears, told them that the Sangha of the prior great monastic seat was gone. They said there were some monks who had tied kitchen knives to the ends of clubs, and were crouching down as they ran off, saying, ‘Where are those Chinese? I’m going to kill them!’ 

 	Later the Tibetan government army, and the Sera and Ganden monks all banded together to expel the Chinese from Sera. They drove them off as far as Lhasa’s Lhogyu, southern side. Some of the house students such as my attendant Lhabu, and eight Ganden monks who were there reciting the Kangyur, had to live under the Chinese for part of a month. They were made to work throughout Lhogyu, their food, clothing and provisions exhausted. The Chinese made them haul earth and rocks they dug out of ravines for their army bunkers even after some, like Lhabu, 
developed sores on their backs from the hauling; the danger, fear and suffering they experienced was immeasurable. 
 	
 	That year, because of the fighting we could not have Ganachakra offering at the Sangpu summer retreat. In my class, there was a son of the Pukang Yara family from the Markham Chashäl region, village of Kapo Ze, from Zadru Monastery, named Ngawang Lozang, who studied extremely well and who was very bright. He was good-natured and became Gän Rinpoche’s student. From that year onwards, until he received his Geshe degree, he was my permanent Dharma discussion partner. In the monastery during what would have been summer retreat, in the upper residence of the Kangtsän, from Dokang, was a good student named Lozang Chödrag. In public debate together before the assembly we discussed and debated Paramita. From the beginning expression of respectful homage in Chishä, General Explanation, and continuing with debate 

46 The religious holiday commemorating Buddha’s descent from Tushita heaven. 
47 The clothing of a lay Tibetan person 
48 The format of a Tibetan text. Pages are laid out in a landscape fashion, and the text is read from left to right 

discussion, it went well without any improper reasoning, and Tzöpa Tzongzur Legshä Gyatso generously covered the expenditures for the traditional large offerings that we needed to make. 
 	
 	When fighting erupted in Lhasa, the sound of mortar fire was heard from the top of the Ganden Nyagrong pass. That year, by order of the supreme government, the great Kyabje Ganden Serkong Dorjechang came to Ganden and, before the Dharmaraja shrine in Yangpachen, performed the wrathful ‘black mountain of poison’ torma ritual of super-secret Dharmaraja and threw the zor torma on top of the bazaar. The recitation of serkyem that day was loud enough to hear it from my room in the upper quarters at Dokang. Also performed were the Lhamo and Hayagriva torma rituals for averting harm,  si nän, the ritual for suppressing harmful ‘ si’ spirits, and various other wrathful rituals that were performed one after the other, for a month. 
 	
 	One day during that time, early in the year of the iron dog, the Dalai Lama came from Lhasa with, voluntarily following after him, a high Chinese general and Ramoche Gyälgo Donggi Chötzä, the keeper of the Ramoche temple. He performed si nän  ritual in the Drag Go Che Par Nang, the ‘outer great rock door’ with even the wrathful preparation of heads and limbs of those killed by soldiers, including soldiers from Ganden. As each torma was thrown, Serkong Dorjechang wanted to imitate the action and took various cham dancing steps, mistakenly losing his balance. Because Dorjechang was prematurely balding, for a moment the childish thought occurred to me, ‘What a sight it would be if his hat came off!’ 
 	
 	That year, at the end of summer retreat, the fighting around Lhasa was not yet resolved so we spent over two months in quasi retreat at Dechen Lamo Tsezhi. Gän Rinpoche had me memorize Legshä Nyingpo and at first, for part of a day, I pretended to memorize, picking out special words and memorizing them in a scattered fashion. When I was told to recite it by memory, it made no difference what part of the text I was shown, beginning, forward, backward, I started reading from the back side of the page and kept on going for some fifteen pages. When my lie was found out I got both a reprimand and a whipping. I had to start memorizing from the beginning again and, persevering, I memorized about seventy pages and all of the fourth chapter on the ‘Twenty Sangha’ in the Panchen’s General Explanation of the Paramitas.  
 	
 	At that time, because I had good intelligence, Gän Rinpoche hoped that I would improve my memorization capability vastly but because I had little perseverance, Gän Rinpoche pushed me and scolded me quite a lot to subdue me. I had a lot of fleas on my body and one day with the help of my friend Yöntän-lag, we shook out my bedding and the fur and fleas that came out filled a whole cup! 
 	
 	In the ninth month of the year, I went to Gungtang with Gän and Ngaram Dampa to make prayers to my birth protector deity. The keeper of Gungtang Labrang, my maternal uncle Zhangpo Jamyang Gyatso, gave us the great upper bedroom of the temple where we stayed for several days with our meals provided in timely fashion from uncle’s room. Otherwise, as I mentioned before, there was an Ane Yangtzom at Gungtang who was not convinced that I was the real incarnation of the Gungtang Lama and, because it was a time that he had control of the food, if it had been up to him, we would have had no one to serve us food for even a day! 

 	At that time Kuntse Gomag Tsipön Rinwang and his wife, my older sister, came from Lhasa to Gungtang and stayed for about a week. One day they came to meet Ngaram Dampa and they served us tea and four meals together, one right after the next! Otherwise, Ane Yangtzom neglected us like a tree without a shadow, and gave us no sign of recognition. Not only then, but up until I received my Geshe degree, whenever we passed by Gungtang on the way from Lhasa to Ganden we stayed at my uncle Gyatso’s at Chökor Ling and I had no thought to go to Gungtang Labrang. 
 	
 	Because the fighting around Lhasa had not been resolved, the night of Ganden Ngamchö we returned from Dechen back to Ganden and I persevered in studying the successive subjects from the Paramita class that had already been completed, beginning with sem kye, bodhicitta, dam ngag, instructions and so forth. 
 	
 	When the winter session let out we went to Lhasa, and on the sixteenth day of the twelfth month, the Thirteenth Dalai Lama returned to Lhasa from India and the government had a 

19
 	welcoming reception for him at Kyitsäl Luding. Lamas and tulkus of the three monastic seats together went to have audience with him. 
 	
 	When I was thirteen, in the year of the water bull, when the Lhasa Great Prayer Festival concluded, in accordance with Ngaram Dampa’s intention, we invited Tsedrung Zhabzur Sampel-lag to my room and I, Lhabu, and Tzong Legshä’s nephew Tsultrim Tänzin, the three of us, began studying writing under his tutelage. In the meantime, for two or three months, we did our memorization, recitation and study of tsänyi49 scriptures on the side. 

 	After Ganachakra, together with Gän Rinpoche and Ngawang Lozang we moved to Drepung Monastery and received the lineage of the transmission of the entire Kangyur, all of Buddha’s Teachings that are translated into Tibetan, and the Tängyur50, from the great Kyabdag Kagyurwa Jetsun Lozang Döndän Pälzangpo in the Gomang Hardong house, as well as many other reading transmissions such as Mani Kabum and the Father and Son Teachings of the Kadam;   it took over three months. Rinpoche was very large and impressive looking so whenever anyone fell asleep, talked unnecessarily, wrote notes or anything, even slightly, he would look around the room and pause for a moment; everything went very smoothly. 
 	
 	When the teachings at Drepung were finished, we moved to Ganden and during the summer and fall, following Gän Rinpoche’s instructions, I studied Paramita with perseverance, starting from the Twenty Sangha  chapter up to the third chapter with my Dharma friend Ngawang Lozang. 

 	We worked so hard that that year at the winter session, I was able to skip ahead to the older students’ eighth chapter of Paramita and at the same time, during the winter session, studied the fourth chapter. 
 	
 	When I was fourteen, in the year of the wood tiger, at the end of the Great Prayer Festival, as requested by His Eminence Tatsag Hotogtu Rinpoche, at Lhasa Kundeling assembly hall, I received countless practices51 from Drepung Gomang Büldü Dorjechang Jetsun Lozang Yeshe Tänpay Gyältsän the glorious Vajrasattva lord of the hundred families, who conjoins beings’ minds with the path and fruit of the four bodies of unification. All great initiations were conferred using painted mandalas with the tagön  preliminary days of preparation. We also received instruction on the three essential points of the Mitra-system Avalokitesvara yoga and the Nyän Tsembupa-system of Avalokitesvara yoga. Dorjechang gave very vast and profound initiation instructions, clarifying the practice down to the finest details. 

 	I was still young so the infinite profound essential points of the Sutras and Tantras that he explained could not fit into the vessel of my intelligence but I could understand almost all of the points to be contemplated and visualized during the initiations. I visualized each point directly as best I could. Thanks to that, even these days, the explanations given at that time and memories of the Lama Rinpoche’s physical expressions still clearly appear in my mind. Compared to the funny way some village elders receive sets of a hundred initiations without understanding even the grossest level of the meaning, I understood the teachings rather well for my age. 

 	For my general studies, I was now studying from the fifth chapter of Paramita and, during the summer retreat, I studied with a monk who was renowned as a good student, from Ganden Jangtse Gobo. We debated the eighth chapter of Paramita before the assembly and did well enough that the scholars had no need to laugh or be embarrassed. In connection with inviting Chogtsung Trichen Dorjechang Kyenrab Yöntän Gyatso Pälzangpo as head of the assembly, I had the opportunity to make traditional offerings to the assembly. It went very well in all major and minor aspects from beginning to middle to end. In the winter session I moved up to the new52 Madyamaka class. 
 	
49 Logic, dialectics and philosophical studies. 
50 Commentary on Buddha’s teachings. 
51 Jigje, Vajra Bhairava, Pawo Chigpa, Solitary Hero initiation, and Lha Chugsum, Thirteen Deity Vajra Bhairava intiation, Guhyasamaja of Father Nagarjuna’s system of Akshobyavajra initiation, Sixty-two Deity Heruka initiation of Luipa’s system, Five-Deity Heruka initiation of Gandipa’s system, and initiation of the Great Compassionate One Avalokitesvara of Bikshuni Pälmo’s system. 
52 Studying the later or ‘newer’ Madyamaka masters such as Chandrakirti. Later the ‘ancient’ Madyamikas such as Nagarjuna are studied. 
 	
 	20

 	When I was fifteen, starting from the seventeenth of the sixth month of the wood hare year, as requested by Ganden Jangtse Tsawa disciplinarian, Zurpa Yeshe-lag, at the Ganden Yangpachän Temple, the eighty-eighth Ganden Tripa, Trichen Kyenrab Yöntän Gyatso Pälzangpo gave forty-five great initiations with preliminary days of preparation53. With Kyabchog Büldü Dorjechang, the Lord of Teachers of the Five Fields Drepung Lubum Geshe Sherab Gyatso Rinpoche, together with over six hundred Sangha including renowned and learned lamas, tulkus, and geshes all received a fortunate festival of bliss. During the tülzhug, the lifestyle conduct and initiation of the great initiation of Six-Wheel-Turning Heruka was done very extensively. I was given the clothing of the Deity to wear – such as the six bone ornaments – we circumambulated the mandala with parasols, victory banners, etc. the disciples were offered to the Deity and so on. All present had great merit and good fortune. 

 	During these great initiations, I was fortunate to sit next to Kyabchog Büldü Dorjechang, who was a very good example for me to see completely focusing on the visualizations from beginning to end without distraction. Because of factors such as having listened well during the great initiations given the year before at Kundeling, I felt that I could at least perform the visualizations uninterruptedly. At that time, I began grammar classes with Kyabchog Büldü Dorjechang and he suggested that it would be good if I studied the fundamentals with Geshe Sherab Gyatso Rinpoche. 
 	
 	That year at the time of the winter session I had reached the class on the ancient Madyamikas54. 
 	
 	When I was sixteen, in the year of the fire dragon, at the conclusion of the Great Prayer Festival, Gän Rinpoche and I invited the supreme Drepung Gomang Lubum Geshe Sherab Gyatso and moved to Chuzang Retreat where the precious Geshe, using the Root Grammar Text and the Great Situ Commentary as a basis, with Prati Geshe’s commentary that emphasizes writing, instructed us in the grammatical texts of Sum-chu-pa and Tag-gyi-jug-pa in depth for over a month.
 
 	Later on, as well, the models he gave used only metered verse so that we could practice composition of poetic verse. To show our knowledge of which letters are to be conjoined with the various grammatical particles, he had us compose a poem using each letter of the alphabet in turn as the first letter of a line of verse, as an alphabet garland poem. Although it was my first effort, the precious Geshe was so pleased with the result that he composed a whole alphabet garland poem of his own to say ‘well done!’ that began, ‘With the good intelligence that has composed this alphabet garland, I am sincerely delighted, and not just saying it…’ 

 	That year I also repeated the lesson at Ganden by composing another model alphabet garland poem incorporating all of the beginning to advanced elements of grammar. When the instructions on grammar were finished, we moved to Sangpu for summer retreat.
 
 	Because I could draw images without much mistake, during the summer retreat, in the room of my class debate partner, Ngawang Lozang, I drew a picture of the six symbols of long life55 and the four harmonious friends56 with a placard with several verses below each of them. Under the picture of the four harmonious friends I wrote, 
 	
 	In a lake of praise exalting one who teaches 
 	The five fields extensively, Sarasvati’s swan joins the play. 
 	
 	Because it was becoming too meaninglessly boastful, Gän Sherab Rinpoche wrote a letter of reprimand to me, in a playful way, saying, 
 	
53 This included the Forty-two Vajra Garland Mandalas of the well distinguished tradition of the great master of the Land of the Aryas, Abhayakaragupta, also known as Jigme Jungne Zhab; and the Three Mandalas That Confer Bliss and Virtue, Deleg su Jepay Kyilkor  in the tradition elucidated by Pandita Darpan Acharya, also known as Droway Melong Zhab; Mirror of Beings, as it was taught by Kriya Samutsa. 
54 dbu ma rnying pa 
55 the old man of long life, the tree, rock, water, birds, and deer of longevity 
56 the partridge, hare, monkey, and elephant 
 	
 	21

 	
 	An ignoramus of the five dregs like me might be praised 
 	As someone who teaches the five fields extensively, 
 	
 	But when masters of the five fields reject what I have to say 
        I will have to give up claiming knowledge of the five fields! 
 	
 	Making jokes to familiarize yourself with humor, 
 	A son has been born who is greater than his mother! 
 	
 	I scribble this off by way of a pointed reminder 
 	To help increase your peerless qualities still more! 
 	
 	That year at the winter session, I moved into the Abhidharma class. There, I studied the scriptures of paramita and madhyamika, in addition to relying chiefly on the writings of Je Tsongkhapa and his disciples, and Panchen Sönam Dragpa, following Gän Rinpoche’s instructions, I also studied the writings of Je Gendun Drub, Kunkyen Jamyang Zhepa, and Jetsun Chökyi Gyältsän as much as I could. 

 	When I was seventeen, in the year of the fire snake, after the Prayer Festival at Drepung Hardong Tantric College, Kyabje Büldü Dorjechang gave the great initiation of Gandhapa Five Deity Heruka and the jenangs of Rinjung Gyatsa which Gän Rinpoche and I attended. We slept above Lubum Kangtsän in Gän Sherab Rinpoche’s bedroom. Because Ngaram Dampa had been slightly unwell after and during Mönlam, when I left for Drepung he came to see me off and gave me a great deal of plain-spoken, down-to-earth essence instructions and emotional heart-felt advice and I also cried uncontrollably when I left, stricken by the thought that I might never see him again. 

 	During the teachings at Drepung, on the seventeenth of the second month we heard that Ngaram Dampa had passed away, and the grief that everyone felt seemed unbearable. Ngaram Dampa had been born in the wood dragon year of the fourteenth sixty-year cycle in the Ayig Thango family in the village of Ala Ngödro Kä included in Sho, Tar and Lho of Barkam County.
 
 	He entered Arig Monastery and trained in recitation. After that he came to central Tibet and entered Drepung Gungru Kangtsän and after a few years entered Gyütö Tantric College and trained in depth in the performance of Tantric ritual. He became one of the Tantric ritual masters skilled in creation of sand mandalas, tormas, and so forth. He had touched the feet of many qualified Gurus such as Tatsag Yongzin Gedun Gyatso, a great scholar and yogi; Kagyurwa Lhotrul Ngawang Kyenrab Tänpay Wangchug; Gomang Känchen Kyenrab Tänpa Chöpel; Gungtrul Rinpoche Kyenrab Päldän Tänpay Nyima; and the previous Yongzin Ling Rinpoche Lozang Lungtog Tänzin Trinlä, and had received limitless initiations, transmissions and oral instructions. He was also a master of both the white and black, Indian and Chinese influenced, Tibetan astrological systems. 

 	For some time, at the advice of Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, he went to his homeland and performed the great retreat of Vajra Bhairava very definitively with preparation, performance, and conclusion complete. He then returned to central Tibet and rejoined the Tantric college. He had to be the Amdo Kangtsän teacher for a number of years and served the Tantric college with great altruism. He told me many stories, too many to write of here. 
 	
 	Then, when the previous Ganden Tripa Lozang Tsultrim Päldän was abbot of Gyütö Tantric College, he served as his manager all the way from that time through the time that he ascended to the golden throne and for the five years that he remained as Ganden Tripa. Unlike in later times, before the nineteen twenties, when a Lama became abbot of the Tantric College or Ganden Tripa, taking care of expenses for offerings to the general Sangha and all extra offerings that had to be made when they took those positions were the responsibility of their Labrang in each instance and were handled without hindrance. Even the veneration of the Sangha was done elaborately with high reverence, not carelessly or using the worst that is available; like the yellow part of the leaf or the blue part of the cheese! 
 	
 	After the previous Ganden Tripa passed away, it was Ngaram Dampa who continued to serve him, taking responsibility for all that had to be done, such as making offerings for the Lama’s passing, performing the cremation, and building his reliquary stupa at Ganden Yangpachen. From the time I was recognized as the Tulku, he took responsibility along with the previous Ganden Tripa’s nephew Ganden Chizur Legshä Gyatso and he was with me as my reading Teacher up until near the time he passed away. He treated me with kind care no different from that of a parent. As I said, he taught me reading, recitation, making of diagrams for ritual calculations, making of measurements and the coloring for Tantric mandalas, and the construction of three-dimensional Tantric mandalas. It goes without saying that he taught me the kangso protector rituals of the Tantric College, how to perform rituals, the way to hold mudras, and so forth. 

 	He taught me how to make the sixteen-cornered chag kar  wrathful torma, how to stack the nine yug gu throwing torma, even how to make the drug chu ma torma for Dharmaraja, the making of the sixteen sets of four yug gu and the reasons for why four offerings are made and so forth – in short, everything about the making of tormas and the reasons they are made the way they are. He taught me the procedures in each case of Tantric practice, the convening and dismissal of assemblies, even down to the various systems of officiating, only the purest experiential lineage practice without ever regarding any of it in a mundane way as ‘goods for sale’, and because he was always advising me in this regard, later when after I received my Geshe degree and focused on Tantric practice, I did not have to begin Tantric practice as a complete beginner like many Geshes, but I was already very familiar with Tantric practice. And not only that, when studying the Drag Yerpa Cave 57 teachings, I could draw the major lines of the mandalas and pass examinations given by the Abbot and Gurus on the dimensions of mandalas without difficulty and became someone who the younger Tantric students could consult to clear up their questions about practice. All this was due solely to the kindness of Ngaram Dampa and I feel inexpressibly indebted to him. To take the activities of one day for example, we would rise in the early dawn when the first rooster crowed and wash up. After recollecting the auspices of the day58 we would recite the mantra for blessing our speech and the ‘multiplier’ mantra. Then, with Ganden Lhagyema, we would recite hundreds of Migtsemas, hundreds of four line Refuge Prayers59, the sadhana of Vajra Bhairava Solitary Hero in connection with the recitation of one mala of Hundred-syllable Mantras. He would do a great deal of recitation of the Bhairava mantras, reciting them in a relaxed and slow manner, and when we came to the end, at the point after making the torma offering and arriving at the beginning of the 

57 Two hours drive Northeast of Lhasa. The ruins of the eleventh century Kadampa Monastery of Yerpa Drubde sits 100m below caves in the white cliffs. Caves include Tendrel Drubpuk associated with Atisha and the Kadampas, Chakna Dorje Puk which has a self-risen stone Vajrapani image, Jampa Lhakhang which used to have a famous 13th century image of Maitreya along with the Eight Bodhisattvas, below which are relief images of the Lords of the Three Families, Drubtob Puk the Mahasidhas cave, Chogyel Pug where King Songtsen Gampo meditated in the seventh century, once contained images of the king and Pelden Lhamo, Dawa Puk containing a sculpted image of Padmasambhava, a self-risen image of Ekajati, and stone footprints of Padmasambhava and his student Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje, Lhalung Puk where Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje hid before and after he assassinated the apostate king Langdarma, and Neten Lhakhang constructed by Lu-me in 1011, formerly containing images of Buddha Shakyamuni surrounded by the Sixteen Arhats. Below Neten Lhakhang is a stone throne used by Atisha and a charnel ground. 
58 Time of month, whether it is a religious holiday, and so forth. 
59 (Tibetan) 
 	Lama la kyab su chi wo 
 	Sangye la kyab su chi wo 
 	Cho la kyab su chi wo 
 	Gedun la kyab su chi wo 
 	
 	I go for refuge in Guru, 
 	go for refuge in Buddha, 
 	go for refuge in Dharma, 
 	go for refuge in Sangha 
 	
 	(Sanskrit) 
 	NAMO GURUBYA 
 	NAMO BUDDHAYA 
 	NAMO DHARMAYA 
 	NAMO SANGHAYA 
 	
 	23
 	
Dharmaraja ritual, he would go on to perform the complete extensive Dharmaraja ritual with visualization, the long and short fulfillment and confession rituals with praises during which time he would have me make a hundred water-bowl offerings. For my sake he would do the long-life White Tara practice, offer the Torma Shaka Tubma with hundreds of hand-printed tormas, with  
surupa  and sur burnt offerings. It was only after finishing all of this that he would have tea and some breakfast. Then he would examine me on my reading and Dharma recitations. When it was appropriate to begin new instructions, he would perform extensive ablutions in connections with recitations of Jorcho Preliminary Practice, Thubtän Lhunpo’i Tzegyän, make many mandala offerings for accumulations; make hundreds of prostrations with Confession of Downfalls60. 
 	
 	Next, he would perform the sadhana of Secret Hayagriva solitary system and as he was reciting the root mantra five thousand times daily, without fail, he would take little strolls through the Chuzang debate courtyard or wherever we were, to check up on everything. 
 	
 	At noon he would recite the  Three Jewels Recollection Sutra and then have lunch. After throwing out the hand-printed tormas he would perform Vajradaka fire puja. With the offering of the first portion, he would imprint hundreds of small Buddha images, all the while praying to the Guru inseparable from Mahakala with the Choying Taläma recitation. He would recite one mala of Samayavajra’s mantra, the Shambhala Prayer, and then for my sake he would recite the Prayer of the Sixteen Arhats, my long life prayer, the Hayagriva harm-averting ritual Namgyel Tobkyi Tsöncha, the Peak Forces Ornament Dharani, and the Dispeller of Darkness of the Ten Directions Sutra.  With perfect pronunciation, he would recite the complete twelve chapters of the Guyasamaja Root Tantra, the first chapter of the Heruka Root Tantra, and the entire Condensed Prajnaparamita Sutra. 
 	
 	At that point he would go for circumambulation on the Chuzang Retreat Lingkor. After having had evening tea, to help me in my work, he would perform the sadhana and mantra recitiation of Five-Deity Secret Kurukulla. Then finally after doing recitation and meditation of Kyung Nag Meyi Putri, Black Garuda Razor of Fire,  he would recite about three thousand MANI mantras. Every morning and evening, we each did our own Six-Session Guru Yoga. Whether on the third or ninth day of each month, we performed the extensive Drugchuma torma offering to Dharmaraja and, on the full moon, new moon, and eighth day of each month, Ngaram Dampa would arrange to give me command protection ablution61 alternating between using the Hayagriva and Vajravidaran systems. 

 	In his daily recitations of ritual and scripture his voice was always unhurried, clear and correct and because this is what I would hear continually, my mind was most always at peace.
 
 	When he sat with the Tantric College practitioners, even reciting something like Guyasamaja, he could chant along with them in perfect unison without standing out. When he resided in Lhasa and at Ganden, he would begin Hayagriva mantra recitation in the morning and then circumambulate on the lingkor as he kept on reciting the mantra. Again, although Ngaram Dampa had no title of Geshe or Karam from the monastery, he had received extensive teachings of Sutra and Tantra including initiations, transmissions, and instructions from many qualified Gurus, and as I said before, in his samaya he seemed to have no ordinary competitiveness, never presenting himself as a great yogi who had done retreat. 
 	
 	Even in the political realm, he wisely distinguished between what was essential and otherwise and took deep responsibility for his commitments, a great elder with wisdom rivaling that of Brahma. Even when he bore responsibilities such as being the resident Teacher at Amdo Kangtsän of Gyütö Tantric College, all of the Tantric College by consensus considered him greater than others. Taking our house as an example, after the previous Ganden Tripa had passed away, although various people from the local Chatreng Monastery area and the monastic university, from both within and without, sought opportunity to falsely deny us with calculated accusations, like the supreme of mountains, he remained immovable, self-sufficiently taking care of the Labrang and making sure that all was well. 
 	
60 ltung bshags 
61 byab khrus ( jab trü) 
 	
 	24
 	
 	When he was approaching the end of his life and was ill, he took Mahayana Precepts Sojong every day and would only drink milk and no coarse food. In addition to having them make new power objects especially for the cremation of his remains, he gave those who would be the cremation attendants, Chatreng Nyitso Trinlä, and Tzongzur Legshä, many instructions as to how to handle his remains. For a full year before his death, every night before going to sleep he meditated on powa, sending his consciousness like a shooting star to the Pure Lands; in summary, he was in all ways a fully qualified Spiritual Guide. On the seventeenth day of the second month of the year of the fire snake, when he was seventy-four, he passed away. After the Ganachakra offering, at Drepung Hardong Tantric College, we received from Büldü Dorjechang the great initiation of Secret Hayagriva, the Zurka Gyatsa jenangs, commentary on the Fifty Verses of Guru Devotion, the Twenty Verses on the Vows  and the root and secondary vows of Tantra. 
 	
 	When I turned eighteen, in the first year of the earth horse, Tzöpa Tzongzur Legshä Gyatso became seriously ill and no treatment would reverse the progress of the sickness until he passed away on the first day of the third month of the year. 

 	In the meantime, Chizur handled responsibility for our household. Although Gän Rinpoche and I had trained in nothing but Dharma and lacked any experience in administration, since Gän Rinpoche did not have too heavy a load of students Chizur suddenly gave Gän Rinpoche and I responsibility for administration of the house. When we took inventory of the manager’s house documents and items, the money at hand was less than a hundred silver coins, and because Ngaram Dampa’s final illness had been a long one, everything was about to run out. There was only about two half loads of butter and one or two bricks of tea left in storage so everything necessary for taking care of his passing had to be accomplished by borrowing from others. 

 	Chizur was someone who had knowledge of the outside world and he always took everyone into consideration, so he had kept everything organized. There were many outstanding debts, of which he had kept close records, which, in addition to having not been repaid, each such as that from the Tseshö62 office, were accumulating interest each month. When we added up all of the notations that were recorded in a little black book, it came to 294 tamdo63 and included an additional six silver tamdo that were borrowed for cremation preparations and so forth, it came to a total of 300 tamdo of debt. 

 	At that time in Tibet, in general, silver was extremely rare, and compared to later times after the Red Chinese had occupied Tibet, at that time owing three hundred tamdo of silver seemed to us like owing 30,000 tamdo! It was an extremely heavy responsibility. It was quite a difficult time with lots of arguments over the cost of expenditures on various things like barley, tea, cloth and so forth. And when Ngaram Dampa had handed the managerial responsibilities over to Tzongzur Legshe, Legshe had heavy expenditures during the Lhasa Water Mouse year fighting with the Chinese army and, with no way to return, covering the offerings that I had to make before and after entering Dharma, taking examinations, and so forth. Apart from three nomad families who were supporting me, I had nothing, not even a plot of ground as big as your palm. Although I received the continued support of the three families, it went to supporting all of our residents and their relations. As Je Milarepa has said, 
 	
 	Thunder and lightning and southern clouds, 
 	Arise from nowhere else but space 
 	And disappear nowhere else but space; 
 	They are all self-arising and self-dissolving. 
 	
 	Rainbows and mists and fog, 
 	Arise in the sky itself 
 	And dissolve into the sky itself; 
 	
 	They are all self-arising and self-dissolving. 
 	
62 rtse shod, top and bottom, Amounts 
63 tam rdo 
 	
 	25

 	It was like that; the Labrang was impressive outside but empty inside like a shaman drum stripped bare. When I resided at the monastery, except for at the time of the Great Prayer Festival in Lhasa, I had only an upper robe with five or six patches, and a zän,  similarly patched, that I had to wear. We lived on a daily fare of tsampa and a few vegetables, so when there was no call for Geshe or other official ceremonies, or rituals to be done, in the evenings it seemed like happiness had disappeared. 

 	When personal offerings were made, such as at funeral rites, I would secretly keep aside a few coins so that when we stayed in Lhasa I could send out my attendant Lhabu a few times to buy some mog-mogs from a restaurant. A few times we got them easily enough from an acquaintance at the college, but I had to eat them out of sight of my manager. At that time, money was scarce and food was expensive. I would buy some of the Yardrog nomad’s dried mutton that the traders had available, early on at a price of three päshag zho  a sheep’s quarter, and later on at price of five zho and I had to eat it in hiding. In terms of living circumstances, we were at subsistence level. At Lhasa Monlam and at Ganachakra gatherings, some of the Sera and Drepung lamas and tulkus were admired as impressive but everyone had it rather hard at that time. Geshe Ben said, 

       Before, my mouth didn’t find mood. 
       Now, food doesn’t find my mouth! 
 	
 	Likewise, the fact that we don’t just experience misfortune in this life is only the kindness of the Virtuous Spiritual Guide! 
 	
 	That year when I went to Sangpu for summer retreat, at the urging of one monk of Ganden Shartse Dokam Kangtsän, I gave a reading transmission of the Eight-Thousand Verse Prajnaparamita Sutra to a Sangha of eighty monks. I had already memorized the root Abhidharma text some years earlier but, for mastery of the meaning that accords with the words, I was studying Sera Mey Gyälwang Choje’s Abhidharma text which is very explicit and draws from Je Gendun Drub, the First Dalai Lama’s Abhidharma commentary, Tharlam Sälje, Illuminator of the Path to Liberation; and was also studying in detail Chimjam Yangpa’s Abhidharma commentary, and because I was applying myself to this study I could instantly quote lines of commentary to the root text in all of Abhidharma’s eight chapters. 

 	At that time, there was a worker of Ganden Shartse’s abbot named Nyagre Lodrö Chöpel, whom Ganden Serkong Dorjechang praised as one of his best disciples. Out of his great consideration to him and to Gän Rinpoche and myself, Kän Rinpoche, the precious abbot, specially moved up the Lharampa Geshe examination to be earlier that year, the year of the earth sheep. At that time, there had not been a title of Geshe Dorampa or Lingsepa in the college and no Vinaya class necessarily required from Abhidharma, but in order for me to study Vinaya, the abbot made an exception and shifted Vinaya class to summer retreat. Because I had already memorized the summary of Vinaya composed by Sera Mey Sharchen, I recited the summary of important points from the root commentary as I attended the class. In this way I studied the Vinaya scripture during summer retreat and, in accordance with previous tradition, I took my comprehensive examination on Vinaya in the great assembly and my examination on Abhidharma for the college at the same time. 
 	
 	The chanting for the conjoined Protector pujas and other recitations on important holidays would alternate year by year between the two colleges and this year the uncommon chant melodies of Ganden Shartse were being used. Because I had great appreciation for the chant melodies of the Protector Puja and other chanting, and there had to be a new notation written out for some of the chanting that was different from previous Kangso and other chant melodies so, as urged by the delegates of the college, I wrote them out by hand, with a colophon I composed at the end. 
 	
 	The night of Ganden Ngamchö, in the great assembly of Ganden, I was examined in both discourse for Dorampa level and in dialectical debate. I recited about thirty pages of Drang-nge Leg-she Nying-po,  Essence of Eloquence of the Provisional and Definitive,  and in both the great assembly hall and the debate courtyard I was examined for two days at each place with various 
26
 	
students of both Ganden Shartse and Ganden Jangtse throwing debates at me and I was able to answer well enough not to disgrace my Gurus. One of my Dharma companions who received Dorampa degree at that time from Tsawa house of Ganden Jangtse, a Geshe Chödän was an excellent scholar and kind person whom the previous Dalai Lama later appointed to be abbot of Ganden Jangtse. 
 	
 	On the day of the Dorampa examination, a messenger came on horseback from the Dalai Lama’s Norbulingka Palace with an order that all those who were engaging in the public dialectical examination for Lharam and Tsogram Geshe degrees that year, the year of the earth sheep, must come for examination in the Norling Kälzang Palace at noon in two days. So the next day Gän Rinpoche and I, with our Dharma companion Ngawang Lozang, went by way of Shätsöl and arrived in Lhasa in one day and went to the Norlbulingka residence at noon the next day. 

 	Previously, up to that time, those who stand for the Geshe Lharampa degrees had been named by the abbots of the individual monastic seats but this time, rather than leaving the status quo alone, without real precedent for having the authority to do so, the government declared a special debate examination. The Geshes from that year, the year before my examination, all suddenly came for debate examination at the Norbulingka Palace and the abbots of the monastic seats were summoned to the site of the debate and were told that among that year’s Geshes, there appeared to be some who were not qualified for the Lharampa degree but that since this was the first time that the debate examination would be held at the Norbulingka an exception would be made and degrees would be left as they were. However, they did not say that starting next year onwards, anyone who could not hold their own amongst the best Geshe students would have their Geshe titles revoked. After word came down that even the abbots were being criticized, for two days before the debate examination began, there was a good deal of trepidation and anxiety. 

 	At the actual debate examination, in the Sunlight residence of the Norbulingka Palace, the important guest Tänpa Dargyä was present to witness the debate, and Deyang Tsänshab Rinpoche came to give the examination. The Dalai Lama himself looked out at times from the curtained door of his residence above, listening and watching inconspicuously. Those presenting debates were not allowed to simply choose their prepared subject for debate and, instead, Deyang Tsänzhab Rinpoche chose what scriptural reference or precept had to be debated and from what point. Some Geshes who were unsure of themselves paced back and forth as they waited. 
 	
 	Although the subjects of debate were unfixed, repeating some subjects and then skipping ahead to others, as if ordained by fate, I remained un-refuted, and when theories were presented, whether I chose to say that I could accept them or not, I was not blind-sided or confounded by any arguments that were presented. Yet after the examination was over, I returned to Ganden with my mind wondering what was going to happen. Four of our Geshe companions, Dokang Samling Batar, Sera Mey Pomra Ratag, Sera Jey Dänma Tulku, and Gomang Uchu Muchin, the Mongolian Hotogtu, were told to stay in Lhasa and await the results which would not yet be decided for about one month. Afterwards, Hotogtu was fined ten gold coins, Dänma Tulku, five gold coins, and Sermä Ratag and Gashar Batar were fined one gold coin each and just managed to retain their Geshe degrees.
 
 	Geshe Batar’s Geshe ceremony was held during the second winter Dharma session. In the waxing moon cycle of the eleventh month, during the first winter session, in the great assembly hall, he offered two services of tea to the whole assembly and hot rice soup with two Tibetan tam coins for each monk. At Ganden Shartse Dratsang, he also offered all of the monks two teas and hot rice soup. He offered each bikshu a khatak and a washcloth and two white coins minted by the Ganden Podrang Government, and one ancient yang tam good-fortune coin. To the whole assembly, he offered three brocade tangkas of the three Long-Life Deities and, for the great Protector fulfillment and restoration ceremony, a good large pair of bub cymbals, with their storage case, to be played by the chant-leader. In Dokang Kangtsän he served tea for the gathering and noodle soup with individual offerings to the monks that were the same as those made at the Dratsang. In addition, for everyone, he offered a large chief object of veneration, a five-eyed silver butter lamp, and an offering of four female yaks, drimo, brought from east Dechen Balam region. 
 	
 	27

 	To those at Dokang Samling he made offerings similar to those at the Kangtsän and some extra offerings at the New Year’s ceremonies. At Ganden Jangtse Dratsang he offered tea and two white tam coins to each monk. At Serkong Kangtsän and to the people of Samling, he made distributions similar to those at Jangtse Dratsang. Thus, he followed the procedures in accordance with previous tradition, as he had to take Geshe examination in the debate courtyard of Shartse College for two days and was called for examination at Dokang, Sogpa, Ganden Jangtse Lubum, Gyälrong, and Trehor Kangtsän’s. Once the ceremonies were concluded at Ganden, they made offerings at Chötri Dratsang and Zim Kangshar Dratsang so they were not omitted, at least. On the eighth day of the twelfth month, at Drepung Monastery, the Lharampa Geshes received their rankings with representatives of the Dalai Lama, a government functionary and an abbot present. 

 	Gän Yongzin Dampa went as our representative, and the examination was set for the sixth day of the first month. 
 	
 	When I was nineteen, in the year of the earth sheep, at the Great Prayer Festival, I was to take my Lharampa Geshe examination, so I went in the first line of the festival for audience with the Dalai Lama at the Norbulingka Palace on the third day of the year. On the day of the sixth of the first month was the day of the actual examination. There were three gatherings. In the first gathering I had to present the five root scriptures and, in the morning on Pramana, at midday, on Madhyamaka and Paramita, and in the evening, on Vinaya and Abhidharma, I had to answer debate challenges. While I would not say that I sustained such pure motivations as renunciation, bodhicitta, and so forth throughout the entire examination, without pollution of such bad motivations as fear and expectation or boastful pride, I gave straightforward answers. I explained what I understood with honesty, without pretending to see or understand things that I didn’t, yet with many of the best students of Sera and Drepung Monasteries throwing debates at me I was never confounded or stuck for answers. Early on the day of the seventh, I made offerings at the Ganden general assembly, at the two Dratsangs individually, and to the groups at the Kangtsäns. 

 	That day, at the evening tea of the Great Prayer Festival, I offered tea to the gathering and a tam coin to everyone. 
 	
 	Quite a large number of well-wishers with whom I had connections also came, offering khataks to congratulate me on the results of the examinations and Gän Rinpoche, Geshe Sherab Rinpoche, and many other Geshes, Dharma companions, and students with whom I was connected to or acquainted with were happily saying, ‘The examination yesterday went very well!’ 
 	
 	As I said before, we had large household debts so, to celebrate the as yet unknown results, we had to take offering bowls, a serkyem set, and a few other silver implements, a six-inch gau Zeu Lhakhang golden amulet box, and some fabric from the time of the previous master to sell to pay for the distributed offerings of money, cost of rice, and so on, and it turned out to be just enough to cover the expenses for the ceremonial offerings. In addition, the butter offered from east Dechen Balam was almost enough and we made up the rest by borrowing a little more from others; in this way, we covered my Geshe ceremony expenses without going into much further debt. 
 	
 	During the Prayer Festival, the day’s activities from morning to noon to night included the morning public debate between tea service and Ganachakra offerings, Teachings, then the midday public debate and evening public debate, applying relevant commentaries to their respective root texts, and so forth, following all of the ancient traditions well. There was a tradition that after the Prayer Festival torma had been thrown, the Geshes would go to the residence of the Lhasa Labrang and, in audience with the Dalai Lama, the best debaters would receive their awards and rankings, but this year, since the Dalai Lama was in a long Yamantaka retreat, the government had us Geshes and the two abbots come for audience at the Norbulingka. There, in the Norbulingka ‘Sunlight’ residence, Tse Kändrung Cenmo read the list of the rankings. First place went to the Drepung Gomang Hardong’s Mongolian Borä Tuwa Thubtän Nyingpo, and Drepung Loseling’s Minyag Tashi Tongdü.64 Second place went to Sera Jey Hardong’s Mongolian Gönpo Tsering and Ganden Jangtse’s Trehor Tau Tsewang Gönpo. Third place went to Drepung Loseling’s Demo Tulku 

64 He later became Ganden Tripa, ascending to the golden throne in 1995. 
 	
 	28
 	
Rinpoche and myself. Those who were ranked lined up in order of ranking, and those without ranking, in order of ordination seniority. Because the Hotogtu had not placed in the ranking, his throne, with its backrest and so forth, had been set up at the end of the line of the six of us, near the door, which was an unprecedented sort of oddity! Everyone received tea and rice and those who had received the top rankings were given congratulatory awards. Demo Rinpoche and I, for our third place ranking, received Dharma robes, zän robes, yellow hats, silk  khataks, and two bricks of tea as awards. 
 	
 	In this way I just barely managed not to embarrass myself before the scholars in the public debate and questioning. Yet it seems to me that if one does not apply great effort over a long period of time acquainting oneself with the meaning of the scriptures through detailed analysis, and really impress their meaning upon one’s mind, if one is lazy and relies solely upon one’s intellectual ability to understand, it will only last as long as it is tested in debate, and as the years pass it will fade away like a rainbow and remain afterwards as no more than a remembered dream. 
 	
 	After the Prayer Festival public debates were over, like the Arhats who declared, ‘I have completed the work! I shall experience no further rebirth after this life!’ for some days we relaxed and rested. Afterwards, in the time between prayers and assemblies, when Geshe Sherab Gyatso again went to the Norbulingka to proofread the printing of the Kangyur, I went with him every day and received instructions on the Root Text On Poetry and the third chapter instructions on the basis of Sarasvati’s Song Of Joy Commentary. When he was teaching ‘signs of direct perception’ thanks to his using only verses of metaphor and my having gained some familiarity with the subject, I would immediately offer spontaneously composed verses of metaphor back to him. Although I intended to eventually study the first and last chapters with him as well, it was left aside because of the schedule at the tantric college and having to attend other teachings. 
 	
 	With the addition of the ngäl shöl65 month, in the second month of the year of the earth sheep, on the day of Ganachakra gathering, I was called to the Norbulingka Kälzang Palace and, with the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama Jetsun Ngawang Lozang Thubtän Gyatso Jigdräl Wangchug, the all-victorious, glorious and excellent acting as both abbot and master, Deyang Tsänzhab Rinpoche Tänzin Trinlä Özer acting as Revealer of Secrets 66,  Namdra Dükor Lobpön Jampa Sönam acting as timekeeper, Jangtse Chöje Drepung Loseling Trehor Jampa Chödrag and Sharpa Chöje Sera Jey Lawa Lozang Gyältsän67, and so forth, in the center of a Sangha gathering of ten abbots and masters, I received the vows of a Bikshu. 
 	
 	I would like to explain something at this point. From the time I first came to Gän Rinpoche’s room until I entered the Tantric college, we would rise in the early dawn and recite together, for longevity, Ganden Lhagyäma, Expression of the Names of Manjusri,68 and Yamantaka sadhana. After finishing the recitations, until breakfast was ready, I would always memorize at least one and a half pages of a long page style text of whatever philosophical text I was currently studying. After morning tea, in accordance with each of the four seasonal sessions at the monastery, I would go to the morning session in the debate courtyard and the evening Tara Ritual Puja69 and debate session in the courtyard every day without fail, remaining discussing the teachings for a long time, usually past ten o’clock. 

 	Between morning assembly and mid-day debate session assembly I had to either go for instruction from Gän Rinpoche or continue my study in discussion with my Dharma companion Ngawang Lozang or others. It was so cold during the winter session that every year my ears and hands would be injured and crack open and drip with pus, I was never bothered by it and always went to every debate session. 
 	
 65 Mngal bshol, ‘pregnancy postponement’. 
 66 gsang ston 
67 Both this and the previous lama both became Ganden Tripas. 
68 Translated with Sanskrit and Tibetan phonetics as Chanting the Names of Manjusri, Alex Wayman, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 41 U.A. Bungalow Road, Jawahar Nagar, Delhi 110 007. 
69 Tara Praises, (the Twenty-one Taras 45 times before, nowadays, ten times) and other recitations done in assembly by the monks as a puja for elimination of obstacles to their study and training in tsän nyi,  logic and dialectics. 
 	
 	29

 	Between terms and in Lhasa, after morning class, Gän Rinpoche would go for circumambulation on the ling kor. When I was young it was a chance to play and draw pictures and such. When Gän Rinpoche was nearly back from his circumambulation, from close by or the table in front of me there would always come a quite loud knocking sound so that if I quickly collected my toys and pretended to be studying my text, I could avoid being scolded by Gän Rinpoche when he returned. Because this would happen, I could relax and play until the knocking sound occurred. 

 	That one named Gyalchen Dorje Shugden has cared for me like a loving mother, countless times, even when I was a child at play. Between terms and when staying in Lhasa, etc. once night had fallen, I had to come out and do recitation until ten or eleven o’clock. At that time, if I did not remember words of the scripture or missed them, fell asleep, or was unclear in my pronunciation, when I came back in I would get a rain of Gän Rinpoche’s scolding and beating. 
 	
 	Until the first year of Madhyamaka class, every year, at the great winter session, the students would have to offer their memorized recitation before the precious abbot of the Dratsang and if their memorization reached a thousand pages they would be given first place awards. There was two or three years that I received these awards as well. 
 	
 	I always had a Nartang edition of the Kangyur in my room in Lhasa. In addition to that, in the year of the water mouse when there was fighting in Lhasa with the Chinese army and Tängyä Ling Dratsang was destroyed, the government had entrusted many of their holy scriptures and a complete hand written copy of the Tängyur to Ganden Monastery which, for many years, was also kept in my room. Because of this, when I was thirteen and had just received transmission of the Kangyur, I began reading it, starting with the thirteen volumes of Vinaya transmission, and enjoyed this so immensely that I eventually read the entire Kangyur and over half of the Tängyur including sections such as the Collection of Praises and various subjects of Sutra and Tantra. Apprehensive that I might be scolded by Gän Rinpoche, I would hide half of a volume of scripture in the altar by the head of my bed and when Gän Rinpoche had gone out as well as most every night, after I was finished doing recitation of the scriptures I had memorized and Gän Rinpoche had gone to bed, I would silently read forty or fifty pages of scriptures in bed by the light of a lamp. Furthermore, in Lhasa and at Chuzang Retreat, I read all of Je Rinpoche and his Disciples’ collected works and the collected works and life stories of many Lamas such as those of various Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas, and miscellaneous writings in various fields of Sutra and Tantra. I read so widely that it became almost as if there was no volume that I had left unread. I kept up such occasional reading until going to Chatreng in the year of the wood mouse and when I was in Kham and when I came back to central Tibet, I continued reading the earlier and later works of many Lamas of non-partisan tenets. As said in the Hundred Verses Of Wisdom,70 

 	Knowledge left in the scriptures, 
 	
 	Secret mantra that is not practiced, 

 	Training that is done by the forgetful, 
 	
 	Most of these will fail in time of need! 
 	
 	Likewise, like a child watching the show in the temple, any trace of my reading and contemplating these scriptures are now nothing but a relative of the proverbial horn of a rabbit! 
 	
 	After the Geshe assemblies and pujas I entered glorious Gyütö Tantric College and then went to the spring session at the Gyütö Chudar College there in central Tibet and from Precious Abbot Sera Mey Gyälrong Lozang Tsöndrü received the transmission of the four combined commentaries on Guyasamaja. When the spring session was over I went to summer session at Ganden, to the Lhasa Great Torma Ritual71 and Offering of Practice,72 and to the Dharma session at Sera Monastery. In the course of that, during the seventh month of the year, at the traditional Tantric College late summer session at Drag Yerpa, I attended all that was required of the new 

70 Shes rab brgya pa 
71 gtor chhen 
72 sgrub mchhod 
 	
 	30
 	
Geshes, the debate examination, seven days of training in mandala dimensions, and the three days of Tig Chen,  or  Great Lines  examination before the abbots and lamas. During the Tig Chen, as in prior times, an abbot and lama instructed the Geshes about the symbolism of the two and three dimensional mandalas of Guyasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka, and ritual assistants received colored mandala sand. As is traditional, the beginners were asked questions about the three dimensional mandalas and others and, because I was there in front of all the Geshes I had to answer questions but thanks to the kindness of Ngaram Dampa, I was able to answer them all directly. 
 	
 	At Yerpa we had teachings on the four combined Guyasamaja commentaries, Heruka Root Tantra and the Illumination of the Hidden Meaning73 Commentary. That was the time that a nephew of my predecessor, Rigzin, Latsab Geshe, and two members of Gyütö, a party of four that Tzongzur Legshä had sent out a number of years earlier towards Torgod Mongolia for collection of offerings returned. But after dividing the amount they had left over by four, after paying back the principal and interest for their original supplies, they had not been able to accomplish anything more than their own support. It was at that time that Gän Rinpoche and I handed over to Rigzin all responsibility for handling the affairs of the house. After the Yerpa session concluded, we proceeded on for the autumn session in Lhasa, the Tse Dharma session, and the winter session at Ganden. 
 	
 	When I was twenty in the year of the iron monkey, after the Prayer Festival was over, I went to the Tantric College session at Kyormolung. In the earlier tradition of the Tantric College, when tulkus first entered the great assembly of the Tantric College, for three days they would remain like new ordinary monks and have to go to all gatherings and debate sessions. Then, after three days they have to make an elaborate tea offering called the ne ja74  to the college officials, and a distribution of offerings to the general Sangha. From that time onwards they move to their official position in the assembly and can ask to be excused from assemblies and so forth, similar to what is normally permitted to ex-officials in the College. Even though I was permitted to do this, it was a year before I ever had to ask to be excused from a single session and I attended every assembly and teaching no differently than any other ordinary monk. This made the Tantric College and practitioners very happy. How I had adhered to the discipline of the program even became an example that they would later mention to tulkus who entered the college. 
 	
 	That year, when I went to the winter session at Ganden, requested by Geshe Gedun from Mili, I offered about three hundred monks in Dokang Kangtsän the reading transmission of the three volume Migtsema Collection and Tashi Lhunpo’s Tantric Ritual Prayer Book. 
 	
 	Since I had no permanent residence after entering Gyütö Tantric College and following its program and then attending teachings at Chuzang Retreat, at the request of Gän Rinpoche’s many students from both Jangtse and Shartse colleges of Ganden Monastery, all the way up until he passed away, we went to Ganden every year for summer retreat and great winter Dharma session and otherwise, during both spring and fall, we stayed at my room in Lhasa. 
 	
 	When I was twenty-one, in the spring of the year of the iron bird, at Chuzang Retreat, I received from Kyabchog Dorjechang Phabongkhapa the blessing of the four initiations of Vajrayogini’s sindhura mandala and the profound instructions on the generation and completion stages, and jenangs of the Thirteen Golden Dharmas of the Sakyas, the Thirteen Pure Visions of Tagpu,75 the Manjusri cycle of teachings, the Close Lhodrag Lineage, and the Fifteen Vaishravana Teachings. 

 	From the third of the latter seventh month of Shölda until the sixth of the eighth month of the year, at Tagdrag Retreat, ninety seven Geshes such as Dragyab Obom Togdän Jamyang Lodrö, together with a large entourage, received from a group of the most exalted high Lamas76 the sixty-

73 sbas don kun gsal 
74 sne ja 
75 stag phu’i dag snang bchu gsum 
76 These lamas included a second Buddha Vajradhara founder of the Tantric teachings Tagdrag Tritrul Rinpoche Ngawang Sungrab Tutob Tänpay Gyältsän Päl Zangpo, a group of twenty-one lamas and tulkus including Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa Pälzangpo Chog, Kyabdag Kagyurwa Chenpo Lozang Döndän, Gomang Kangsar Dorjechang, 

31
 	
five great initiations of the uncommon Mitra mandalas out of the One Hundred and Eight Mandalas Well Laid-out By Mitrajogi. Each morning an initiation of one of the lower classes of tantra was conferred and each evening, an initiation of unexcelled highest yoga tantra, so two initiations were given each day. The preparations for the initiations of each of the four classes of tantra were all conducted in full, without any abbreviations made for the sake of convenience; everything was received completely in accordance with the tradition of the sacred lineage holders. 
 	
 	That year, because of a dispute over a treasurer appointment at Drepung Loseling Monastery, at the urging of a few unofficial misinformed monks, quite a large number of monks gathered below the window of the Norbuling Palace and were making prostrations and shouting from above the balcony. It was out of keeping with disciplined tradition and when the Dalai Lama, with an aspect of having been crossed, wrathfully summoned the ringleaders, one named Nyagre Gyao, Bearded Nyagre, was said to have escaped and hid in the Tölung area. Some government soldiers went to hunt for him in the Taglung caves and even once the teachings had commenced some of the bearded men in attendance were very afraid that soldiers might suspect them and come to arrest them. 
 	
 	Between sessions at that time I received from Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa the Ngag Tu77, Mantra Gathering, jenang of Vajrayogini and instructions on peaceful and wrathful drugchuma torma of Dharmaraja. After returning to Chuzang from Tagdrag Reatreat, as requested by the lady Lhalü Lhacham Yangtzom Tsering, in the Dharma courtyard of Nyangdrän Chuzang Retreat, over a thousand people, lay and ordained and headed by a Sangha of lamas and tulkus received many great teachings from that embodiment of all Refuges, actual Lozang Tubwang Dorjechang, Je Pabongkapa the great. Starting from the thirtieth day of the eighth month, for twenty-four days, we received Lamrim teachings of the Jampäl Shäl Lung, Teachings of Manjusri, central lineage, as well as those of the southern lineage and the Nyurlam Martri, the Swift Path Explicit Instructions.  The fortunate beings in attendance received detailed extensive experiential instructions on the path to enlightenment on the basis of these three commentaries combined, and the ritual conferral of aspirational and engaging bodhisattva vows. 
 	
 	When Lama Dorjechang was teaching he said, 
 	
 	‘This is vast and profound for those of discriminating wisdom, Yet easy to understand and remember for those of lesser intelligence.’ 
 	
 	Thus, because of his skillful mode of exposition, it was easy for everyone to understand, regardless of their respective level of intelligence. Because he taught on the basis of experience, without high-sounding words so that everyone could understand, it made this spoiled unruly mind of mine that was like a wild stallion let loose in the mountains, enter the straightforward path of Dharma. I could never repay that kindness even if I carried the debt continuously on the crown of my head until the attainment of enlightenment. 
 	
 	At that time there were some rough notes of the teachings that Dagyab Dong Gong Tulku had taken which, up to the invitation of the merit field for Jor Chö,  the  Preliminary Practice Ritual, Kyabchog Dorjechang himself had checked and corrected. At the urging of many interested parties, I compiled the notes of the rest of the Lamrim  teachings that preceded and followed it, and made additions from my slight ascertainment of the teachings that had been given as suitable, and this is what has been printed and published nowadays as Namdröl Lagchang, Liberation In Our Hands.  
 	
 	Chagong Bemda Tulku and Laka Tulku were both coming from Chatreng and had left their home regions at the same time, but emissaries from Bemda Tulku and his group had been sent ahead to petition the Dalai Lama to be able to proceed to take over Trijang Labrang in Lhasa as the rightful incarnation ‘like a bird entering its nest or a sword going into its scabbard,’ and he and the rest of his party had to wait for a response for over a month in Amdo. Laka Tulku left ahead of Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kälzang, Ön Gyälsä Rinpoche, Tsawa Özer Tulku, Tri Ngawang Norbu Rinpoche, and Ganden Jangtse Tridag Rinpoche. 

77 sngags btu’i rje gnang 
 	
 	32
 	
 	Bemda Tulku and came to my residence at Chuzang Retreat. He told me that I must be his teacher when he was at Ganden and I agreed. After the Lamrim teachings were over and I came to Lhasa, my arrival at the Mindröl  bridge on the northeast sector of the Lingkor happened to coincide with the moment of Bemda Tulku and his party’s first arrival in Lhasa as they were met by Sera Mey Pomra Geshe Dapön. The possibility of that happening seemed as likely as the proverbial sea turtle surfacing with its neck inside the golden yoke; it was the strangest thing! 
 	
 	When the answer to Bemda Tulku’s petition came back saying, ‘The real Trijang Tulku, as recognized in accordance with indications and in actuality, entered and studied at Ganden Monastic University, and even attained the Geshe Lharampa degree. He is presently enrolled in the curriculum of glorious Gyütö Tantric College. It is not at all appropriate for you to take over Trijang Labrang! Enter whichever monastery determined by your parental ancestry!’ Because this was the answer, the Tulku entered Sera Mey Dratsang. The Tulku’s relative, a humble ‘Geshe Yeshe’ who came back to his home region after the Tulku had passed away, gave me copies of a number of similar petitions that he had presented to the Ta Lama both before and after that one, and asked me to forgive him for having created so much meaningless trouble in the past. 

 	After the Lamrim teaching was finished, I rested for some days and then, once again, from Kyabchog Dorjechang at Chuzang Retreat with sixty people, found myself so fortunate as to receive teachings on that practice which has been left to us by the millions of supreme siddhas and treasured by the Vajrayoginis, the ultimate most secret of secret tantras, glorious Gantapa system of Chakrasamvara outer Five-Deity Initiation and the Gantapa Heruka body mandala initiation followed by the profound commentary on the generation and completion stages of Heruka body mandala practice as well as the instructions on the Six Yogas Of Naropa, and after the teachings were dismissed at night, a few of us had a review session and received detailed instructions on such things as the physical exercises to be practiced in connection with the Six Yogas. One night we were all practicing holding the vase breath  with the precious Lama, doing the physical exercises. 

 	Everything was very peaceful and quiet when someone in the back loudly released some flatulence! 

 	The Lama and everyone broke into laughter and had to take a break for a little while. 

 	When I was twenty-two, in the year of the water dog, after the Prayer Festival, following the instructions of the great Dalai Lama, at the Lhasa Meru78 Assembly Hall, supreme Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa gave transmission of the commentary of the middle-length Lamrim  with about four thousand people in attendance. We went to attend. When the Ganachakra offering was over, Kyabdag Tagpu Dorjechang Lozang Jampäl Tänpay Ngödrub, also known as Supreme Padmavajra, came from Barkam to Lhasa and I had the good fortune to bow at his feet when he was staying at Kashag Lho. 

 	At the request of the minister Shölkangpa’s son, Sharpa Tulku, he gave over thirty initiations and teachings on profound practices from his own pure visions to myself and seven supreme holy beings including Kyabje Tagdrag Dorjechang, Ganden Tridag Rinpoche, and 
Drepung Mogchog Rinpoche. Our waiting vessels were filled with nectar of unexcelled blessings. 

 	One day I was invited to the room of the Guru Vajradhara where I received his kind conferral of the Cittamani Tara ‘Heart Entry’ jenang and the Tangtong close lineage long life initation, Chime Pälter, Glorious Treasure of Immortality. 

 	According to Tagpu Tänpay Gyältsän, Garwang Rinpoche and others, Tagpu Dorjechang often had visions of Gurus and Deities and, in particular, that he repeatedly met Venerable Tara face-to-face, just as one person meets another, and received inconceivable secret teachings and prophecies from her that filled one ‘Mother Volume’ and about three ‘Son Volumes.’ Because he was a great being who embodied the infinite ocean of mandalas simultaneously, I asked him for a prophecy concerning my meditational Deity and where I would go after this life. He asked Tara and she gave him eight lines of verse. If it is not deceptive, it is the kind of thing that allows happy sleep. 
 	
78  rme ru 
 	
 	33
 	
 	Kagyur Lama Rinpoche Lozang Döndän Pälzangpo was always very kind to me. One day he came to my room and said, ‘Because you have not yet received transmission of the Collected Works of Je Tsongkhapa and his two disciples, listen and I will give it to you!’ He neither asked for any offering nor did I have to request it, but just as he said, so gladly and compassionately, in his small residence at the college, I received from him bestowal of the entire readying transmission from the Tsang edition of the Collected Works Of The Father Manjusri Tsongkhapa And His Two Sons. At that time I was so poor as to not be able to offer more than five do-tsä of silver79. 

 	Commencing just as that was coming to a conclusion, I received from Kagyur Lama Rinpoche at Shide Nyangnä Lhakang, transmission of the five volumes of Tagpu Garwang’s Collected Works. At that time, with single intention, Kyabchog Dorjechang and an entourage of a number of lamas, tulkus, and geshes including Ganden Jangtse Tridag Rinpoche, Gomang Mogchog Rinpoche, Tsona Göntse Rinpoche and ourselves, at the Lhasa Shäzur residence, trained precisely in practice of the three dimensional mandalas of Guyasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka. 

 	When I was twenty three, in the year of the water boar, at the Chuzang retreat, I received from Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongka the jenangs for the Bari Gyatsa, the Bari lineage of a hundred Deities’ initiations, for Drubtab Gyatso, the Ocean of Sadhanas, and the Nartang Gyatsa, the Nartang lineage of a hundred Deities’ initiations, and an experiential commentary on the generation and completion stages, on the basis of the zamatog,  ‘vessel of enlightenment’, sadhana of Thirteen-Deity Yamantaka; commentary on Guru Yoga and Mahamudra on the basis of the Profound Path of Lama Chöpa, Guru Puja, and the Root Text of Mahamudra; and various other transmissions and commentaries such as the commentary on how to perform the great retreat of Yamantaka Pawo Chigpa, Solitary Hero. 

 	As I mentioned before, responsibility for our house’s administration had been given to Tzöpa Rigtzin. We had hoped for the best but his having little knowledge or means and a liking for dice games hurt his ability to administer anything. Therefore, as in the example of meat already given but not a drop of it yet received, Gän Rinpoche and I did not always receive timely food and drink. 

 	The acting minister at that time was Kalön Kemä Zhabpä Rinchen Wang-gyäl and because he was one of the most powerful people, if he assisted and protected you, there was great hope that a mere word from him would get things accomplished, so we went with some small offerings to Kunzang Tserkong and related to him the situation in detail. We asked for an order that a proper investigation be carried out because of the changing ideas and conduct of Rigzin. He said, ‘There has never been a tradition of your tulku having to take administrative responsibility other that giving a bit of advice here and there. As it is said, “I am my own protector. Who else will protect me?” If you can’t support yourself, it is poor form to hope others will! Also, as Je Ba Rawa Gyältsän Pälzang said, 

 	“Though relationships with friends and relations be equal 
 	When you are wealthy they pay you great attention. 
 	When you are poor and destitute and have misfortune, 
 	You are ignored as worthless. Your stature is diminished. 
 	Steadfast friends in hard times are rare to find!”’ 
 	
 	It was a sobering thought and settled what I could expect from relations. 
 	
 	Once I started into the Gyütö curriculum, my permanent residence was primarily at Chuzang Retreat, but I would go wherever Kyabjchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa the supreme was giving teachings, and in the time between teachings earlier and later in the year, I did lä-rung retreats of Varjayogini, Yamantaka Solitary Hero and Thirteen-Deity, Gandipa Five-Deity Heruka, Secret Hayagriva, Pälmo System Great Compassionate One, and so forth, seeking to progress in mental development mainly by putting as much effort as I could on the Lamrim meditations, in 

79 rdo tsad, equal to 50 srang, five would be 250 srang. 
 	
 	34
 	
connection with the preliminary practices for purification and accumulation. Before long, however, other conditions would mandate that I had to go to Chatreng or somewhere else to take care of some kind of distracting business, so any traces of experience in contemplation or meditation would dissipate like the mist in winter which, I think, was the result of much non-meritorious karma that I had committed in previous lifetimes. 
 	
 	When I was twenty-four, in the year of the wood rat, it was decided that I should go to Chatreng as it was being called for and urged by the people of the Chatreng Monastery region in general. After the Prayer Festival was over, I asked permission to be excused from the tantric college schedule. The same day that I took up my meditation mat, Kyabje Ling Chogtrül Rinpoche was newly entering the college and laying out his mat; it coincided with my last tea ceremony with the assembly. 
 	
 	After the Ganachakra was over, at my Tashi Rabtän room in Lhasa, as requested by Ganden Shartse Dokang Samling Geshe Yöntän, with about two hundred Sangha in attendance, I gave the reading transmission of the Collected Works of Je Tsongkhapa and his disciples. I read one volume per day at that time. My tongue never had the ability to recite two and three volumes per day as some others do. 
 	
 	At that time, those including Sera Mey Pomra Chatreng Pälchug Dapön Geshe and Kroti Tsultrim, once again raising problems about our coming to Kham, submitted a petition to the Dalai Lama’s minister Tsarongpa Dazang Dradül. One day, at the request of the government representative named Zhide Ta Lama, we invited to my residence one pure monk who was very respectful and receptive to Lama Dorjechang’s instructions, who had acted for him as an oracle for Gyalchen Dorje Shugden under strict secrecy, only a few times before, and we requested advice.
 
 	This was because we were uncertain about what problems existed in Kham and also wanted to know whether it would be good to ask the Khamtsän to administrate the rooms when I was in Kham. The transmission received stated, 

 	 The precious parasol is supreme for protection from heat.  
 	
 	(This referred to the Dalai Lama.) 
 	
 	 The golden fish, heart entrustment, virtue in the great ocean, 
 	  
 	(This referred to the Monastery Khamtsän.) 
 	
 	 The phenomena of many enemies in the desirable vase, 
 	  
 	(The nature of many false practitioners,) 
 	
 	 The friend of the lotus [the sun] need not stop the moon 
 	  
 	(Not looking out for only ones own purpose,) 
 	 If Dharma conch’s speech upholds nothing but the Ganden  Oral Lineage from the unending knot of secret Mind, I shall be the wrathful wheel that proclaims victory 
 	 For the Dharma victory banner! 
 	  
 	That was precisely the prophecy received. 
 	
 	At about the end of that time, as requested by Trehor Kartze Trungsar Rinpoche, supreme Kyabdag Kagyurwa Chenpo Jetsun Lozang Döndän Pälzangpo gave a reading transmission of Tukwan Chökyi Nyima’s Collected Works, including the works that are sealed in secrecy, to a Sangha of about eighty lamas and tulkus of central Tibet. As requested by Chötsün Trinlä Dechen of Pangda, for about sixty lay and ordained listeners, he gave a Vajrayogini blessing and generation and completion stage instructions. To an entourage of about two hundred, he gave a Five-Deity Gantapa Heruka initiation and the great initiation of Secret Hayagriva. 

 	When it neared time to return to Kham, I received an audience to bow my head at the lotus feet of the great Dalai Lama and received from him a great deal of advice on what to do in Kham. 

 	Following the advice of the great Dalai Lama, I went to make my parting prostrations at Yarlam, where the great Lord Kagyurwa, Jetsün Lozang Döndän Chogtse was teaching the extensive Pratimoksha Sutra during the monastic summer retreat. At Drepung Loseling Dratsang the face of all Refuges collected, Dorjechang Pabongkapa Pälzangpo, was giving teachings on Lamrim Chenmo so I went to his Kungarawa Palace residence there to make my parting prostration to him. With great kindness, he gave me precise and extensive advice that was like essence of nectar on such things as the need for spreading the pure Ganden lineage in Kham and also gave me extensive gifts. 

 	As I mentioned before, because my house official, Rigzin, was not conducting himself properly, we felt there was a danger that there could be administrative problems while we were in Kham, so we asked Ganden Dokang Kangtsän to take responsibility. We gave the Kangtsän responsibility for my room at Ganden and the receipt of rentals sent by the overseers of the Ganden general assembly lands at Meldro. Responsibility for the room at Lhasa, receipt of the Shartse land rentals and the rentals from Dechen Lamotse and the lands at Deyangpa and the Gyamag land was supposed to have been left with Rigzin, the administrative manager, but out of three hundred tamdo in receipts, two hundred which were to pay back to the kangtsän and one hundred to pay back to himself, after we returned from Kham, in addition to the two hundred tamdo to be paid back to the kangtsän, we had accumulated more debts to the kangtsän and were still continuing to make and repay some small loans to Rigzin in addition to the debt from before! 

 	In the meantime, due to the passing from previous to later manager, the expenses of my own Geshe ceremony80 which had to be paid, and so forth, along with heavy responsibilities, actual receipts did not make it up, so we had quite a bit of difficulty preparing supplies for the journey to Kham. However, by requesting help and loans from some of my students and patrons, we just managed to prepare enough and, at daybreak of the seventh month, I, my personal attendant Lhabu, my ritual assistant, Gyütö Ngagram Zedru Göndra Budor from Markam, my Dharma friend Gyütö Pukang Lozang Tashi, cook Namgyäl Dorje, tailor Tenzin Lhawang, two people including Sönam Wangdü to keep the horses and donkeys and so forth, were able to start our journey. An advance escort of four people including Tändrong Pälbar Togme set out from Lhasa and spent two days at Yarlam Gungtang. 

 	When my birth protector, Dragshul Wangpo, and Nyima Zhönnu, principal and entourage were invoked, rather than Tzöpa Rigzin escorting me, a spirit traveling to Kham, Tsängö, an agent of Dragshul Wangpo, advised me about taking care of my health, diet, packing, critical intersections I would come to on the way and so forth; it was quite funny! 

 	Then we left and spent a day with my mother and sister Jampäl Chötso at Dechen Karab Ogong’s family’s place. The next day we arrived at Ganden and had a relaxed audience with supreme Gän Rinpoche Lozang Tsultrim. During my stay there, I gave Thirteen-Deity Vajra Bhairava two-day great initiation to over five hundred Sangha at Dokang Kantsän assembly hall, and spent another day making offerings before the Serdong Chenmo, the reliquary stupa of Je Tsongkhapa, and sang, fragrant smoke offering, up on Wangkur Mountain. 

 	I went to Shartse college, at their invitation. When the abbot’s emissary Pukang Lozang 
Kyenrab was raising up the offerings of the three representations of enlightened body, speech and mind sent by the college, he recited a verse for each. When he was reciting the verse for the offering of the stupa he said, 
 	
 	 käl pa je wa sam yä su 
 	 chöd-tän tzä ching zhug gyur chig 
 	
 	For millions of eons beyond conception 
 	Please remain being a stupa! 
 	
 	Thus, although he was widely famed as a scholar of dialectics and the scriptures, in this instance he exhibited faulty knowledge of correct grammar. 
 	
80 All monks in the monastery would, at some point in their monastic education, make an offering to the Sangha. This is often done after one receives his Geshe degree, although others who are not studying for the degree can also make this offering. 
 	
 	36

 	The Chatreng people did not abstain from guerrilla warfare and while they were raising the loudest cry, some who lacked faith in me were there as well, making it rather difficult for me to again conveniently return from Chatreng to central Tibet. In this situation, with everyone feeling they were being watched or for whatever reason, after my departure from Ganden, Gän Rinpoche remained in his room, and many people made what appeared to be hypocritical offerings of khataks to Rigzin and members of the Kamtsän, as if they were calculating how much longer they would be there. Kyabchog Dorjechang said, 

 	From rainclouds which should be protective 
 	
 	Pours down sleet and hail and flaming bolts of lightning. 
 	
 	Even sunlight, so suitable to life, 
 	
 	Burns like something left in the fires of hell! 
 	
 	It seemed like that. After paying the expenses involved in requesting permanent residence at Ganden, hosting ceremonial meetings with friends and Dharma companions, making the offerings before the Serdong Chenmo, and so forth, I had about fifteen silver sang remaining which I offered to Gän Rinpoche. 
 	
 	The day I left Ganden, with an aspect of tearful deep sadness, Gän Rinpoche gave me a great deal of essential heart advice, both from the point of view of whether I left Ganden or not, and my mind was so attached to him that parting from him was practically unbearable to me. 
 	
 	After having spent two days at the Mäldro Jara Do estate we passed through Richen Ling, Özer Gyang, Tsomo Rag; Kongpo, Bala pass, and Gyamda, the Tro pass, Lharigo, Bändhala, Nubgong pass, successively traversing frightening paths over deep narrow gorges, tall steep cliffs and difficult bridges until we suddenly arrived in Ngödro. We spent one day at Ari Monastery, the local monastery of kind Ngaram Dampa, and made abbreviated offerings. The next day, we went inside Dampa’s bedroom, Ayig Tangowa for a moment and I left a symbolic gift with the tsa-tsas that contained his relics. 
 	
 	I went to Gyatso Ling Monastery at the invitation of the Labrang and spent a day there. I had received many Tantric teachings in lineage from the previous Gungtrul Rinpoche and made offerings before his reliquary stupa. The present incarnation of the Gyatso Ling Tulku resided there. He appears to enjoy playing games because he was still young. 
 	
 	We crossed the Shargong pass and arrived in Chagra Pälbar. There, at Gyümä Ngarampa Pälbar Geshe Ngawang Chöjorchän’s request, I gave instructions on the novice and complete ordination vows to about ten Sangha of Pälbar Dratsang. 
 	
 	We then passed successively through Lhatse and Shopado until arriving at Tzitor with its two dratsangs of Nyinpa and Sipa. As requested by Nyinpa Dratsang, we spent three days there. 

 	For a newly constructed Maitreya statue, I performed the extensive consecration Geleg Charbeb  in connection with Vajra Bhairava with the dratsang’s ritual performance monks, and also gave a long-life initiation for the local people. Between the assemblies, invited by Sibpa Dratsang and Drag Nag Labrang, I went there as a guest and performed consecrations and so forth. 
 	
 	Then we stayed with the family of the chief benefactor of the previous Ganden Tripa at Lhotzong and, invited by the local Tram Monastery, I went there for a short time, performed consecration of the holy objects, and made a brief Dharma connection with the Sangha there. 
 	
 	We then crossed Yidag pass, crossed the great bridge over the Gyälmo Ngülchu River, crossed the Chutsul Pass and arrived at Mari Mountain in Wako. From Kyungpo Tengchen, the Horchi, the Government Minister In Charge of Northern Nomads, Känchung Yutogpa Wangdü Norbu sent an emissary with a message that we should wait at Mari Mountain to have a meeting with him. So, we went to Mari and spent the day there. The next day the Horchi and his agents came and I spent the day in relaxed meeting with him and offered him Drubgyäl system long-life initiation. I offered to the Horchi the money from the generous offering that Känchung had made and the small offerings that had been collected on the way, and ordered the construction of two gilded pillar ornaments to offer to Dokang Kangtsän. 
 	
 	37

 	This Känchung is the one who previously, in the year of the earth horse, following the command of the great Dalai Lama, was the principal government appointed supervisor when the Sangpu Temple was renovated. I was at summer session enjoying study including going to the monastery courtyard to debate scriptural quotations and logic. I was asked to compose an extensive renovation dedication to be written on the wall of the temple. I wrote, (incorporating in the poetry the name of the great Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Ngagwang Lozang Thubtän Gyatso Jigdräl Wangchug Choglä Namgyälway De): 
 	
 	Friend whose speech of faith (that which liberates the faithful) draws forth mind-captivating fragrance in the lotus of power, 
 	
 	Who has travelled the ocean of Dharma, that great lamp of samsara and nirvana, the Teachings given by the Able One, 
 	
 	Fearless, peerless, illuminating Lord, victorious over all maras and negativity, Sun of human beings known as embodiment of the ten powers, I keep you on the crown of my head! …. 
 	
 	With these words, I expressed homage to the Objects of Refuge and some poetic lines of engagement and aspiration, which, from that time on, became very popular to use in connection with making offerings. 
 	
 	Then by way of, successively, Tsawa, Pomda, Tzogang, and so on, we arrived in Markam and spent a day near the pass called the Kongjo pass. That night I dreamt of someone like my sister Kuntse Cham Dekyi Yangchän wearing fancy clothing and jewelry showing many expressions of delight, who led me inside a large castle like the red Potala Palace. Inside a temple with many rooms there were representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind, many offerings and monks. She also gradually led me up an inner staircase that was gilded in gold, and gave me something to eat and drink. The next day in conversation, the local people mentioned a local spirit lord, Pawo Trobar, and his sister named Tachang Ma, and I thought it must have been some sort of emanation of them. Later, in 1964 Dharamsala, through medium of the Khampa lady, Namgyäl Drölma, I had direct contact with both Trobar and Tachang Ma. Tachang Ma told me that when I had previously visited their region, she had given me a sign through direct contact in dream. This confirmed what I had thought before. The next day we crossed a bridged stretched over a great river called the Dachu. All of the people, horses, and donkey were lashed in with the ropes tying the yaks together. 

 	Because we had never experienced anything like it before, everyone was quite apprehensive but we all eventually got across without any problem and arrived in Gartog in Markam. I stayed in the Labrang residence at Markam Özer Monastery. When the previous incarnation of Özer Rinpoche had lived in Lhasa we had become so well acquainted that when I came to Kham, he returned the hospitality very generously. 
 	
 	We left Gartog and, in Marlam Lhadün, saw the temple with the stone Buddha Vairochana statue renowned as Chagzo, where the Chinese Queen Gyaza passed by on her way to go before the king. The day we arrived at Markam Zeudru Monastery, Gangkar Lama Rinpoche Könchog Chödrag, a great lord of siddhas, came to escort us at the outpost castle of the monastery. I stayed a few days at the newly constructed labrang residence in the monastery. 
 	
 	Gangkar Rinpoche was previously at Drepung Loseling. Although he was not very scripturally learned as the time he had spent there as a student had not been long, but he had reached high levels of experiential realization. He had many unimpeded clairvoyances and was a great yogi tertön, treasure-revealer, who brought out statues, samaya substances, and treasures out of lakes and rock mountains. He lived as a pure ordained monk who cultivated the pure view and practice of the Ganden tradition. Although he had not met me before that time, because of the karmic connection between our tulkus over many lifetimes, he wrote to me many times during the time I lived in Tibet. I gave Thirteen-Deity Vajra Bhairava initiation to the Sangha at the monastery, and great initiation of Avalokitesvara, the Great Compassionate One, to the public, both lay and ordained people. Lama Rinpoche gave me a naturally created bronze Heruka that he had obtained out of the rock in the middle of Bumtso lake which I still carry with me all the time. 
 	
 	Then we crossed the Drichu river by the upper monastery of the Gowo Rong Gönsar monastery and took a steep narrow path called the tramko lam, eventually arriving at Tzetze Monastery, where there lived one named Dranag Lama or Lama Chöpag, who had been my Dharma companion when receiving transmission of the Kangyur in Tibet. Since parting ways he had practiced chöd and had seen many miraculous apparitions of spirits and devas. At many local monasteries from Kongpo to Kham, when practicing chöd with others between assemblies, at night in the darkness, those attending would hear disembodied voices in Chinese, Tibetan and many various languages and weapons would go off for no reason. People would hear voices counting a great deal of money, crying out in pain, and so forth, coming from all around the building, inside and outside, various apparitions and sounds that everyone could perceive would occur so that he had come to be regarded as an emanation of Lobpön Rinpoche, Padmasambhava and everyone showed him great faith and respect. His activities as a lama gradually increased until later on, by will of the public, in the midst of much fighting between the Chinese and Tibetans he became a commanding general type of figure in charge of a very large army of soldiers with weapons and armor both inside and outside Tzetze Monastery. Because I was his Dharma companion from before, in the ways of the people of that area, having made inquiries, at the instructions of the great Dalai Lama and others, there were some bad sorts acting as lamas, and he gave special consideration to my advice and suggestions. I made a Dharma connection with the Sangha there. 
 	
 	Then I spent a day with the Dalai Lama Gyälwa Tsultrim Gyatso at Shogdrug Drodog village. There we met a fifty horsemen escort from the region of Chatreng monastery. Going by way of Ragtag Monastery and so forth, I spent a day at the family home at Chatreng. There arrived officials such as the Samling Monastery abbot’s emissary Nyanang Drodru Geshe Lozang Tarchin.
 
 	When I was at the monastery, Drodru Geshe was the monastery chant leader and when Gän Rinpoche had scolded or hit me, he had interceded on my behalf, asked him to forgive me and so forth. We felt great affection for each other and were both very happy to meet again that day. The next day, on the third day of the eleventh month, we arrived at Chatreng Sampel Ling Monastery. 

 	We rested there for a while, but while my physical body was relaxing, my mind was anticipating meeting various different people. 
 	
 	When I was twenty-five, in the first month of the year of the wood ox, during the monastery’s new year’s Prayer Festival, I went to the debate courtyard early everyday. The time came for the traditional teaching on the Thirty-four Jatakas. However, the text was bound up in poetic verse and, for most of the people there, lay and ordained alike, it had been a long time since any of them had heard such a teaching. So, instead of an alternative, because it would be easy to understand and realize, and because most of the people had, in the meantime, become accustomed to fighting and stealing and were confused about what to adopt and abandon in terms of the natural law of karma, I gave, in plain colloquial language of Chatreng, a commentary on the Sutra of the Wise and the Foolish. When the Prayer Festival was over, at the request of the people of the monastery and general public of the region, I gave the great initiation of the Great Compassionate One, Thousand-Armed Avalokitesvara in the Pälmo system to about five thousand lay and ordained people on the stone courtyard of the monastery, When I conferred the vase initiation on the day of the actual initiation, gentle rain fell and rainbows appeared, such are signs of devas and nagas being happy. 
 	
 	Because of the conditions created by Luchun’s army, the monastery had, for many years, been empty, even the local people had had to disperse into the mountains. In order to therefore restore the degeneration of beings, the earth and environment, for devas, nagas and the local deity lords, I blessed vase water with about 1200 migtsema  recitations, ripening and accomplishing the points81, and spread and had it distributed to the local people throughout the entire upper and lower areas of the region, and did protective concealment ritual. 
 	
 	In the third month of the year, I gave commentary on the Nyur Lam, Swift Path Lamrim  for fifteen days concluding with the bodhicitta offering to about two thousand attendees, the monastery’s Sangha and local people, in the assembly hall of the monastery, After that, to about five hundred people and Sangha who took commitment to recite  Six-Session Guru Yoga and one hundred Migtsema mantras   daily, I gave the great initiation of Thirteen-Deity Vajra Bhairava that takes two days including the day of preparation. Then I gave the great initiation of Solitary Hero Vajra Bhairava to one hundred and forty-eight people who committed to practicing Bhairava Solitary Hero sadhana every day, I gave extensive commentary on the generation and completion stage yogas and how to perform the long retreat to sixty-three people who took commitment to do long retreat of Vajra Bhairava, for twelve days, all done in accordance with Lama Dorjechang’s tradition. 
 	
 	In the fourth month of that year, since it was intended that a new primary holy object for the monastery, a guilded gold statue of Buddha Maitreya, should be made, my attendant Lhabu and some others were sent to Lhasa to procure the necessary items, gem ornaments and so forth, that needed to be bought or made. I sent with him requests for protection addressed to the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkhapa, Kagyur Lama Rinpoche, Gän Yongzin Rinpoche Lozang Tsültrim, Geshe Sherab Rinpoche and so forth, all of the lamas who were my objects of refuge due to the actual Dharma connection that I had with them. I also included a verse request that I composed to Kyabdag Dorjechang Pabongkapa Pälzangpo and a similar request to Dromo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Käalzang Chog, to present to the Dungkar Monastery Gyalchen Dorje Shugden oracle a request for detailed prophecy concerning the situation in Chatreng. 
 	
 	The year prior to my arrival in Chatreng, one well known as Chatreng Butsa Bugän, had been secretly killed by Chagzha Tänpa and others in the Chatreng region who, out of dislike or jealousy towards people, used occult methods to give them heart disease. In addition, quite a lot of money was being lost from the Chatreng treasury. Hence, there was reputed to be continual serious thievery going on. Principal lay and ordained officials of the monastery and region, some people on Bugän’s side, using the problem of the heart disease as a pretext to seek their own ends, ‘moved mountains and stirred up the ocean’ summoning all potential fighters through connections in upper and lower Chatreng, Gang Kar Ling, Dabpa, Mebo, Mongra, and so forth, and also called on Bai Sasung Gopön and the Chinese Marsiling army to help them. When Chatreng Chagzha Tänpa and his ‘band of thieves’ had been identified and were about to be captured, many of them, with Chagzha Tänpa, went to Tzetze Monastery where the aforementioned Lama Chöpag lived and asked him to accept them under his command. 
 	
 	As the army from Chatreng Monastery and region was intending to depart, I tried all I could to properly explain what is right and wrong to such people. However, just as it is uncertain whether steps taken based on being’s desires will take them where they want to go, rather than turning them from their course, my heart-felt advice went in one ear and out the other, and the huge army left. 

 	Not only that, even in the monastery in acts kept secret from me, several monks who belonged to Chagzha Tänpa’s group were killed by fires suddenly lit in their rooms; others were killed at their homes, and so forth, many terrible things were done. As Zhangzhung Chöwang Dragpa said, You may lead one whose attitude has hardened 
 	
 	Up to the stainless crystal staircase, 
 	
 	But even Indra cannot make him enter 
 	
 	The excellent mansion of victory. 

81 gnad smin sgrub 
 	
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 	As just that was occurring, I thought, ‘These are the kinds of students that a Guru of degenerate times like me will have!’. Unfortunately, nothing else could be done. 
 	
 	Dranag Lama had gathered a very powerful force at Tzetze Monastery and was firmly established there. So, the Chatreng army could only manage to surround them, but could not gain access to the monastery. Many months passed by in a standoff. 
 	
 	During summer retreat at the monastery I did lärung retreat of Guyasamaja Akshobyavajra. 

 	After it was over, because of the fighting and such, there was no quiet or peace from the tension, and because I had been invited by Gönkar Ling Monastery and its area people, I left with an entourage of a small number of highly capable people, going by way of the ‘Mongra’ region and reached the residence of Gangling Tso Togpön. 
 	
 	I stayed there about fifteen days. During that time, at the request of some aspirants, I gave Five-Deity Ghantapa Heruka Initiation and the sindhura blessing of Vajrayogini along with brief commentary on the generation and completion stage practices. Afterwards, Gangling Sherab Tulku, who was from my class at the monastery, arrived along with Sangha of Gangling Monastery and, with this extensive escort, we arrived at the monastery. 
 	
 	I gave Guyasamaja Akshobyavajra Initiation on the basis of a painted mandala, in two days including the day of preparation, to about four hundred people there, including Sangha. In addition, I conferred great initiation of the Great Compassionate One, and long life initiation to over a thousand people. 
 	
 	Then, with Sherab Tulku, we accepted the invitation of the previous Ganden Tripa’s patron Nyingkung Bumtze Bälsä Pön. After traveling for two days, we arrived at the Pön family estate, where we stayed for about ten days. To our entourage and the residents and workers, I gave great initiation of the Great Compassionate One and long life initiation. I gave chanted consecration for their Kangyur  temple and protector temple and also did Vaisravana prosperity ritual in their treasury. 
 	
 	We then left, intending to make pilgrimage to a site in Yarlam Gangkar known as Rigsum Gönpo, Lords of the Three Lineages but we made dwelling places at Tsogo Retreat and, for about three weeks, did a sort of refresher retreat of Gantapa Five-Deity Heruka, accumulating as many mantras as the time allowed. It was all very peaceful and pleasant there because there were no deluded argumentative voices to be heard. It is also because the previous incarnation of Zeudru Monastery Gangkar Lama Rinpoche, known as the Gunkar Lama, who was quite powerful, had stayed there for a long time engaged in meditative practice. 
 	
 	To a number of Sangha in Gangkar and some pilgrims I gave long life initiation of the Lords of the Three Lineages. As we were staying there, at Tzetze Monastery, Dranag Lama Chöpag’s chief attendant and one of the lama’s enemies from Chatreng, by mutual malicious intent, bribed someone in the lama’s army who went to the lama’s room late at night pretending to be asking for a mo divination regarding the lama’s sister having become very sick. When he called, the chief attendant opened the door, and as soon as he entered, the man axed down Lama Chöpag in his bed where he lay. There had always been a lot of talk about the lama’s clairvoyance and miracle powers but, at the time that he needed them, they failed him. It was like when Maudgyalyana was previously beaten by wandering ascetics. Forget miracle powers, it is said that he did not even remember the existence of miracle powers, and this case seemed no different. 
 	
 	The lama’s army entourage became like a headless corpse and the enemy army also had been in the field so long that, many had gradually left for their homes one after another, unobserved. Both sides were finished with fighting: they expressed their mutual regrets, and everything was naturally resolved and pacified. I left where I was staying. Along the way, I stopped at Gangling Zipön’s residence and, for the people that were there at the time, gave long-life initiation, Mani mantra transmission, and so on. After which, I again stayed some days at Gankar Ling Monastery. I returned back to Chatreng monastery by way of Me O82 in the twelfth month of the Tibetan year. 
 	
82 rme o 
 	
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 	When I was twenty-six, in the year of the fire tiger, during Prayer Festival, between teaching sessions at the monastery, I again continued commenting on the Sutra of the Wise and the Foolish, from the story of Loba Goba83, the Work Organizer, and so on. I heard that some people said, ‘After he runs out of Dharma commentary, he tells stories!’ 
 	
 	Spring session at the monastery I did retreat fulfilling lärung  requirements for Heruka of the Luipa system, and Kunrig retreat before and after it. During summer retreat I gave the Sangha Sixty-two Deity Heruka Initiation of the Mahasiddha Luipa’s tradition, the great initiation of Kunrig, and the jenangs of the Rinjung Gyatsa. 

 	During the fourth month of that year, my attendant Lhabu and his companions returned back from Lhasa carrying messages from the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama, messages from Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa the supreme and Geshe Sherab Rinpoche both adorned with poetic verse, and letters from Gän Rinpoche and other friends. They brought jewel adornments for the new statue of Lord Maitreya and many mantra rolls and blessed items for putting inside it. The previous year in Chamdo, early in Lhabu’s trip to Lhasa, by his request, the Domä Chikyab Kalön Trimönpa Norbu Wangyäl had dispatched two men to find the best deity statue sculptors in the Chamdo-Tzachu River area. The artists had been found and they also arrived with Lhabu’s party and began construction of the statue. With the help of the best artisans in Chatreng they completed a three-story tall gilded gold statue of Buddha Maitreya. They worked continuously for three months. Offered inside the statue were dharanis of the four types of relics, the five great dharanis and so forth, which are Dharmakaya relics; bone relics of the Tathagata Buddha, a statue of Jamgön Tsongkhapa that was an inner holy object of the lower college at Ganden, with the Lord’s own handprint, and furthermore, reliquary remains of many great holy beings of India and Tibet, many relics of their hair, wheels and treasure vases of male and female yaksha wealth deities, and so forth. Blessing and accomplishing the zung, in company with a group of careful and qualified practitioners, everything that was to be put inside was done with my own hands involved, and it was requested to remain in the great assembly hall of the monastery. A complete list of expenses was kept from the beginning to the middle to the end of the project, as well as a list of all of the holy objects and blessings placed inside. A list of the benefits of making statues, prostrating and making offerings, and so forth, was also placed on the wall of the Maitreya temple. Making thousand water bowl offerings, light offerings, continually lit lamps, and so forth, after all of the essential offerings were made, with myself acting as vajra-master and twenty bikshus who had completed Yamantaka retreat, we consecrated the statue with the elaborate Geleg Charbeb ritual from the preliminaries, actual consecration and conclusion. When specific sponsors were mentioned, the monastery teachers and I, along with the Sangha, recited elaborate prayers such as the praise of the eight auspicious substances. 
 	
 	When that was concluded, at the request of Yangteng Dratsang, I went to Yangteng Monastery and gave ten days of commentary on the Nyurlam, the Swift Path Lamrim, the great initiation of Thirteen-Deity Vajra Bhairava, and many other initiations and jenangs to spiritual aspirants. I continued traveling in nearby areas of Säl Lha, Dechen, Tsang, and so forth, giving teachings in accordance with the people’s interests, and afterwards returned to Chatreng Monastery. 
 	
 	It had been the earlier tradition of Chatreng Monastery to perform the offering of practice and self-entry to the mandalas of Guyasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka; the great kangso’s of Mahakala and Dharmaraja with the ritual melodies and music as in Gyütö Dratsang; Päldän Lhamo, Vaisravana, Setrab chant and music, and Dharma Conduct Haygriva in the tradition of Ganden Shartse. In the meantime for many years, because of the destruction of the monastery and the fact that there had been only a few teachers left, they had forgotten the chant melodies and there was quite a lot of degeneration. Therefore, I invited the Gyütö Ngarampa named Bu Sönam from the Markam Lura Monastery. He and the monastery abbot’s representative, the ex-chant leader of Ganden Shartse Drodru, Geshe Lozang Tharchin, the two of them specially trained about fifty of the prominent monastery members in the practice of the chanting for the kangso’s and all the other 

83 blo ba ‘go sba 
 	
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practices just mentioned above. Then Bu Sönam, the makers of the Maitreya statue including the two sculptors from Chamdo, were all made offerings and congratulated and then dispatched back to their homes. 
 	
 	Because the monastery did not have complete outfits for the Gutor Cham, the previous year, using only the best material, we had repaired and replenished the costumes. In the eleventh month of the year, to reinstitute the Gutor Cham, that year we invited monks to act as the acharya, the clown, and to perform the Kshetrapala Cham as in the tradition of Tängyäling from Özer Monastery in Markam. 
 	
 	In the twelfth month, in accordance with insistent invitations from Nangzang Monastery, I went there by way of Pälshar and Gobo Pälbar Monasteries, finally arriving at Nangzang Pälgyäling. There, I gave a great initiation of Guyasamaja Akshobya to about seven hundred monks, and to everyone I gave the great initiation of Avalokitesvara. To people of Gän Yongzin Rinpoche Lozang Tsultrim’s birthplace, I gave some presents of money and clothing. 
 	
 	When I was twenty-seven in the year of the fire hare, at losar, I went back to Chatreng Monastery. During the teachings of the Prayer festival, I gave teachings on the Kadam Buchö, the Son Teachings of the Kadampas, from the beginning. When mönlam was over, at the request of the monastery abbot, Drodru Geshe, to about eighty Sangha who committed to reciting Guru Puja daily, I gave twenty-five days of commentary on Guru Puja. 
 	
 	A message from Gangkar Lama Könchog Chödrag Rinpoche said, 
 	
 	‘At the time of your previous incarnation, there was a demon adversary with evil intentions, one of whose bases was on top of a mountain in Chatreng where there was a cave shaped like a fish upside-down. From the root of the cave comes a stream that falls into the big river at the base of the mountain. Near where it falls into the river there are some lepers and there is a naga that lives in the cave putting spells on people. If I came there, I could do a ritual to make it leave but it would be difficult, so it is very important to make a qualified rül,  talisman, and to do a ritual concealing it there at the cave. The cave is one that is visible from on top of the chest in your room at Chatreng Monastery…’ 
 	
 	In the letter he insisted that it was very important, so, with the abbot Drodru Geshe and ten monks who had completed Yamantaka retreat, we made a qualified rül  talisman. Drodru Geshe and his attendant Ngaram Budor were sent, and they found the mountain, the cave and the river, just as Gankar Lama had described. They performed the rül  burying ritual there. That year, in the eleventh month, one evening about dusk, suddenly, from the south of the monastery, there came a sound like mortar fire. It went off twice. At first we wondered what it was, but then we simply decided it was thunder and, although there was not that much thunder usually heard in Chatreng, we did not doubt that was what it must have been. Later, people that lived nearby said that lightning had struck the top of the mountain where the rül  was buried. 
 	
 	When I later arrived in Lhasa, there was a ritual lama named Tsewang Gyältsän, a Nyingma lama, whom, when I met him, said, 
 	
 	‘During the time of your previous incarnation there was a sorcerer who was suppressing others, in both Kham and in central Tibet. With those two lightning bolts you sent down in Kham, you destroyed him. Now, there is a place in front of Ganden where there is a spring. You must place a rül talisman there!’ 

 	No one but Lhabu and myself knew what had happened in Chatreng, so it seemed that the talk of Tsewang Gyältsän having clairvoyance was true, and that the rül was a fully qualified one. 
 	
 	Elder monks Chatreng Pälbar Chödrag and Pälchug Dampa Chödrag said to me something to the effect of, ‘When traveling in Tibet from Kham to the places which have connections with you, the three monastic universities, the two tantric colleges, various kamtsän and families, and Lhasa Mönlam Chenmo, you have to make huge distributions and offerings which are definitely 

43
 	
expensive. The small amount of offerings you happen to receive on the way will not cover it, so it would be good if we did some business and the two of us together do business with horses and donkeys through Chamdo. We will definitely do that and with the proceeds that come from it the two of us will assist you. Your people will not have to work.” The whole thing was arranged, capital and interest, accompanied by the sound of fists pounding on tables, and a bountiful offering ritual. But as it is said in the Eloquence of the Sakyas, The sweet talk of the deceitful 
 	
 	Is for their own sake, not from reverence. 
 	
 	The laughter of birds of prey 
 	
 	Is a bad sign, it doesn’t come from joy! 
 	
 	I accepted, not knowing this was subterfuge of that sort, like being deceived by a green calf, and because both of these individuals were among the most stable of the best of the monastic assembly and assumed to be altruistic people with whom I we had direct connections. The actual amount of money they set out with was 30,000 Chinese dollars, called, tram chen, and they had twenty small mules with some full grown mules to go with them. The two of them did not clearly state that but it did seem as if they had quite a lot. 

 	When the final results were later tallied, however, it turned out, according to the Three Region Government, the Pälbar household gave 10,000 Chinese tram chen and Pälchug Dampa Chödrag gave 3,000 tram chen.  He did not actually go and the only thing he actually did was send out someone named Dampa Tharchin. The Pälbar family, saying it was their own private business ‘on the side’, profited on twenty of the ‘supporting’ mules and also sent out someone named Tänzin who was doing business both officially and privately, whose private profits for Pälbar were not told to me. 
 	
 	We did not receive even a dividend from the capital but they said that we must divide the taxes for the government three ways equally without considering our relative amounts of profit. For the sake of their two own private profits, they had taken the name of Trijang Labrang for their own business! It became clear that, ultimately, they had intended to use my capital for their own sakes, and that they had been disingenuous. But because it had somehow related material things and Dharma, I did not know how to withdraw from the business connection, and let it be as they wished. 
 	
 	The Zhitse Gyapön family of Trehor and the general treasurer of Beri Monastery, Yatrug Tsongpön, both of whom I had known as benefactors before in Lhasa, had been writing me letters inviting me to the Trehor region. Finally, that summer, I and a small group of very capable people departed from Chatreng Monastery by way of the Tongjung Nang and Gämo Ngapchu nomad lands to a place in Litang called Dezhung Nakatang, a grassy plain where the natural colors of the blooming flowers and the colors of the people, horse and donkeys could turn your head and make your jaw drop! We were crossing the vast expanse for practically two full days with moving herds of deer, antelope, and so forth, and through the lands of Nyarong such as Trom Tar84 until we eventually arrived in the lands of Beri in Trehor. At the Beri River, the monks of Beri Monastery headed by Getag Tulku Rinpoche came to escort us in procession to the small residence above the monastery. At the request of the monastery in general and the two previously mentioned patrons, I gave experiential commentary on Lamrim Delam – The Blissful Path Lamrim, great initiations of Guyasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka, Kunrig, and the Great Compassionate One, jenangs of Mahakala, Dharmaraja, Sridevi, Vaisravana, and Chamsing, the Drubgyäl long-life initiation, and other transmissions and so forth as requested to the local resident Sangha and lay and ordained from all over the region; there were over seven hundred people. I stayed there teaching for over a month. 
 	
84 khrom thar 
 	
 	44

 	After that, invited by Trehor Kartze Trungsar Rinpoche, I traveled to Trungsar Retreat and gave Rinpoche reading transmissions of Gyälwa Wensapa and Kädrup Sangyä Yeshe’s collected works, the Migtsema Collection, and so on. In the retreat assembly room, to quite a large gathering of many lay and ordained including the Sangha of Kartze Monastery, I gave great initiation of Kunrig. One day, at the request of Kartze Monastery, I went and did consecration of their great assembly hall and three monastic residence halls, strewing flowers. On the way, at the invitation of Kyabgön Tulku, I went to the Labrang as a guest, and in the evening returned to Trungsar Retreat. 

 	At that time Trehor Dragkar Rinpoche, who was very famed as a master-scholar and the previous incarnation of Lamdrag Rinpoche, a yogi-mahasiddha, lived near there and I wanted to go meet them. But Dragkar house and Kangsar Rinpoche’s previous incarnation, Lozang Tsultrim, had hindered each other, and this had offended Lamdrag Kangsarpön’s wife. She was supposed to be powerful and even those such as Trungsar Rinpoche and Gyapön Bu fearfully avoided her, so I did not get a convenient chance to visit them. 
 	
 	One day in the morning, on the flats in front of Kartze Monastery where there is the 
‘Community Protector Temple’, I saw the full-story-high statues of Eight-Deity Tent Mahakala that were renowned to have been previously made by Drogön Chögyäl Pagpa in Yarlam upon his return from China. Then I returned back to Beri Monastery. 
 	
 	At that time Trehor Dargyä Monastery had a large Sangha and vast authority and wealth, but the assembly was poor in Dharma knowledge and realization. Because they were caught up in business types of things, most of the monks occupied themselves with horses, knives, guns and so forth and there were few monks really practicing Dharma. As even the few there had no Dharmic or political power in the monastery, the father of the Gyapön household, Chögyälu, a patron of Dhargyä Monastery, with an altruistic intention to guide the peaceful and subdued monks, said that I should give them a Lamrim teaching. I accepted, but when he talked to the monastery assembly about it, they said, ‘We don’t need a Lamrim teaching that will take many days. Strokes are causing many deaths among the monks so we need an initiation to control planetary influences and since we need Kunrig ritual again and again for the sake of the deceased, we need the great initiation of Kunrig!’ 
 	
 	The father of the Gyapön family, terribly disappointed, said that I should give the great initiation of Kunrig as they wished. This Gyapön father Gyälu, when Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa first went to Dagpo to receive Lamrim from Kyabje Jampäl Lhündrub, had been the one who supplied all of the mules used for mounts. At the time that he was serving as an attendant, Dagpo Lama Rinpoche gave him one of his teeth. As he told me this he showed it to me and I could clearly see the image of Four-Armed Avalokitesvara on it. He was one who always persevered in reciting the Jorchö, Lamrim Preparatory Practice. 
 	
 	Then, as Gyälu said, from Beri I went to Dargyä Monastery and for two days, there, in the great field in front of the monastery, a tent was pitched and I gave great initiation of Kunrig to a large assembly of monastic and local people over two days including the day of preparation. Even though it was not planned that I would teach Lamrim, I taught it quite extensively during the preparatory phase of the initiation. I performed consecration, strewing flowers from above the assembly hall of the monastery. 
 	
 	Then, I traveled to the estate of the Shitse Gyapön family and spent about two weeks there. 

 	On their altar they had holy objects of an Avalokitesvara statue, complete Kangyur, and quite extensive representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind, for which I did extensive consecration over the course of three days just as I did at Dargyä Monastery. In the treasury I performed Vaisravana prosperity ritual. I gave a commentary on the Seven Points of Mind Training to quite a large group of local people. Finishing with a long-life initiation, I started back, through the lands of Nyagrong, and came to a peaceful place where streams ran through a grassy meadow at the wing of a mountain in upper Tromkok. We stopped there for the day. The Gyapön family’s son, Döndrub Namgyäl and Tsongpön Yatrug and their entourage had accompanied us this far. At this point, they parted from us and turned back, they requested instructions on Draminyän Longevity practice and I gave them a brief explanation. 
 	
 	45

 	Later on that day, around the time of evening tea, dark clouds suddenly gathered and let loose violent hail, at the same time, sky-splitting thunder roared and lightning struck ferociously. It even made the inside of the tents flicker with red light. Because it was so furious and, by the taste and smell of it, seemed about to shower down meteorites, I offered sur–– scent offerings for spirits, zhidag torma––offering cake for the local deity lords of the land, de gyä serkyem––golden drink for the eight classes of spirits of wordly aspect, tinchöl––propitiation, and did recitation with mantras for protection from hail and lightning. Even though I performed quite wrathful visualizations, however, it still didn’t help. So, I burned some wet human feces in an extremely hot fire. 

 	Immediately, like curtains opening, pure blue sky came out directly overhead. The lightning and hail subsided by itself, and sunlight even overtook the rain. That night at around midnight, for no reason, the horses and mules suddenly whinnied and even broke away from their ties and escaped in all directions. It wasn’t until dawn that they could all be gathered together again. 
 	
 	When I later arrived in Litang, I found that some of the older generation spoke of the Dalai Lama Sönam Gyatso having been traveling through that area when a local Bön deity had hurled lightning down upon him. They spoke about a fierce storm that had sprung up at that place when my previous incarnation had been there, as well. 
 	
 	Then, when we arrived at Bum Nyag Tang, a vast abundant meadowland in Litang, a member of the Litang community named Washul Yönru and the whole nomadic community under the Yönru command was gathered there. The monks of the Yönru community were Gelugpa along with Sakya and Nyingma Sangha. They had a tradition of pitching a meeting tent and assembling together in the name of what they called, ‘ our own Yönru Dharma’, and each doing their own rituals. Therefore, official lama representatives of the abbot of the Yönru Rabgyäling Sangha including Tromtog Tulku came to me and said, ‘Your previous incarnation came to our Dharma assembly and stayed and had a Dharma relationship with us. We have many elder lay men and women and Sangha who met your previous incarnation. Now, for us to spontaneously meet here without prior planning is very auspicious, so you must remain with us and relax once the teachings are over!’ 
 	
 	They were very strong on this point and, even though I was not free to remain with them for a very long time, I stayed for about two weeks, during which time the assembly was conducted, for the most part, just as in a Gelug monastery. To a Sangha of about five hundred, I gave explanatory instructions on Je Rinpoche’s Lamrim Nyamgur – Lamrim Song of Realization, gave the two day initiation of Heruka in the Luipa tradition, gave the general jenang for Je Rinpoche-Lords of the Three Lineages, and others. Every five days their Sangha would perform mandala offerings of practice of Guyasamaja, Heruka, Yamantaka and Kunrig in turn. I attended the Heruka practice offering assembly one day. Their system was primarily the same as that of Gyume Tantric College. 

 	There were brocade sachets of powdered incense offerings that had been given to them by the previous Ganden Tripa. I also offered the Sangha service for a full day and made a distribution of statues. They had four two-storey high Gelug monastery assembly tents that were each so large they can easily fit five hundred monks. They had elaborate offerings arranged and, although the abbot, lamas, tulkus, and geshes sat on the ground, they made seats out of stacked up felts and rugs, so everything was very pleasant and nice. 
 	
 	When having visited this nomadic monastic community in the past, previous holy beings had established a tradition whereby the assembly would offer only white types of food such as barley tsampa, rice, and melted butter during ceremonies, and no meat offering was allowed. The fact that they were maintaining this tradition without backsliding was extremely admirable. 
 	
 	Sakya and Nyingma Dratsang that were nearby also came when invited and received offerings and gave teachings as requested such as reading transmissions. Invited by nomads in the surrounding areas, I visited fifteen to twenty yak-hair tent communities and performed consecrations, and gave teachings according to their wishes. The nomad groups offered many horses until I had over a hundred! Because we took the horses from the pastures of their home, at night they would escape back and it was difficult to keep them, so we sold them off to the nomads and offered the proceeds to make a yearly distribution of offerings at Gelug Rabgyäling Monastery. 
 	
 	46

 	Then hearing that I must come to the major Litang Monastery, some lama officials came to specially invite me and, met by an oceanic assembled procession of abbots and disciples, we arrived at Tubchen Jampa Ling Monastery. There, in the great assembly hall, at the general request of the monastery, I gave the Pälmo tradition great initiation of the Great Compassionate One with the preparatory day and the Drubgyäl tradition long-life initiation. In the old assembly hall, to lamas and tulkus and about five hundred Sangha including Tsatag Rinpoche and Gozab Rinpoche, I gave explanatory commentary on Lamrim Nyurlam – The Swift Path Lamrim, great initiation of Solitary Hero Bhairava. In the Tubchen Temple, myself acting as abbot, Tsatag Känzur Rinpoche acting as lälob –action master, and Gozab Känpo acting as sang tön –  secret preceptor, we gave novice and full ordination vows to about thirty monks. At Tsosum Kangtsän I gave the Mahakala Zhäl Drubdü  jenang. At Gozab Labrang I gave Drubgyäl long-life initiation to the lama’s entourage and the general Je Rinpoche-Lords of the Three Lineages jenang. I also fulfilled various wishes of many lay and ordained people in the meantime. In the great assembly hall of Litang, I made a great distribution and an elaborate offering of capital to the general assembly. 
 	
 	In Litang town, as requested by the people of the Dalai Lama Kälzang Gyatso’s birthplace, I went there one day and offered ablution and consecration to the statue of the Seventh Dalai Lama and other representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind, and made a brief Dharma connection with the people. As requested by the nomad community of Litang’s Otog Pöntsang family, I went there and performed prosperity and consecration rituals and gave various teachings they requested such as Avalokitesvara jenang and long-life initiation to Pön Achö and his entourage and community and a vast number of lay people and Sangha including those of Otog Monastery. Washul, Yönru and Otog, these three groups of nomads all had great faith in Dharma and many times would recite billions of Mani mantras and hundreds of millions of Migstema mantras. This time, as well, they recited a hundred million Mani’s and Migtsemas, a hundred thousand Samantabhadra prayers, and a hundred Nyungne two-day fasting practices, and so forth. 

 	Because they had such great merit, they were flourishing, had many people, and had attained something truly meaningful in the midst of their nomadic wandering. 
 	
 	Because I had heard that it is a tradition of these nomads that, when a lama is invited, a sheep will be especially slaughtered for a great feast, I made it clear from the beginning when I was invited that I would eat nothing but white foods and that they must not prepare meat. I went to many of the nomad communities in Otog region, performed ablution consecration rituals, and gave them teachings as they requested. 
 	
 	After these activities in Litang, on the way back I went for pilgrimage to Kampo Nä, a place where Karmapa Düsum Kyenpa resided for a long time and attained realization, and is the source from which his Kamtsang Kagyu tradition got its name, a great pilgrimage site of Sri Chakrasamvara. I stayed in the upper room of Nägo Dratsang and did Heruka retreat for about a week and then performed extensive consecration for three days by means of the Deity Heruka. To about fifty Sangha indigenous to the area I conferred the great initiation of Gantapa Five-Deity Heruka. They offered real silver and a small scroll painting of Heruka. Thinking that it was auspicious, I kept it, and still have it with me as a holy object in Lhasa. 
 	
 	I offered service to the Sangha and one day went on pilgrimage to the upper part of the valley called Kampo Nä. The name comes primarily from a huge boulder there with a naturally formed letter ‘Ka’. I went there and offered Ganachakra. Along the way there was a temple where you could see many weapons of heroes that had been subdued by the hero Gesar of Ling such as mail and armor and arrows, sword, and spears, Gyatsa Zhälkar’s sword, Yazi Kardrän.85 Kampo Nä comprises one larger snow mountain, which is the seat of the principal, Chakrasamavara, garlanded by many smaller snow mountains of the entourage of Deities. From the moment you arrive in the area of the site your awareness is clear and peaceful. I wanted to just relax and stay there when we received news from a special messenger who suddenly arrived from Pälbar and the Dampa family in Chatreng. Our three merchant relations had been coming back from Chamdo with horses, mules 

85 ya zi skar bran 
 	
 	47
 	
and merchandise in the upper Bumpa region. As they were returning in Kangtseg pass, a difficult passage near the village of Ka, there was a large force of the upper and lower Bumpa guerilla army waiting in ambush. They killed four people including Tänzin–a Pälbar family cousin and Tarchin–Dampa Chödrag’s nephew, as well as one of the Pälbar family’s mules and one of ours, and had seized every bit of the merchandise. Because they had not yet answered those enemies and lacked the power to do so, they said I should come to Chatreng immediately. I went to Chatreng quickly. 

 	As soon as I arrived, Pälbar Chödrag and Dampa Chödrag, were very aggressive. They were giving me many reasons why we must go to war. I said that because my name was involved in our three-way partnership, I, who am supposed to be a lama, to first arrive and teach Dharma of Sutra and Tantra at the monastery, and finally, on my return to central Tibet, to unleash some kind of war cannot accomplish anything for this or future lives! So, I told them that they must just give up and let go of the people, livestock, and merchandise that was lost to the enemy, and forbade them and made them promise to quietly put aside their preparations for war. 
 	
 	When we later checked further, the object of the Bumpa army in ambushing the merchant party was that when war had been waged previously with Lama Dranag at Tzetze Monastery, at the head of the Chatreng army had been Pälbar Togme, as they took from the land of Bumpa vast amounts of weapons and food without pledging anything in return. Even though Pälbar Togme had sickened and died on the battlefield, the Bumpas had not let go of it. They were still holding a grudge against the Pälbar family. Furthermore, since the merchant leader was bearing the name of Pälbar and because it was business of the Pälbar family, they had attacked it; it did not seem that they had attacked the party in spite of knowing that I had a connection with it. 
 	
 	Because war with Bumpa was attenuated, there were peaceful talks in face-to-face meetings that brought resolution. A representative of the Pälbar family, Tändrong Sampel Tänzin, Dampa Chödrag, himself from the Dampa family, and two from us, our secretary Gönpo and Ngaram Budor, went to a place for reconciliation. One widely known as Zangdän, manager of the Jema Lama, the high lama of Gowo Gönsar monastery, said that they came to Gowo Rong for the peaceful meeting near Bumpa and Yül Lung, but the Bumpas had not intelligently considered preventing the mutual suffering of war so the meeting was terribly prolonged, taking three months before it could be cleanly resolved. Finally the Bumpas returned a little bit of silver, some old mules, and some useless clothing which in no way made up the high cost in lives. Most of the silver went to the Pälbar and Dampa families as recompense for their loss of life and they haggled over the price of their gau boxes for protection from weapons, meteorite vajras, revolvers, etc. While it is important that the little bit of silver left over and various pieces of clothing that they received should be the same as the merchandise they had had when they first started out, on the other hand, as samsara and nirvana are of one taste, when it was divided three ways, we received nothing but a small amount, so it was a loss all-around. Still, as Jowo Lama Rakshita says, 
 	When one is deceived by others 
 	
 	The fault is the lustful demon of ones pride; 
 	
 	It is the weapon of bad karma turning on oneself. 
 	
 	As he says, not remaining humbly still and following what others say can be a demon that brings fire down upon oneself, but the mere fact that we did not have to start a war that would have resulted in the murder of human beings was encouraging to me, and I did not have great regrets over what had happened. The two of them who had harbored intentions to achieve their own profit, like in the example of a hundred unimagined occurrences for every one that can be imagined, these two important people were struck by the painful lightning of defeat by enemies and so forth. 
 	
 	At about that time, the uncle of the previously mentioned Sera Mey Pomra Kangtsän Beda Troti Tulku named Beda Tsultrim arrived from Lhasa pretending to be someone who had come to the Chatreng Monastery area trying to raise funds for the tulku’s geshe degree ceremony, but the fact of the matter was that he was meeting with the main lay and ordained leaders of upper Chatreng for many days in the old general assembly hall, and rather than talking about raising funds for ceremonies, he was making underhanded allegiances with some of them to back his nephew as the ‘real’ incarnation, secretly planning to shoot me, have me arrested, destroyed or disenfranchised. 

 	When one who was befriending the tulku, Tändrong Sampel Tänzin was asked his opinion, the first thing he said was, ‘You have to check if you can put yourself in your leader’s hands! I don’t know if the people of Chatreng will rise up in his support. If they do, I can pretend to be an objective intermediary and protect you. Because I am a sponsor of Trijang Labrang, we should not be seen together!’ 
 	
 	When what was, essentially, the seriously bad actions of a conspiracy of jackals was revealed, because there were witnesses such as the loyal and faithful Tsaka Lagän and Bali Kädrub who had observed who had emerged from the meetings and so forth, and had brought me secret news of this. Because I had no more than a few people in my entourage, since I was supposed to be preparing for the journey back to central Tibet, I called several intelligent monks to help put additional bolts at the top and bottom of the door of my room above the assembly hall. Also, we made a place to hide in the back of my bedroom between the wall and the curtain where there was room for a person to fit. People with solely altruistic intentions such as Puntsog Dargyä from the area near the monastery and some of the monks in the monastery, talking about being attacked and so forth, said to my attendants, ‘If you can just hold out for a little while, we will be alert to come and back you up!’ Even my attendants were prepared to temporarily be bodyguards. 
 	
 	I made requests to the Three Jewels and propitiation of the Protectors, in addition to which I entrusted myself from the depths of my heart in the truth of two laws of karma: 1. one will never meet with the results of actions not committed oneself and 2. the results of actions committed are never wasted and waited for whatever karma had in store for me. 

 	For about one month I had to remain, having exhausted all other means of action, and there were about ten days when there was no doubt that some kind of risky situation would make an intrusion, as such things as the inner lock on the outside door of my room was broken and the horizontal bar to block it was completely lost, no one knowing who had broken the one or who had taken the other. One day suddenly, just after dusk, there was a knock on the outer door of the horse corral of our compound and someone called. When my attendants, with great fear, asked who it was, it was one ‘Wangyäl’, a man of the Pälbar Chödrag family, a relative of Sampel Tänzin’s. He said that Sampel Tänzin had just had some kind of stroke, that half of his head was paralyzed, and to immediately send some blessing pills and incense and to come the next day to command protection and drive out spirits. 

 	Since it was supposed to be Sampel Tänzin and the family of a benefactor, there was no way I could decline. I sent the blessing pills and burning substance, etc, and had to assent to coming the next day. The attendants such as Ngaram Budor were suspicious, wondering if it might be a trick, but judging by the body language and speech of Wangyäl, he seemed truthful to me and, keeping quiet, I felt great joy I could barely contain. Also, to someone who was supposed to have heard mind-training teachings from my lama many times, yet not actually put it into practice, it was not my intent to be someone who ‘looks like a practitioner when their belly is full and the sun is shining, yet is completely ordinary when misfortune befalls them’. Free of fear, I went with a relaxed mind. 

 	We soon came before the site of the break in samaya. I felt extremely reticent to give the initiation and blessing and because it was an outside patron, some of the servants and entourage had come along still feeling great trepidation. When we arrived, Tänzin had risen from his bed. He told me, ‘When you did not retaliate for the Bumpas attack on the merchants and the spiteful Bumpas had not gotten the response they expected, because of that I developed great faith and respect for you. But because of my slight transgression of trust, the Dharma Protectors have punished me!’ 

 	Confessing with regret he requested ablution and vows. A Gorong area lama had told him that he must definitely receive the Lords of the Three Lineages jenang from me. He told me that I must give it to him this time no matter what. He could not bear his guilt and wept with regret, with the expression of someone who was revealing something they had been hiding. As great Ralo said, 

 	You offer various things like gold, 
 	I explain Sadmukhakumara like Bhairava. 
 	
 	It was like the example. 
 	
 	By the next day he was a little improved. Gradually, for about twenty days, he became able to walk back and forth. But again he met with Pälbar Chödrag in the upper part of their house. 

 	They had a meal together with meat broth and fell back into the same bad talk of destroying us, as they did before. He again had a very serious stroke, could no longer speak, and died that night.
 
 	Requested to come early the next day to conduct powa, I went back and did powa and made requests, dedications, and prayers as best I could. Because Sampel Tänzin had died, his support collapsed like a broken balloon and the preparations of Troti tulku’s entourage also died down of their own accord. Just before Sampel Tänzin had his stroke, I dreamt that someone killed a large yak, which was a sign that the protectors would soon enact wrathful action. That was not the only time I had such a dream. Each time I dreamt that a goat, sheep, yak, etc., was killed, not long after, someone who had, directly or indirectly, disavowed sacred truths, would sooner or later be eventually ushered on to their next life. 

 	When I was twenty-eight, in the year of the earth dragon, when Prayer Festival was over, I was invited by village communities from the ‘Treng’ wing of Chatreng such as Rigang and Chagra Gang. I traveled to them one by one, making Dharma connections by giving teachings at each private or public gathering in accordance with their respective wishes and aspirations. In particular, at Chagra temple where the sixth Karmapa Tongwa Döndän went and spent a winter, there is a bodhi tree that sprung up where he struck the ground with a bag holding his mala. There is a blessed statue of him and other objects as well. I spent several days there and gave long-life initiation and Six-Syllable Mantra transmission to the general public. 

 	The upper and lower parts of the region are filled with ruins of many different Kagyu temples from that previous time in Chatreng, when the Karmapa’s Dharma lineage spread pervasively throughout Chatreng. And there were also ritualists in each village who would perform to86 (protection), and dö87 (effigy), rituals in the Tantric lineage called Amnye. They maintained traditions of making offerings to Guru Rinpoche on the tenth day of the month, practiced Bernag ‘Black-robed’ Mahakala (Protector of the Tsurpu Teachings), as well as the Shingkyong Tragshä, and Tashi Tseringma Protectors. The Ngagpa’s (Tantrickas), who lived in the vicinity all gathered and discussed what initiations and transmissions they needed. 

 	Accordingly, at Chagra Temple, from the Yidam sadhanas of the Dalai Lama Gendun Gyatso, I conferred peaceful and wrathful Guru Rinpoche jenangs, and the Protectors, Gönpo Legdän, Mahakala Bernag, Tragshä, and the Tsering Chenga – the Five Long Life Sisters, from the Rinjung sadhana collection. When I gave the Guru Rinpoche blessing at the Chagra Padma family household, I was given a bunch of fine blossoming white lotuses, which was an unplanned auspicious coincidence. 

 	In my dreams that night, a dark man came and spoke to me about the need to renovate the temple. Understanding it as urging from the Protectors, I urged the local people the next day to do new repairs on the temple and to build a small residence above it. The next year they built a new temple but the residence was not built, and was left un-built for many years. Later, in the year of the wood horse, the residence was built, and the next year, on my return from China I traveled through Yarlam Chatreng and got the opportunity to spend a night at Chagra Temple. They said that the future of my previous order to build the residence could now be directly perceived; it was nothing but the fulfillment of the previous plan I had made. The nearby faithful, following the example of ‘hypocritical lamas’, said they had always thought that something like this would be built and had made prophecies to that effect! 
 	
86 gto 
87 mdos 
 	
 	50
 	
 	Then I traveled through upper and lower Ragpo. I stayed three days where there was a hot springs in Ragtö – Upper Ragpo – for my health and, at the request of the people of the area, wrote a text on the dimensions and benefits of the Tashi Lhakang temple. 

 	I accepted invitations to travel to the three areas of Dongsum. In particular, I spent about a week in the area where the previous Ganden Tripa Jangchub Chöpel was born, at the Dongsum Rig Nga (Five Family) temple, where I placed ten tangkas of the Thousand Buddhas for the mitsän88 – kangtsän family divisions – naturally arranged from top to bottom, and I gave to the public the great initiation of the Great Compassionate One, long-life initiation, etc. I went to the previous Ganden Tripa’s residence at Chuzang Monastery where I did consecration and gave quite a few gifts of fabric and other things to the family members, there. 

 	Staying again at Chatreng, apart from the household of Troti Tulku in upper Chatreng in Chagong and some of the families in Söpa and Pälge who still remained very prejudiced against me and did not invite me. I visited all of the others who had invited me in the distant and recent past throughout all of the villages of upper and lower Chatreng, without shunning any difficulties, giving teachings and performing rituals, fulfilling all of their wishes. But as it is said in the Sherab Dongbu (Trunk of Wisdom) ,  
 	
 	In a city of naked people, without clothes, 
 	What work is there for a launderer? 
 	
 	So, I stayed there, but there was no great purpose or benefit in it. Not only that, as it is said in the Jataka tales, 

 	Those who develop jealousy for people 
 	
 	Always find others’ attainments unbearable. 
 	
 	With hatred, they act with blindness and pretense; 
 	
 	At that time, my wish is to go elsewhere. 
 	
 	Thus, I decided that I would definitely return to central Tibet within that year. A letter from Zeu Dru Monastery’s Gangkar Lama Rinpoche had said that up until the fifteenth of the fourth month of the year I should not leave Chatreng because there was great danger to my life. I also had to visit all of the villages such as Chagra Gang, Ragpo, and Dongsum as mentioned above and had not been able to efficiently prepare for the journey, so it had been postponed.
 
 	In the meantime, monks and traders who had gone to Lhasa earlier in the year and were returning, said that when they had arrived in Markam Gartog, some of the people of Markam falsely accused them of having taken unwarranted punitive taxes from them, so they had had legal problems with the Markam Dapön Shelkar Lingpa border police. This was because they were still holding grudges from the prior conflict with Chatreng. The Chatreng monks and their traveling companion, son of the Drodog Chödrag family, were arrested and detained. They took their horses, mules and merchandise, but could not resolve the matter. xxxx Pälbar Lagän Chödrag still had strong attachment to the deceased Sampel and harbored evil intentions to stop us from traveling to Lhasa. When he was able to delay monks such as Shepa Pagtrug, merchant parties, Drogdog Chödrag and some of the most powerful people of Drodog from going to Lhasa as well as ourselves, Markam Datzong negotiated for immediate release of the monks and merchandise, which was very helpful. In spite of some, including my own, suggestions and advice, Drodog Chödrag and the others insisted that they must postpone traveling to Lhasa until the dispute was settled. I explained to them that we had already decided that we were going to Lhasa this year and we could make a request to the Dalai Lama at the capital, but we had already made a request. 
 	
88 mi tsan, subdivisions of kangtsän 
 	
 	51
 	
 	Because I would not accept postponing the journey, Pälbar Lagän and Drodog Chödrag made an evil plot to meet up in Yarlam Drodog, and made preparations to destroy me and seize authority, gathering soldiers and so forth. There was one named Pälge Gyagser Yapa, a monk with a goiter who, with Troti Tulku’s uncle, had originally received Lamrim teachings and Yamantaka initiation and commentary from me and had taken commitment to do long retreat, but who now was heard to say, ‘Will the Trijang party get to Lhasa easily and directly? I wonder! Just watch the show!’ Later on Yapa’s goiter festered and he hovered on the brink of death for a long time. He sent a letter of confession to me in Lhasa, but he was beyond help and passed away. 
 	
 	As I said, the situation had reached a critical point where there was a lot of danger coming from every direction. Therefore Lutag Tashi Tsongpön, Nyanang Puntsog Dargyä, Shab Gyatso Nyima, and the chief leaders with around one thousand horse-mounted soldiers, asked to take responsibility for escorting us as far as Markam, and for us to secretly go directly by way of Drodog. Were they to escort us through Yarlam, we definitely could make it through easily without danger, but I thought the escorts would fight with the Marlam army which would undoubtedly lead to a vast loss of life. Therefore, I intended to go around from the area of Nangzang Monastery and I sent a secret messenger to Nangzang, but got an answer from them saying that, since the others had guaranteed my safe passage, that I should go with them. 

 	That, at least, settled what my route would be, but Drodog Chödrag knew about it and sent a message asking that I stay a little longer so that some young monks and traders could also be escorted from Markam. It also included a message with a threatening tone stating, ‘We had intended to have you come through Nangzang Monastery but when you were coming the lama had already left. Later on, we have to talk.’ But Nangzangpa said, ‘Whatever you do later on, our lama will take responsibility when you come’, and so forth, so that going through Nangzang again seemed feasible because of the extreme danger. 

 	Although it had already been determined that we would leave from Chatreng on the third day of the sixth month, up until the second, we had still not decided on which route. That day, at risk and out of alternatives, I performed kangso  with propitiation and divination as to whether going by way of Drodog, Nanzang, or, at others’ suggestions, by way of Litang or Gyältang to see which of these would be best. I used the ‘paper rolled in dough balls’ divination method and it came out that it was best to go by way of Gyältang. So that was the internal secret decision, while externally we continued to pretend that we would be going north by way of Drodog. 

 	Early on the third, before going, we had told only the monastery authorities that we would be going south through Gyältang. The information was kept so tightly secret from everyone else, that some of the monks and escorts who were coming along with us as traveling companions had already left in the direction of Drodog and had to turn around and come to Gyältang. That day our entourage left from Chatreng Sampeling Monastery and, as I thought back over the difficult situation that had developed there through the rejection of altruism, when we reached the mountain on the far side of the big bridge in front of the monastery, I felt like I was being liberated from a dark dungeon. 

 	Although I felt like I would never return there, when I thought about it, I remembered that I had left my mat and pandit’s hat on the throne in the monastery assembly hall, and reconsidering what I had done, I(it?) seemed like a bad sign, and I thought, ‘I will probably have to experience this bad smell again!’ Later on, when I was fifty-five in the year of the wood sheep, I was returning from China through Yarlam and, at the instructions of the Dalai Lama, I had to go to a number of Gelug monasteries in the south of Kham including Litang, Chatreng and Ba. 

 	Arriving back in Chatreng was a manifestation of the previous interdependent event. I had severed the strands of karmic connection, both good and bad, but they would not stay cut. Once again, because of being in the line of incarnations of the Ganden Tripa Jangchub Chöpäl, I had restored both the political and Dharma life of the Chatreng Monastery area and was supposed to have worked long and hard my with body, speech, and mind in many ways to insure that it would no longer degenerate but would continue to improve. Because of that, most of the lay and ordained people love me and have pure samaya with me. However, as Tukän Chökyi Nyima has said, 

52

 	
 	You teach them Dharma; they sin in return. 
 	
 	You benefit them with kindness; they harm you back. 
 	
 	You trust in them; they deceive you in return. 
 	
 	People of degenerate times are difficult to be with! 
 	
 	Also, as Chöje Zur Karwa Legshä Tsöl has said, 
 	
 	Even though you benefit people greatly, 
 	
 	With equanimity free from prejudice of high or low, 
 	
 	Many, without shame, repay you with dirt; 
 	
 	It causes me to generate renunciation! 
 	
 	As he said, some people who do not repay kindness and whose desires are impossible to fulfill – they want a mountain of food but without the mountain – and their followers, although they began many courses of action both early and late, intended and prepared to put my head into a sesame grinder. However, thanks to the compassion of the Guru and Three Jewels, the power of the truth of karma, and by the power of long being accompanied, like a body and its shadow, by the unfailing timely action of a Dharma Protector by the name of ‘Dorje’ (Dorje Shugden), I was freed from the impasse of negative conditions into a cloudless moonlit sky. 
 	
 	The evening of the day I left Chatreng Monastery, I spent the night at Ragtö Tashi Lhakang. 

 	Going through Wangshö, Gumnag, and so forth, I arrived at Gyältang Sumtsen Ling Monastery where I was met by an elaborate greeting party of the monastery’s abbots and ex-abbots, lamas, tulkus and officials and a golden procession of many monks. I stayed in the well-lit windowed residence above the large assembly hall. There, in the large hall, I gave Nyurlam Lamrim teachings and great initiation of Thirteen-Deity Vajra Bhairava to a Sangha of about two thousand monks. As requested by each of the eight different Kangtsäns such as Chatreng, I went and gave teachings and performed consecrations according to each of their wishes. I stayed there about three weeks. During that period I met a number of times with Gyältang Tongwa Lhakar Rinpoche’s previous incarnation who was over sixty years of age. When we first met he sort of tested me by asking many questions about Sutra and Tantra. I was not lacking for responses, which delighted him, and he attended my Lamrim teachings. Every year afterwards until he passed away he would send me a letter with a gift of gold as he traveled through Kham. 
 	
 	When I arrived in Lhasa, supreme Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongka told Lhakar Rinpoche who had been one class behind him when they had been at the monastery, that I definitely had great wisdom learning. Furthermore, I accepted invitations to visit Panglung Labrang and some of the other labrangs such as Kagyurtsang. Gyältang Sumtseling Monastery was founded during the time of the great Fifth Dalai Lama and as it was highly regarded by the Dalai Lama’s patron Narim and the Chinese emperor, there were many tangkas of figures such as Gushri Tänzin Chögyäl, Desi, and the successive Dalai Lamas, with documentation seals embroidered in golden thread, strung across tall pillars, like offerings on display. They are said to have their own tradition of each of the eight kangtsän having their own chant melodies for their practices of Sutra and Tantra, while joining together in one tradition of chant melody when they met for their great assembly. Gyältang Monastery, in its own system emphasized that members must set their name and cushion. 

 	Accordingly, I put my name on the list and made symbolic offering distributions at the great assembly and at tob kung (source of attainments) Chatreng Kangtsän. 
 	
 	From Gyältang, going through Rongpa Tangtö (upper Tang), and Tangmä (lower Tang), we arrived at the Drichu River. Descending for a day into the very steep Nyeri Gorge we arrived at Dabtang on the banks of the Drichu. Beams were prepared and lashed together, making a flat beam boat with nothing to prop yourself up against, on which, with great trepidation, we crossed over the great river Drichu. 
 	
 	53

 	After spending two days traveling along the river and extremely rough gorge we arrived at the place of the village of Kontserag, also known as Pomtserag. The next day, at Yarlam Shipäl Retreat, Tratang Rinpoche’s previous incarnation with locals dressed in their finest joined our retinue, and with a greeting party of lamas, tulkus, and officials from Döndrub Ling Monastery, we arrived there, and I stayed a number of days in Ludrub Labrang. 
 	
 	The previous incarnation of the present Ludrub Tulku was only about seven or eight years old at that time. I conferred the great initiation of Gantapa Five Deity Heruka Initiation to Tratang Rinpoche, the lamas, tulku, and entire Sangha. 
 	
 	I stayed for three days at Jöl Dechen Ling Monastery, in Zamdong Labrang, and gave the Sangha the general “Lord of the Three Family Je Rinpoche” jenang, and other teachings appropriate for the occasion such as long-life initiation. 

 	Zamdong Rinpoche’s previous incarnation, a good Dharma companion with whom I had attended teachings in Lhasa, had returned to his home country here and was giving long-life initiation to the public in one of the villages, when he was shot from the Pari forest by some bad local people and died of his wounds. 
 	
 	Then, traveling by way of the village called Jöldong, we crossed a small pass and stayed for three or four days at Tso Kamka lake. Gangkar Lama’s family and escorts from Zeudru Monastery came to greet me there. The escorts from Chatreng turned back, going in the direction of Nangzang. 
 	
 	Our party went through Tsala pass and arrived at Dranag Monastery. I gave the Sangha there, including Nyira Tulku, teachings such as commentary and transmission of the Foundation Of Good Qualities.  
 	
 	Passing successively through Chusumdo and Kapo Butsa villages, we arrived at the Zeudru Monastery and the family of Gangkar Lama. While staying there for over ten days the lama’s family treated us all with gracious hospitality. We felt so familiar with Rinpoche’s entourage it was as if we had arrived at our own home. In a very relaxed atmosphere, I gave the lay and ordained people of the monastery and local region the great initiation of the Great Compassionate One, and to the pure Sangha, I conferred Thirteen Deity Yamantaka. 

 	One day, the lama’s family gave me an extensive long life puja with Ganachakra. The lama told Ngaram Budor that in his vision that day he saw me as Master Padmasambhava, and it had caused him to remember situations connected with a number of my previous liftimes, such as when I had taken birth as the great translator Vairochana. Now, it is certainly possible that anything can appear to the vision of a yogi, but that does not prove it so! Because he had pure bond with me and great faith, I guess he had some kind of vision of purity but, other than that, I have nothing to say other than that I have not even the slightest scent of such predispositions, and do not even dream to presume that I caused the lama’s vision. I also offered an extensive long-life puja for the Lama Rinpoche with Ganachakra. 
 	
 	Whilst I was at Chatreng, Markam General Shelkar Lingpa wanted to sieze the southern part of Gangkar lama’s salt pits. He therefore deployed five hundred soldiers of their fourth army (in addition to local fighters from all regions of Markam) to suddenly secretly surround the lama’s household at Zeudru Monastery and subject them to a great deal of shelling and fire on them with other guns many times. However, just before the army secretly came, in the lama’s dream, like a prophecy, a garuda from Dragkar Tzong came and gave him iron pills of immortality to protect him from weapons, which he had accepted, and he was given an opened treasure box. Pointing out seven special monks by name, he was told that they must each be given a pill and, each carrying a single sword, that they must drive the opposing army to the site of the stupa at the mountain below the monastery and make them return from there, without dispute. The vast army just described was driven like sheep chased by wolves and had to leave their clothes, food containers, shoes, and so forth, on the battlefield and flee. A mortar shell fired by the soldiers even landed in the Gangkar Lama’s residence but failed to blow up. You can still see it there! 

 	The room where the treasure box with the iron pills is kept was pervaded by the smell of medicinal incense. The Lama Rinpoche let us view the treasure box, opened it for us, and gave us iron pills. As for the nature of the treasure box, it was filled up to about five finger widths with something like ‘naga mud’, while the width of the box was only about three finger widths, and it had various self-risen Deity images on its sides. It was filled to the brim with pills. Then, even though the lama gave each of my entourage and Chatreng people (about twenty of us), a generous amount of the pills, the pills immediately increased in number, not fitting in the box, and the overflow broke the cardboard, and then it stopped. It was something very wonderful that induced faithful belief. 

 	Before leaving I asked the Lama Rinpoche for observations on a few matters including the actions of my body, speech, and mind. In the lama’s clear dream, he said that there was a large old throne in a great assembly hall. Some people were gathered in front of it anxiously building a new throne when an impressive monk official, like a Lord Chamberlain, arrived. As soon as he arrived the throne builders peacefully passed away. The monk officials’ servant, wearing red garments, destroyed the new throne completely and swept up the remains and expelled all of the people completely. He said, ‘Sir, it is certain that negative conditions will not affect you. It seems that Gyalchen Dorje Shugden has arranged everything!’ With a booming voice, he proclaimed, ‘I can guarantee it!’ 

 	Later on, at the Great Prayer Festival of Lhasa in the year of the water monkey, one of Troti Tulku’s principal people, Chatreng Pälchug Dapön Geshe, was struck with a fatal disease and died. 

 	Seven days after that the tulku himself got sick and died. Even the people in Kham who had previously been involved in the mistaken planning and activities met with various calamities that caused their deaths not long after. 

 	Again, as regards to Gangkar Rinpoche, in the recognition of reincarnations or when people wanted to find things they had lost, he would check for signs in dreams or sometimes close his eyes for a little while and go into equipoise, and give predictions clearly pointing to: the region and location, village, direction the door of the house is facing, the family, and the name. His predictions would always certain, leading to finding that which was sought, I experienced it directly for myself a number of times. 

 	Not only that, when I first came out to Chatreng, the lama was white-haired but, when I came back to Yarlam later and met him again, his hair had turned black. He had great faith and aspiration towards the Thirteenth Dalai Lama and always said that he would not die as long as the Dalai Lama lived. When he later heard of the Dalai Lama’s passing he immediately said, ‘Now, it’s time for me to be an old monk!’ and he became a bit sick with water retention and passed away. He called his attendants before him and after they had all recited the Heart Sutra together, he said the GATE mantra once followed by a loud PHAT, and then passed away. Such events were clear credible signs of his accomplishment of realizations. Other than traditions of  Guru Puja, Yamantaka, Secret Hayagriva, ‘ One Story Stall Stupa’89, and the Protector Setrab, he practiced many Yidams and Dharmapalas for which he did not leave established lineages. 

 	As invited by the fourth Tzongpön Tai Jidrung Korpel, we left from Zeudru Monastery, 
going through Markham, Lhadun, Goshö, Pomda, Tsang, and so forth, towards Tzongkhang. There I gave Ku-ngo Tang-chäl, and for some of the Sangha of Özer Monastery the Sindhura Blessing of Vajrayogini, and to the lay and ordained public, I gave the great initiation of the Great Compassionate One. 

 	As invited by Markam Sasung General90 Shelkar Lingpa, I went to their army camp and gave a long life initiation. Özer Monastery had been newly rebuilt, moved from the site where it was originally founded to a place above Gartog. Invited to come there, I performed a consecration through chanting. 

 	Then, invited to Kyung Bum Lur Monastery, I went there especially to give Thirteen Deity Yamantaka great initiation to the Sangha. 

 	On the way we spent one night at Ribur Monastery. They were in the process of building a new three-dimensional Gyusamaja Mandala. They had some questions regarding elements of the 

89 gchod stan thog gchig ma 
90 mda dpon 
 	
 	55
 	
construction, which I cleared up for them, thus establishing a Dharma connection with them in relation to a few miscellaneous topics of which they had needed clarification to. 

 	I spent two days at Chagna Mutig (Pearl In The Hand) Monastery. Among the monks there was one who had previously been Cham Master in Lhasa at Tängyäling Dratsang. It was said that he was well trained in Cham, and one day they performed Cham such as of Mahakala, Dharmaraja, Päldän Lhamo, the Black Hat dance, and so forth. It was just like the Tängyäling Demo Gu Cham91of before. 

 	We crossed over the Sampa Dreng Dachu River and passed successively through monasteries and villages of Tsawa, Rong, Dugda, Tzogang Sang Nygag Ling, Uyag, Tsawa Kochen Tang, Pangda Monastery, Wako Mar-ri, Zhabyä Zampa, Lhotzong Zhitram Monastery, Tzito Monastery, Shodo Monastery, Poti Monastery, Lhatse Monastery, with me giving various initiations, transmissions, commentaries and so forth, as requested. Eventually we arrived at Chagra Pälbar and stayed at Pälbar Tzong and, as requested by Gyümä Ngagram Ngawang Chöjor, I gave commentary and transmission of the Abbreviated Lamrim 92 to the Sangha of the monastery. 

 	There was an oracular deity invoked there named Gönpo Tsedü Nagpo whose oracle was brought to us by Ngaram Ngag Chö. The deity entered the oracle with the oracle himself holding a drum in his left hand, which he would beat with a stick in his right hand. At the same time that we invoked the deity into the oracle, someone had to grab the drum as the oracle sat upright upon the throne. There is a good story about the origin of him beating the drum with his right hand, and some of his prophecies regarding later practice occurred just as he said. 

 	Then we crossed Shargong Pass and arrived at Ari Monastery. With an exchange of gifts, we met Ngaram Dampa’s relatives. We left Ala Chag Monastery, and before we arrived at Dotug, the chef named Namgyäl Dorje left early one morning and fell to his death from a steep narrow path. We spent the day there, performing Powa, making dedication prayers, and cremating his body. 

 	That evening we went through the pass and then, passing through Lhari Go, Kongpo, Gyamda, and so forth. When we arrived at Özer Gyang we were met and escorted by representatives of Ganden Dokang Kangtsän and Samling Mitsän. Dokang Kangtsän had prepared for us to stay at Tsunmo Tsäl Monastery, and we spent a day there. We made offerings there before the stupa of Dulzin Dragpa Gyältsän. It was long known that the stupa with Dulzin Rinpoche’s reliquary body was at Tsunmo Tsäl Monastery, and, in the meantime, because it was necessary to make some repairs to the place where it was being kept, Ganden Lhopa Gyälsä Tulku and Dokang Geshe Chödrag of the monastery administration brought me to perform argha–water–puja. When we broke the stupa open, among the holy objects placed inside, there was a wooden box where inside was the entire holy body with no decay and it had grown quite a bit of hair! It was wrapped in two namjar (monk’s robes), an old and a new one. There was an antique bowl in front of the body that seemed to have been filled with fruit. The fragrant scent of pure morality spread throughout a large area, confirming what I had heard from Geshe Chödrag while at the monastery.
 
 	The pujas, offerings and so forth that I made in preparation, delayed my journey a little longer, but at the beginning of the tenth month of the year, I arrived happily back at my room in Lhasa. It was like nectar to my eyes to once again see my peerlessly kind tutor Gän Yongzin Rinpoche, Geshe Sherab Rinpoche and the others and, in an atmosphere of auspicious happiness, we enjoyed a festive gathering as, day and night together, we talked about what had happened since we had last seen each other. Many different well-wishing relations came to see me. I went for the traditional arrival audience with the Great Dalai Lama at the Norbulingka Palace’s Sunlight Residence and a private audience with him at the Peak Residence93 at Jangchub Gakyil where I touched the crown of my head to the lotus feet of he who is the crown jewel of all existence and offered the tän sum mandala – representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind, one sang of 

91 de mo dgu ‘cham 
92 lam rim bsdus don, Je Rinpoche’s short Lamrim. 
93 dbu rtse’ gzim chung 
 	
 	56
 	
gold, one thousand Chinese dollars, and a few products from Kham. He had many questions about the situation in Kham and I answered him honestly, without fabrication. 

 	After that I went before the supreme Dorjechang Pabongkapa at Chusang Retreat. The moment I saw the mandala of his face which is more meaningful to see than a wish-fulfilling jewel that has been polished with sublime patience one hundred times, I bowed my head and made prostration. I made offerings such as silver and gold and felt the inexpressible joy and relief of hearing his voice in a long meeting. 

 	Chone Lama Rinpoche Lozang Gyatso Trin Pälzangpo was also staying at Chuzang Retreat. 
 	I went to meet him and afterwards attended whatever teachings he gave. 

 	At the beginning of the eleventh month, on the way to Ganden, at the new Bönpo Monastery below Ganden, officials such as the abbot’s representative, the Dokang official, Lozang Dargyä came to greet me to escort me from Shartse Dratsang and from the mouth of the Nyarong pass we went down to the bazaar. From there, a procession of Sangha from Shartse, the abbots of Shartse and Jangtse, lamas, tulkus, and monk officials escorted me with incense to the hall of Dokang Kangtsän where a feast of fried foods had been prepared. I received the governing council of the monastery, the Dratsangs, Kangtsäns, Mitsäns and so forth, many groups and individuals who came to greet me, offer khataks, and so forth. 

 	To celebrate our not having been harmed by the difficult conditions of our travel and stay in Kham and our successful return, I offered two teas and a serving of noodle soup during the general great Ganden assembly, offered each monk one sang and five zho of silver, and a package of grain. 

 	Additionally, as an offering to all in common, I arranged for a yearly offering of one tam94  to be made. 

 	At Shartse Dratsang I offered two services of tea and hot rice soup to the monks, and distributed three sang of silver and a package of grain to each monk. For all in common I offered long practice rugs, one for each of the eighteen long rows of monks in the assembly hall, accented with gold and lotus designs. For those such as the abbots, lamas, chant leaders and ritual assistants, I offered some square-shaped rug cushion, all with very nice fluff and a vermillion border design. I also arranged for one tam yearly offering to be made. 

 	At Jangtse Dratsang I made the two offerings of tea, one of soup, and a distribution of three sang of silver to each monk, and a yearly offering of one tam.  

 	At Dokang Kangtsän I offered tea and rice soup at the assembly and three sang and a package of grain for each monk. As a general offering, for the four tall pillars, I offered banners with copper and gold embossed cat-shaped heads, trunks of fine Russian rose brocade, and multicolored tail banners; two large sachets of powdered incense, one victory banner, and one tam donation. 

 	I served tea and made offerings to the monks at Dokang Samling Mitsän, Serkong Kangtsän and Serkong Kangtsän Mitsän. 
 	
 	Having also made a yearly donation at Ganden, I went and offered services at Marlam Dechen Sang Ngag Kar Monastery and offered gifts to my mother and others at the Gongko family estate. In Gungtang, I made day-long offerings of service and distributions of offerings at Chötri Dratsang and Zimshar Dratsang. I set up thanksgiving offerings up in my room in Lhasa and invited the oracle of my birth deities Dragshul Wangpo and Nyima Shonnu Principal and Entourage, presenting those offerings 

 	When I was twenty-nine in the year of the earth snake, I offered a tea service at the Great Prayer Festival and distributed offerings of three sho of silver to all of the Sangha. After Mönlam was over, I also made tea offerings and distributions at the great assemblies of Drepung and Sera Monasteries, Gyutö and Gyume Tantric Colleges and Chuzang Retreat. At Gyutö, I offered one hundred and fifty Five-Buddha-Family initiation crowns that I had had especially made in Chatreng. 
 	
94 50 srang 
 	
 	57
 	
 	That year, at Chuzang Retreat, from Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongkapa, I received commentaries on Guru Puja and Mahamudra based on the great Guru Puja commentary, the root Mahamudra text, and so forth. I received commentary on the generation and completion stage practices of Yamantaka again to renew the power of the commentary, and was fortunate to receive many other teachings that he gave. 

 	When I was thirty, in the year of the iron horse, in order to newly establish a Yamantaka practice session and renew the previous traditional Gantapa Heruka practice session that had declined, Gungtang Labrang’s war-officer, Magdrung Kälzang, asked me to give great initiations of Yamantaka and Heruka. I was suffering from a cold sickness, but not wishing to reject the urging of Magdrung Kälzang, at the beginning of the fourth month of the year, I went to Guntang and gave the initiations. That aggravated my illness and crossing the Tsangchu River there and back and so forth, worsened the cold condition until finally rheumatism confined me to my room. It was quite difficult and I could not go outside until the beginning of the eleventh month of the year. 

 	At that time Ganden Jangtse Tridag Rinpoche came to my room repeatedly performing ritual cleansing and ransoming types of rituals for averting negativity and again gave me a Wisdom Garuda jenang 95. As he advised me that it would be good if I could do a retreat, I did the retreat for a month. One night I dreamt that I myself was transformed into an elder Garuda about the size of a sheep and flew down on top of my room. Also, there were a lot of frogs poured onto a plate. I covered it with a cloth and caught the tips of the cloth and held them together underneath the plate with my left hand. The frogs on the plate caused the cloth to bulge up with their jumping. When I raised the edge of the cloth slightly with my right hand to look underneath, two frogs jumped out, but all the rest of the frogs had been squashed. They were sticking to the cloth, and there were red sores on their backs. I took it as a sign that some harm of demons had been pacified and with the combined care of Shelkar Doctor Jigme and the teacher physician of Chagpori, Kälzang-lag, the cause of the illness was gradually cleared up. I just missed getting called by the lord of death’s messengers! 

 	Tri Dagpo Ngawang Tashi’s incarnation, Tridag Rinpoche was also greatly learned in both Sutra and Tantra. He not only knew poetry, grammar, Sanskrit and so forth, but he had also mastered the practice of tantric ritual, including the dimensions and colors of mandalas. He had even perfected his knowledge of such things as tangka painting. He had received many initiations, transmissions and instructions from many holy beings such as Serkong Dorjechang and Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongkapa, but he was never bloated with pride thinking, ‘I am so great! I am a great scholar!’ and never acted like an ordinary lama showing off what little knowledge he had by waving flags from the top of the mountain! He was one who kept the lamp of his wisdom hidden inside the vessel. Indeed, Rinpoche and I had very pure samaya with the same guru, and were together a great deal. I knew that Rinpoche had a great deal of oral instructions of the Ganden Ear-Whispered lineage that he had received from Serkong Dorjechang, However, just like the metaphor of the old woman who comes to Lhasa but cannot see the Jowo Buddha statue, just as I was thinking that I must ask him for instructions on the oral lineage, Rinpoche fell ill and passed away. 

 	It was extremely regretful. 

 	My attendant Lhabu’s father named Tashi Döndrub who had served Dechen Pur Labrang as an administrator with pure altruism for many years, also took ill and died in the year of the earth snake, and in his last will, said that his youngest son Päldän Tsering, should likewise serve as a member of the labrang so, at the end of autumn that year, he came to my residence from the nomad lands with some livestock and escorts. I taught him how to read and recite and not long after, while he was still young, had him become a literature student with Lhaje Rigzin Lhundrup in east Nyarong at Lhasa. As is said, 

 	Not spoiled when you are very happy, 
 	
 	Nor escaping when you are very sad, 
 	
95 ye she kyung tra’ rjes gnang 
 	
 	58

 	On what sort of karma can you rely? 
 	
 	The mind of love is your highest servant! 
 	
 	Having served well as my attendant in the past, and continuing to serve me with altruism oblivious to fatigue of body, speech, and mind, it is this Päldän Tsering who has become this old man’s sole supporting ‘walking-cane’ in my old age. 
 	
 	When I was thirty-one, in the year of the iron sheep, I went to practically every teaching, great or small, that Lama Dorjechang gave, whether at Chuzang Retreat or Tashi Chöling Retreat, and also received, from Tsänzhab Tagdrag Dorjechang, great initiations of Guyasamaja, Jnanapada’s system Manjusri Vajra, and Atisha’s system Lokesvara, and quite a few reading transmissions such as the Ra and Päl96  volumes of teachings on Vajra Bhairava, the ‘mother text’ of the Mahakala collection, and the ‘son text’ about Hala Nagpo–black Ganesh. 
 	
 	That year at the end of autumn, delegates from the Chatreng Monastery and region, the officer of the general assembly Pag Ge Lozang Yeshe from Upper Chagong, and Butsa Gelong Tänpa Namgyäl from Pagpo, Treng side, came to invite me back to the monastery. 
 	
 	When I was thirty-two, in the year of the water monkey, the Chinese army arrived out of the Ba area of Domä. The government forces protecting Domä were not able to hold them and lost lands in Markam up to the mouth of the Bum pass, and so forth. There was great danger of the conflict reaching the capital, so our government had to get the British government to give us arms. 
 	
 	I spent most of the summer at Chuzang Retreat, receiving many teachings from Lama Dorjechang, such as commentary on the wheel of four activities of Vajra Bhairava. During that time and in break times, I also performed several Yidam Deity mantra recitation retreats. 
 	
 	In the tenth month of that year, the Ganden Tripa Sera Jey Lawa Kangtsän’s Lozang Gyältsän passed away. Although I did not receive any special invitation from his manager and so forth, I was called to assist by decision of His Holiness the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama from the Norbulingka Palace. When I arrived, Kuchar Tubtän Kunpel Pebgo, the Dalai Lama’s chief assistant, had been told that I must go to prepare and wash the reliquary body and perform the cremation rites for the Ganden Tri Rinpoche who had passed away the previous day. 
 	
 	I hurried to the throne-holder’s residence at Purchog Labrang. When I arrived there, the Namdrä Lobpön Kuzhab Sönam-lag had also come with a message from the Great Dalai Lama that since he and I knew the procedures for performing the rites for the reliquary body, that we should do it, and that Purchog Tulku Rinpoche, must pay good attention in order to gain experience of the traditional methods for the future. When I thought about this injunction later on, I believe it was the special clairvoyant insight of His Holiness the Thirteenth Dalai Lama seeing that he would pass away the following year, and that Purchog Rinpoche and the two of us would have to be the ones to come and do the same for his own precious remains. 
 	
 	In accordance with his intention and command, we offered the bathing ritual for the throneholder’s remains the entire day before his cremation, performed self-initiation and so forth, and cremated the holy body at Pabongka Retreat. I acted as vajra master and performed the ritual according to Tukän Chökyi Nyima’s text. Purchog Rinpoche also came and very carefully watched the entire process from the offering of the bath onwards, beginning to middle to end. 
 	
 	When I was thirty-three, in the year of the water ox, after Prayer Festival, during the Tagtsä practice session at Ganden, the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama came to Ganden. Not daring to remain relaxing in Lhasa, I went directly to Ganden and joined the Bhairava ritual being performed at Shartse. During that period I received a private audience with His Holiness in the Clear Light residence throne room. He asked me some questions about the teachings and about offering of practice at Ganden, etc., and I reported on what I knew of the previous tradition. After his visit to Ganden, the Dalai Lama returned to Lhasa. 
 	
 	When I was at Ganden, my debate partner for training in reasoning had been Pukang Geshe Ngawang Lozang, one of the best students out of all of the three monastic universities. He and I had 

96 ( rwa) and ( dpal) 
 	
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the same samaya bonds for many years. He fell ill in his room in Lhasa, while I was still at Ganden this time, and died before I arrived back in Lhasa. I felt extremely great disappointment and regret that I had not been able to see him again before he died. After that I dedicated a great deal of virtuous roots on his behalf. 
 	
 	At the end of the summer session, I invited Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa to my room at Chuzang Retreat to give the seventeen Mahakala jenangs. As that was happening, a special messenger from the Norbulingka Palace brought word that I must come to the Norbulingka early the next day. 

 	When I arrived there, Kuchar Kunpel Gyükay Pebgo had received a petition from Chatreng Monastery and the people of the area. The lay and ordained people of Kham were asking for advice to help alleviate the upheaval in spiritual and temporal affairs that had occurred since I had left Kham so suddenly. Also there was some information obtained by spies that had to be conveyed concerning the bad intentions and preparations to invade from the side of the Chinese. They were also asking for extensive and detailed advice concerning what rituals should be performed. Since there was no way that I could prepare to go that year, I asked permission to postpone traveling to Kham until the following year, and received answer that I should prepare to do that. 
 	
 	There were three more jenangs and the secret Mahakala instructions that had been left over to receive from the Mahakala teachings. Later I received them from Nalenda Kyabje Zimog Rinpoche. 
 	
 	Although I intended to go to Kham and had sent Chatreng general assembly’s Lozang Yeshe to India to gather necessary items, that year, on the thirtieth day of the tenth month, the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama passed into the sphere of dharmadhatu97. The support of the teachings, Purchog Jamgön Chogtrul, Tsänzhab Tagdrag Drojechang, Tsänzhab Sera Mey Kongpo Gyälwang Tulku, Sera Jey Hardong Keutsang Tulku, Kyabje Ling Rinpoche, myself, and two young monks from Namgyäl Monastery, had to go provide the necessary services such as the rituals to be performed to accomplish the precious relics. For this reason, my trip to Kham was postponed. We performed the ritual for accomplishing the precious remains in the Servant98 
Palace’s top floor Sizhi Pälbar residence, performed the reliquary body ablutions, and began the weekly offerings of salt and so forth. 
 	
 	Then, after some days had passed, at Norbulingka Palace, all of the high attendants such as Kuchar Tubtän Kunpel and the doctor Jampa, came from the Great Assembly of Tibet to ask many questions concerning the sickness that had caused the Dalai Lama’s passing and the medical treatment that he had been receiving. Finally some officials were imprisoned and Tubtän Kunpel Kongpo and a few others were expelled to faraway places in different directions. 
 	
 	In the twelfth month, the precious relics of the Dalai Lama were brought to the Ganden Illumination residence on the eastern side of the Potala. From that time on until the golden stupa had been built to house the relics, for about a full year, the rituals for accomplishing and making 
offerings to the relics and so forth naturally had to be done every day. The dimensions for the reliquary stupa and all of the preparations for the blessed items to be placed inside were all done by orders given to us by the new regent Ratreng Rinpoche and the political minister Yabzhi Langdun Gung. 

 	Accordingly, when the dimensions for the stupa were marked on the base cloth, it was made a cubit taller than dimensions inscribed on the cloth under the golden stupa of the Great Fifth Dalai Lama in the broad eastern side of the Potala. Later on, when Ratreng Rinpoche obtained the juniper wood for the life pole that sits vertically in the stupa, spontaneously, without any pre-planning, it was exactly the right length to run from the top, inside the stupa, down to the lotus seat upon which the vase of the stupa rests. 
 	
 	Concerning life axis poles for stupas in general, although they must reach the ‘lotus of the ten virtues’, when performing the ritual for putting in the life axis pole for the mandala of the ‘Two 

97 His Holiness the Dalai Lama 
98 ( spyan bsal) 
 	
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Stainless Ones’, the mandala is placed at the level between the vase cushion and lotus and the base of the life pole must rest on top of that; it was that system that was followed. 
 	
 	When I was thirty-four, in the year of the wood dog, as I was doing services for the precious relics, on the sixteenth of the second month of the year, my house manager Rigzin suddenly died of a stroke. All of the responsibilities for pujas and arrangements had to be handled by myself and my attendant, Lhabu. As I mentioned earlier, my deceased manager had been of little intelligence and his luck had been bad. He had been very poor in grain, money and necessities and sometimes even had to go into the village to borrow tsampa from neighbors, and the herder, lacking enough for the whole year, had to get an advance from the nomads around the end of the spring season. The under-managers had a lot of dung for fuel, empty butter flasks and kindling, so we had it rather difficult for several months. However, even though Lhabu and I did not do anything because we had little power to clear blockage or summon good fortune, by the blessings and power of the Three Supreme Jewels of Refuge, things gradually improved year by year and began to be very pleasant. I also had the opportunity to do more and more accumulation practice, offerings and Sangha distributions, as if I had a well that continued to pour forth more and more water. 
 	
 	That year Tsipön ‘Finance Minister’ Lungsharpa Dorje Tsegyäl and Kalön Trimönpa Norbu Wangyäl had uncontrolled arguments over control of the government, and many lay and ordained supporters on both sides were urged to fight over various issues. Finally Tsipön Lungshar’s was arrested and thrown in prison and, on the eighth day of the fourth month, at the punishment room beneath the Potala Palace, his two eyeballs were torn out from the roots, and he was sentenced to life in prison. Some of his colleagues were also banished to far distant outposts. 
 	
 	When the Dalai Lama had been alive, by his virtuous means, Tsipön Lungsharpa and the Dalai Lama’s personal attendant, Kuchar Thubtän Kunpel, were both very powerful. At the time, government officials of high, middling, and lower level had to all seek Kuchar Kunpel’s approval in particular, and even some of the government offices had to petition him for his consent. Yet, as it is said in the Vinaya scriptures, 
 	
 	In all times and circumstances products degenerate, 
 	fall, are scattered and destroyed. 
 	
 	The unbearable things that so suddenly happened to those two, their relations and families, and many events that occurred in the preceding and following years showed the suddenly fluctuating nature of samsara from pleasant to unpleasant and youth to old age. It greatly increased my feelings of disillusionment and renunciation. 
 	
 	That year I went to the Potala every day to do rituals accomplishing the relics and, of course, renewing the offerings every week. After they were removed from the cremation structure, beginning from the time that the site for the reliquary stupa was appropriated, as stages of the construction were finished we began putting the blessed contents inside. 
 	
 	In regard to the filling of stupas, there are many mantras from well-known printings for the purpose published at the time of Desi Sangye Gyatso but, we used those known as the ‘Secret sealed printing of mantras behind the backdoor of the Potala Palace’99. Everything was done without mistake in accordance with these two sources. 

 	In addition, following the index in the Great Fifth Dalai Lama’s Golden Trunk Sole Ornament of the World, we placed treasure vases of Golden Tzambala, White Tzambala, Vaisravana, Vasudhara, the Goddess of the Earth, and the Five Buddha Families inside the sub-base mountain foundation. Inside the facing golden throne, in the center and at the four sides are housings for Six-Armed Mahakala, Dharmaraja, Päldän Lhamo Magzorma, male and female Yaksha, and the Five Families of Gyälpo King Spirit Guardians. Inside each of the structures were placed outer, inner and secret bases of the respective Dharmapalas such as their life crystal, life

99 These included the five great dharanis that were placed inside at the lower, middle, and upper levels, and protection wheels of male and female Yakshas; from the Great Fifth Dalai Lama’s Illuminating Sun Clearing Mistakes in Filling Mantras,  and The Crystal Mirror,  from Changkya’s teachings. 
 	
 	61
 	
wheel, and bases of body, speech, and mind. In addition, the thread constructions, substances, and mantras, request of aims and consecrations were all done in a fully qualified manner as explained in the collected works on each of those Deities. 
 	Inside the tip of the stupa, such as inside the sun and moon, we placed peaceful, increasing, and controlling Migtsema wheels, a wheel for the summoning of Sangha, White Umbrella Deity’s environmental protection wheel, Flow of the Ganges–essential words for summoning the three realms from the very sacred sadhana of Venerable Kurukula: 1) First of the three controlling goddesses among the Thirteen Golden Dharmas of the Glorious Sakyas. Also, following the textbook of Dagpo Tashi Namgyäl  Source of Siddhis, there was the wheel of powerful nature, the wheel for powerfully summoning the three realms, and the wheel for accomplishing all purposes. Following the Wish Fulfilling Tree, the precious text explaining how to accomplish the four activities by means of the secret heart wheel of Great Red Ganesh; 
 	2) Second of the powerful deities, the increasing and controlling wheels with each having three stacked wheels of earth, sky, and the space between. Then there were nine-fold stacked wheels for above, below, and the space between, such as male and female wheels and sun and moon point-striking wheels as explained in Luminous Blazing Jewel,  the sadhana of the wrathful Deity Kagchöl Sumbaraja; 
 	3) Third powerful deity, with the making of the base for drawing all of these, the substances with which to anoint them, the time to draw them, the accomplishment of them, and so forth, all done in unmistaken order in accordance with the treatises of the particular deity and the writings of the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, Touching and Seeing the Bouquet of Red Utpala That Unravels Difficult Points of the Three Red Ones, and the explanation of wheels,  Hooks Summoning the Three Realms, which are very detailed in regard to invoking and requesting the Deity to remain, as found in the index of The Great Golden Trunk That Grants Virtue And Goodness.  The Regent Ratreng Rinpoche, the minister Silön Yabzhi Langdun Kunga Wangchug, Kalön Trimön (the reliquary stupa official), and four of the Dalai Lama’s ordained entourage, together we all gathered in the Dalai Lama’s Potala residence, Ganden Yangtse, to roll the blessing mantras to put inside the reliquary stupa and perform the services for creating the stupa. There were fifty large boxes of sacred objects from the government. We opened each one of them finding wondrous inexpressibly precious objects holding the blessings of holy beings of India and Tibet of all traditions such as relics, pieces of clothing, strands of hair, bones and other objects. We prepared some from each of these and offered them inside the stupa at whatever was the appropriate level. Those of us who were serving the precious reliquary body at that time also had the good fortune to receive gifts of a bit of some of the blessed objects. I kept them as a most special treasure of rare precious things along with other blessed objects from indisputably reliable sources that I happened to receive at local monasteries in central Tibet and Tsang when I later went on pilgrimages to the places such as Lhoka listed below. The Tibetan year was 2600. When I escaped from the oppression in Tibet and came to India in the year of the earth boar, 1959, I brought it with me and have some of it in this very room. The majority, however, I offered to His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, along with a list of its contents, so that it may be preserved as a field of merit for living beings. Once it was determined that the moisture of the holy body was mostly dried up from having applied salt to it over and over again, the flesh became tightly drawn against the skeletal structure, and on the lower back starting from about the thirteenth vertebrae, an image of Lokesvara with head, arms, legs and lotus cushion about six inches tall could be seen bulging forth. This magnified our awe-felt devotion.
 
 	When I was thirty-five, in the third month of the year of the wood boar, all of the upper and lower sections of the golden reliquary stupa were filled except for the vase. We performed the ritual for putting the victory banners into each of the gold and copper victory banners at the peak of the temple by means of White Umbrella Deity and Migtsema. We performed the rituals for placing blessed bases such as of Päldän Lhamo, Chamsing, and so forth in the hearts. We offered the mantras also into the tip of the guilded pagoda roof and during auspicious days of the waxing side of the moon cycle of the month of Saga Dawa, placed the three Dharma robes on the precious reliquary body as well as the clothing of the Sambogakaya including the Five-Buddha family crown. As we were doing this and placing the body on the cushion and inside the vase, the government offered an elaborate auspicious ceremony. Then, with the regent Ratreng Rinpoche leading the complete assembly of monks, we performed extensive consecration for three days by means of Shri Varjabhairava. 

 	After that, the government gave a banquet in the ‘Sizhi Puntsog’ the great meeting hall of the Potala Palace to celebrate the completion of the golden reliquary stupa ‘Geleg Döjo’–Wishfulling Virtue. The reliquary stupa official Zhabpä Trimönpa, the construction official Ngolä, the artisans, and all who helped take care of the holy remains were given presents. I received a complete set of clothing including lower ( zän sham) robe, upper ( tö gag) robe, Dharma ( chö gö) robe ,  nam jar robe, a tse zha, feather-stitched monk’s hat, shoes, plus a box of fine tea and other things such as silver, silk and fabric. From first attending to the holy reliquary body to offering the mantras inside the golden ‘Geleg Döjo’ stupa and performing the consecration for the container and contents, it had taken about a year and a half. I didn’t mind the tiring work that had been involved and I thought it was my supreme good fortune to have had the responsibility to provide this pure service. 

 	During summer retreat I went to Ganden. Requested by Ganden Jangtse Para Kangtsän, in the assembly hall of Ganden Jangtse, I gave Guyasamaja Akshobyavajra initiation, including the additional preparatory day, to a vast Sangha of both Ganden Jangtse and Ganden Shartse. I went to Para Kangtsän for a week to institute a Guyasamaja practice session. Because I was not able to go personally to the small local Chatreng Monastery, my representatives, Pawo Butsa and Gelong Tänpa Namgyäl went back. With some money sent from Dong Dratsang from their general fund to cover expenses and the addition of contributions of some Chatreng people in Lhasa, I sent enough resources to Chatreng Sampel Ling Monastery to have artists create a fine brocade patchwork tangka, over three stories high, principally, of Ganden Lhagyäma (Je Tsongkhapa’s Guru Yoga) merit field, with the two previous Ganden Tripas, Dharmaraja and Trinlä Gyälpo–King of Activity.  

 	When I was thirty-six, in the year of the fire rat, at the beginning of the second month, Gän Rinpoche Lozang Tsultrim, who was sixty-seven years of age and very slender, felt a bit unwell and went to see the Shelkar doctor Jigme-la. He was given medicine, pujas were done, and attendants did everything they could, but at dusk on the evening of the fifteenth of the second month he passed away. It was very painful but there was nothing else we could do. We had to bear up, and I gave his body ablution and so forth, with my own hands. From the time I was seven, with a very young sprout of a body, up to this year, it had been principally been thanks to his kindness tirelessly giving me Dharma advice, that this donkey had entered the ranks of human beings. 

 	Moreover, from the temporal side as well, during times such as when my previous and later managers had passed away, he had carried on administrating the labrang singlehandedly, giving me advice in that realm as well, so that the extent of his kindness to me in both temporal and spiritual realms was completely beyond my comprehension.
 
 	Because I had always associated closely with Gän Rinpoche it was difficult to practice guru devotion toward him in a completely proper way. Although I had managed to never disappoint him, because guru devotion is so important and potent, whereby in dependence upon even very small good or bad actions directed toward the guru result in extremely beneficial or disastrous results respectively, in the presence of his corporal form I confessed with regret all mistakes I had made. 

 	After that we brought his sacred remains to Chuzang Retreat where monks of Gyütö Tantric College and I performed the ritual cremation. At each of the Ganachakras at Gyütö and Gyümä Tantric Colleges, and at the three monastic seats I made public distributions and made as many offerings for his passing as I could to elders such as those at the three Dharma Wheels 100–Lhasa, Samye, and Tradrug–Falcon-Dragon–Temple. 
 	
 100 Three principal temples of Tibet 

 63

 	Supreme holy Gän Rinpoche was born in the Domä Nangzang Kongjar household in the iron horse year of the fifteenth sixty-year cycle. He entered Ganden Shartse Monastery and completed study of the five great treatises, becoming supremely learned. In the year of the iron dog, at the Lhasa Great Prayer Festival, he stood for Geshe Lharampa examination and took the award for second place. When the years of the Ganden Shartse abbotship of Känpo Pukang Lozang Kyenrab was over and he asked to retire, in the five years before Känpo Nyagre Lodrö Chöpel became abbot, the great Thirteenth Dalai Lama was considering whether ‘Trijang Rinpoche’s tutor, Lozang Tsultrim’ should be appointed abbot. But when the time that he might become abbot neared, he appealed to those such as Deyang Tsänzhab Rinpoche that, because of continued competition for the post and his not knowing about politics, that he be excused from becoming abbot. If it had been someone else, they might have accepted the great Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s appointment with delight, seeing it as the ultimate object of their desire. However, Gän Rinpoche was never pleased by such discussion, and at that time it caused him great concern so that he couldn’t sleep for many days. He became sick with lung (energy) imbalance in his upper body that caused his eyes to often fill with tears and he had to ask Chatreng Nyitso Geshe Trinlä for support, etc. 

 	Gän Rinpoche’s daily activity began with rising in the early dawn and performing practices such as  Guru Puja, Six-session Guru Yoga, Yamantaka sadhana, Medicine Buddha, and various prayers. Then, when he wasn’t doing something like teaching class or studying scripture, he would persevere in reciting Migtsema’s, Maitreya dharanis, or Mani mantra’s and would never spend a moment in meaningless conversation. 

 	When he stayed at Ganden, many students from both Jangtse and Shartse Colleges came to him for classes every day, which he taught without ever showing sign of fatigue or discouragement. 

 	The many excellent students he produced had already taught students of their own who, even by that time, had already become Geshes; thus he had left a great legacy of service to the teachings. 

 	To explain just how Gän Rinpoche taught, although he would not endlessly elaborate, he was someone who summarized very difficult and essential points in a few words that included vast meaning yet were easy to understand. When I was studying Paramita for instance, at the young age of about twelve or thirteen, I lacked great interest or ability to understand, but Gän Rinpoche, without using long texts like Je Tsongkhapa’s Essence of Eloquence of the Provisional and Definitive, taught me such things as the Three Jewels of Refuge and Bodhicitta with instructions suited to my level on the basis of shorter textbooks, in each case teaching me a reasoning that left me with a deep impression of the meaning of the text. Like the example of a single stone shot from a sling that chases away a hundred birds, it enabled me to understand the beginning, middle, and end of the text, and get a sense of its overall structure. 

 	A bit more than two years had transpired since his passing when we found his reincarnation. As he did not have the title and so forth of a tulku, I took close care of him myself and eventually entered him into study with the general Sangha. By raising him I hoped to be able to return his kindness and I dedicated a ten million mantra Yudrönma retreat called Pänpo Sengey Gangi Lama for him. Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongkapa the supreme also, setting a precedent, in answer to a request for a divination regarding his incarnation had written, 

       At the time of the full moon he was invited 
 	Onto the tip of a path of white light 
 	Coming from the heart of Buddha Maitreya. 
 	Now, in the land of Tushita, 
 	He resides in the entourage of Aparajita.101 

 101 Maitreya, Mipam Gönpo, The Unconquerable Protector 
 	
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 	The date is not affixed to this ‘seed letter’102 but, as it stated that when he passed away, at the time of the full moon, he took birth in Tushita heaven, it not only decided that his incarnation should be sought, it also catalyzed and increase of devotion and faith in him. 

 	In the third month, when I went to Ganden to make offerings in commemoration of Gän Dampa’s passing, as requested by Ganden Shartse Lhopa Geshe Ngawang Tashi, I gave sixty-two Deity Heruka initiation of mahasiddha Luipa’s system in the Ganden Shartse meeting hall, to a Sangha, including abbots, lamas and tulkus, of both Ganden Shartse and Ganden Jangtse. 

 	During summer session that year a work party at Ganden Shartse Tratsang began and, in the viewing circle on the four sides of the meeting hall where elaborate offerings were arranged, I offered patch-worked fine brocade tangkas of the Thirty-five Confessional Buddhas amidst garlands and half-garlands of jewels, and door screens of half garlands with images of Setrab. At Dokang Kangtsän for the spaces between the twelve short pillars of its meeting hall I had new assembly banners made of patchwork brocade with head ornaments and twelve incense sachets.
 
 	Having done that I went to Ganden and, during Ganden Ngamchö, Je Tsongkhapa’s anniversary day, I made offering distributions at Shartse tratsang and each kangtsän’s and arranged for perpetual offerings to be made. Similarly, at Ganden Jangtse Tratsang, I made an offering distribution and offered fifty ounces of silver as capital for perpetual offerings.
 
 	When I was thirty seven, in the year of the fire ox, in order to do purification for Gän Rinpoche’s passing and my own obstacle year of age 37, I made reverent offering distributions at the Great Prayer Festival to accumulate merit. At Gyütö Tratsang in addition to distributions I made for Gän Rinpoche’s passing, I started a perpetual offering of one tam–fifty ounces of silver–to be made every year on the full moon of the second month. 

 	At the wish of my sister Yangtzom Tsering who was staying with the Lhalu Gatsäl household, in the Lhalu protector temple I offered outer, inner, and secret bases of Lhamo Magzor Gyälmo (the Goddess Queen of War-Päldän Lhamo’s) body, speech, mind, qualities, and activities as well as her tendö– thread construction. I also performed seven days of rituals for enshrining bases and accomplishing the thread construction, combining the pure practices as taught in the Päldän Lhamo scripture collection and qualified treatises by authors such as the Great Fifth Dalai Lama and Tukän Rinpoche. 

 	At Chuzang Retreat meeting hall, I received the following from Kyabchog Dorjechang: the ultimate peak essence of all classes of tantra for those of highest faculties, the instructions that enable one to attain the state of Vajradhara in this very lifetime, the completion stage practice of Shri Guyasamaja and a very detailed commentary to Rim-Nga-Säl-Drön–The Lamp Illuminating The Five Paths.  

 	At the point he explained about the illusory body he arranged very extensive offerings, tormas, and Ganachakra offerings. With Lama Dorjechang himself generated as the principal Deity of the mandala, we made outer, inner, secret, and suchness offerings and made the prayer requests for the teachings on illusory body according to the tradition of the great secret tantra. At that time when he made those illusory body offerings purely, I also wrote this song in offering: 

       Lama Dechen Nyingpo, embodiment of all Gurus and Buddhas, 
 	Gave instructions on Shri Guysamaja, pinnacle of tantras, 
 	His melodious speech unimpededly resounding with Dharma; 
 	Not even Brahma and Indra enjoy such good fortune! 
 	
 	Although bliss of the Sambogakaya mandala is inexpressible, 
        This happy song of joy springs forth from within! 
 	As I offer it to delight the incomparable Guru, 
 	Assist me, O vajra brothers and sisters with pure samaya! 

102 sa-bön gyi yi-ge, i.e. a source letter to establish Gän Rinpoche’s incarnation lineage. 
 	
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 	Though my intelligence and effort is inferior 
 	By the power of the blessings of Guru Akshobyavajra, 
 	I dance with joy in our good fortune! 
 	We can cross the pass of the swift path of unexcelled great secrets! 
 	
 	In the wheel of mandalas of infinite pure lands, 
 	The rise and fall of the breath itself sounds as secret mantra, 
       All energy of the winds that emanate the three realms of existence, 
       Is caught inside avadhuti–the path-void-of-two103, what joy! 
 	
 	Clear light of equal taste with the sphere of twenty-four projections, 
       The primordial innate-born smiling youth, 
 	Is ceaselessly released in illusory clouds of five colored light, 
       The dancer filling mandalas pervading space 
 	
 	Though appearing as a heap of marks and signs, having a nature of wisdom, 
        Unobscured wisdom itself, expressing in form, 
 	Goddess of unification, one taste appearing as many, 
 	May we experience gloriously endowed Akanishta pure land! 
 	
 	Thanks to the kindness of the Mahasiddha Indrabhodhi, 
 	Many were liberated without pushing or hardship, it is said. 
 	E Ma! Encountering such an excellent profound path, 
 	I believe what we call ‘Odianna’ must be just like this! 
 	
 	With powerful armor-like patience to liberate mother beings, 
       By realizing the meaning of the tantra endowed with the vowels and consonants,104 
 	And purifying all stains of extreme dualistic delusions, 
 	May we sing ecstatic songs of the Ali of space105! 
 	
 	I was happy to hear the incomparable Guru expressed his delight in hearing it. Yet, spending my whole life amidst the hubbub, I lacked the good fortune to practice as I wished. This was definitely a result similar to its cause stemming from a powerfully negative karmic tendency in previous lives. 
 	
 	At autumn break, a small entourage with Lhabu and I departed from Lhasa to travel in turn to Yarlam Ganden, Mäldro Katsäl, Gyäteng, Chäka Monastery, Pangsa, Rinchen Ling Monastery, and Rutog Monastery. We crossed Täkar Pass arriving at Ölka Tzingchi and Samling. Then, crossing Gyäl Long pass, we arrived at Chökor Gyäl, Lhamö Lhatso, Gyäl Lhatog, the great shrine of Daglha Gampo106, and Zanglung Retreat. On the return route we came through Ölka Chuzang and Chölung, Gyasog, Lhading, and Nyima Ling, and we spent a few days at the hot springs below the tzong at Ölka. Although the bases of body, speech and mind (of Gampopa Dapo Lhaje) at Daglha Gampo were incredible, their small size was a little disappointing. I went to Gampo to meet Gampo Rinpoche thinking to ask him a few questions about the genuine Mahamudra and Six-Yogas Teachings. Perhaps he was bashful but I didn’t get anything more than a nice-sounding short response. 
 	
103 ( gnyi spang lam) winds leaving the two side channels to enter the central channel. 
104 the Sanskrit vowels and consonants. 
105 ( a li la mo) ali is the Sanskrit vowels, lamo means space, mountain, earth or swift. The words modify (dga glu) the song of joy. 
106 A Kagyü monastery founded in 1121 by Gampopa Dagpo Lhaje on a power site, the ‘’head of the ogress’, by King Songtsän Gampo and transformed into a terma repository by Padmasambhava. 
 	
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 	We crossed Kartag Pass and went to Zangri Karmar, Dänsa Tel, and Ön Ngari Tratsang. We crossed the Tsang Chu River at Nyangpo and arrived in Tsetang. There we went to visit many notable sites107. 

 	At Sheldrag, when I offered Ganachakra before Guru Rinpoche, the image of Guru Rinpoche became more and more resplendent like his actual form, and I saw the eyes seem to move. It seemed as if about to speak but I didn’t hear anything. Yet I felt unusual all day long, with spacious non-objectified blissful awareness that was inexpressible. I realized it was the blessings of the Second Buddha of Ogyän. 
 	
 	Having given whatever teachings that were requested at most of the monasteries mentioned above, and having thus made various Dharma connections, I stayed for a few days at the Kemä lands. At the wish of the Sangha of Riwo Chöling I gave great initiation of Guyasamaja Akshobya Vajra. 
 	
 	The path back took us across the valley of the Tsangpo river, crossing by boat. After long audiences with the elders of glorious, immutable and spontaneously established Samye Monastery I passed successively through upper and lower Chimpu and Yamalung, where I made the thousand offerings, hundred offerings, Ganachakra offerings, and so forth, to the elders as mentioned above, In addition, I provided service for the Sangha communities, generally creating whatever suitable accumulations that I possibly could. As for the characteristics, stories, Dharma histories and biographies of the holy beings and sacred objects of those places, they are explained in the Kyäntse source text so I won’t elaborate on them here. 
 	
 	Then, by way of Gökar Pass we arrived back to the rocky ground of Lhasa. During winter session that year, I went to Ganden and made a distribution of offerings and also made any offering of four fine large hand-made banners made with heads of cast gold and copper and a new style of brocade coming out of China that had designs of large dragons with tiger borders to adorn the four tall front pillars of the assembly hall. 
 	
 	When I was thirty-eight, in the year of the earth tiger, the sole protector of humans and gods, Dorjechang Pabongkapa the great, as he had been requested many times before, finally agreed to give the explanatory commentary on the Great Stages of the Path to Enlightenment in connection with the four great sets of annotations 108 at the victorious land of Ganden Mountain. I left early for Ganden and made preparations, collecting necessary items to make requests, and so forth. In the meadow next to the river running below the monastery tents were pitched and other preparations were made to receive and greet him. When he and his entourage arrived there, I offered khatak and the three symbols of enlightened body, speech, and mind and served as his attendant for the day. 
 	
 	The next morning early, when he came to Ganden Monastery, we and the Ganden Shartse abbot and officials, lamas and tulkus such as Zong Rinpoche Lozang Tsöndru, holding incense, escorted him from near the entrance of the main assembly hall to the teaching throne that had been 
 	prepared in the meeting hall of Dokang Kangtsän. The Ganden Shartse abbot and the tratsang’s abbot, lamas, and officials sitting in rows were served tead, rice, fried food, fruit and so forth in succession. The tratsang and I offered khatak and the three symbols. When the ceremony was over we went up to our rooms and before going to his room, as we had requested, he kindly wafted incense in my attendant’s and my rooms and the rooms of the kangtsän teachers. 
 	
 	For several days I made continual prayers to Kyabje Pabongka and his entourage from my room. Then, before the teachings took place, I offered to the precious Guru and his entourage suitable nutritious food that was especially good because of the quality of the ingredients, butter, flour, tsampa, tea, and so forth, things that were offered and did not need to be bought at market. I 

107 Ngachö tratsang, Ganden Chökor, Namgyäl Temple, the Nedong Tse group, Bäntsang Monastery, Tradrug Tsuglakang, Riwo Chöling, Yambu Lagang, some shrines in Yarlung, Lharu Mänpay Gyälpo, Tagchän Bumpa, Tashi Chöde, Rechungpa’s cave, Tangpoche, and the tomb of King Songtsän Gampo, some shrines at Chänyä Monastery to Medicine Buddha Rinchen Dawa, mountain shrines to Medicine Buddha Tönpa Tsänleg Yongdrag, Chong Gyä Riwo Dechen, Göntang Bumo Che, Tsäntang Yü Lhakang, the Sheldrag practice cave and Jasa Temple. 
108 ( mchan bzhi sbrags) 
 	
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repeatedly checked the quality of ingredients that required it, such as vegetables, and offered them in portions of suitable size. 
 	
 	On the third day of the fifth month, a suitably and astrologically auspicious day, he was invited to the great assembly hall of Shartse Tösam Norbuling Tratsang where his arrival was greeted with gyaling (oboes) and incense. We then brought that embodiment of all the Buddhas, the precious guru of all beings of the three realms, to the throne of the fearless Dharma on which he placed his lotus feet. 
 	
 	With his smiling face that was meaningful to set eyes upon, he the abbot of both Shartse and Jangtse, ex-abbots, lamas, tulkus and officers, a huge Sangha assembly109, as well as lamas, geshes, and renounced ascetic retreatants coming from Sera, Drepung and the Lhasa area, a vast audience of over two thousand came to listen to his teachings110 .  He gave a very precise explanatory commentary by way of the four great sets of annotations111. Taking Pänchen Lozang Yeshe’s speech, Lamrim Nyurlam, as the basis for experiencing practice of the subjects beings explained, he was very kind to begin the teaching with experiential commentary on the way to practice. 
 	
 	On the first day, for the sake of the auspicious connection, Precious Guru checked our memorization of Lamrim Chenmo from the beginning three times, after which I recited it once. I distributed offerings to the assembly that day. From that day onwards, like the first long day, he continued to teach two sessions daily, beginning just after noon and concluding when it got dark.
 
 	Later on, when summer session was about to start he had to add an extra session of teaching, yet Lama Rinpoche never showed the slightest fatigue. He lived his life in a state of delight, with a loving nature that had abandoned discouragement. 
 	
 	During the teachings, except when there were sponsors who took responsibility to distribute offerings to the assembly, I offered a tea service to the assembly every day. Although the main body of the teaching was not yet completed, on the day of the fourteenth of the sixth month it was the embodiment of all refuges, the supremely kind king of Dharma, Lama Dorjechang’s sixty-first birthday. For the sake of the auspiciousness that we would continue to have the stable good fortune for him to remain with us in immutable vajra nature, we prepared extensive Ganachakra and five thousand offerings and, on the day of the thirteenth prepared offerings for Bodhicitta Puja. 

 	Early on the fourteenth, following the system of Shantideva, he kindly gave us both wishing and engaging bodhisattva vows at the same time. When we offered the dakini long-life ritual in connection with the profound path of Guru Puja  and Ganachakra I sponsored elaborate service for the assembly and made distribution of offerings without being bound by any craving of avarice. 

 	Then, I made offerings to the great Lama Dorjechang symbolizing the special characteristics of his thought and deeds. These I offered with praises I had composed that began with the great qualities of his body and his being endowed with five perfect qualities. Then I offered an extensive explanation of the mandala being offered in request for the Guru to remain until the end of existence. I was relieved to hear the Guru praise my explanation of the meaning of the mandala with great delight and, later on, a custom was even made of using the notes of my explanation for that purpose. 
 	
 	From the day after that until the nineteenth of the month he continued on to finish the rest of the discourse and on the last day offered mandala, the three bases and some small symbolic offerings. I also offered service to the entire assembly. As a summary to wrap up the successful completion of the discourse, Lama Rinpoche quoted Buddha for those attending, ‘I have shown you the liberating path, but liberation depends on you!’ and he explained how just listening to Dharma 

109 Including such renowned holy sustainers of the teachings as Sera Jey Dragri Chogtrul Rinpoche, Sera Mey Kongpo Shartrul Rinpoche, the first great master of the newly established Chabdo Tsän-nyi Tratsang Sera Jey Tsawa Geshe Jampa Tayä, etc.) 
110 He gave an explanation of that teaching system which comprises the essential precepts of all Buddha’s teachings, the system of the two path blazers, Nagarjuna and Asanga, the sole door of entrance for fortunate beings that is endowed with four greatnesses, which is especially exalted by way of three characteristics, that lamp which illuminates the three realms, Lamrim Chenmo.  
111 ( mchan bu bzhi) 
 	
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teachings is not enough but must always be inseparably conjoined with contemplation and meditation. Otherwise, if our study is directed outwards, we will only look for faults to expose in others and, like a god falling to the level of a demon, there is a danger that Dharma practitioners could be carried off by ghosts! He quoted from Heart of the Middle Way,112 
 	
 	O Nectar of speech, better than sandalwood! 
 	That pacifies the extreme torment of beings, 
 	Caused by the fire of delusions in their minds! 
 	
 	Thus, he bestowed upon us in great detail and abundance his most precious nectar of essential advice. Auxiliary to that, Lama Dorjechang made a prophecy saying that Gomang Kangsar Rinpoche and I were the most precious amongst his disciples, and that if the two of us lived for a long time, nothing would stop the increase of enlightening activities. Dagpo Lama Rinpoche said, 
 	
 	‘The son will surpass the father, the grandson will surpass the son, and the great-grandson will surpass the grandson!’ 
 	
 	He said that since that was certain to happen, everyone must pray for our long lives. I felt a little embarrassed to be given such high praise amidst the lamas and tulkus that I mentioned before such as Dragri Rinpoche, qualified Geshes who were definitely capable of spreading the teachings. 
 	
 	After that for a few days relaxation, we took a vacation to Wangkur Ri Mountain where I offered sang,  and we made a circumambulation of Ganden Lingkor. As we did this I kept remembering his cheering words, ‘Now, this time, to have had the opportunity to teach and spread the essence of Je Tsongkhapa’s teachings,   Lamrim Chenmo, at his own monastic seat; we have been so fortunate!’ I kept the secrets of his teachings as a treasure trove of nectar for the ears! The day I went from Ganden, that morning, Lama Dorjechang had me wear the pandit’s hat that he himself usually wore. In addition to placing into my hands vajra and bell, and a volume of Lamrim Chenmo with the first three pages written in gold, he gave me presents of a victory vase and an activity vase of silver filled with vase substances, a golden statue of Tara, an old cup of Lama Dorjechang’s filled with turquoises, corals and precious stones, and a whole uncut bolt of brocade with golden designs of the eight auspicious symbols. He also gave me spiritual advice, saying such things as that I must vastly uphold, cultivate and spread the Sutra and Tantra Teachings of the Protector Manjusri Tsongkhapa. With his frank words he gave me unexcelled comfort. My merit had culminated. 
 	
 	At that time, I thought it would be extremely difficult for someone like me, sinking in a swamp of unceasing distraction, who has no experience of practice and little realization by way of either birth or training, to be able to do anything to serve the teachings’. But because of the Guru’s bodhicitta and the auspicious connection with him, after Lama Dorjechang had passed away, like the metaphor of a donkey who takes control when there is no rooster around, as someone with no foundation in practice with nothing to say, I had to give many teachings – primarily of the Lamrim – that were a mirror-image of his, by emanating the Guru’s speech. That must have been what he had intended. 
 	
 	Then, when the great Lama Dorjechang accepted the invitation of Dechen Sang-Ngag Kar Monastery and walked there, I also escorted him on foot. The time that we arrived at Dechen Monastery lands coincided with a festival feast and a sacred fire dance being offered. I also enjoyed the festive display. I saw it as the amazing bliss that was the result of the gradual accumulation of virtue that had ripened from the Lamrim teachings having gone so perfectly well from beginning, to middle, to end, without the slightest mistake or inauspiciousness. 
 	
 	From the time Tzöpa Rigtzin had passed away up to this time, Lhabu and I, in the custom of the ‘single jewel embodiment’ visualization, had been taking responsibility for administration of 

112 dbu ma snying po 
 	
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the house ourselves. It was at this time that Dokang Kangtsän Muli Lozang Döndrup took over the manager’s position. 

 	I had been requested many times by all of the patrons of Dungkar Monastery Labrang to come fill and consecrate the reliquary stupa of Dromo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kälzang who had passed away the previous year. It was after this, in the tenth month of the year that I, Lhabu, Puntsog the cook, and some other monks including Kuzhab Kälzang Wang-gyäl, left Lhasa and went in succession to Gampala, Päldi, Nakartse, Ralung, Gyältse, Pagri, and other places, finally arriving at Drotö Dungkar Monastery. There I offered the mantras and so forth into the reliquary stupa, but we postponed performing the consecration until the coming new-year’s celebration. 

 	In the meantime, because we had already come as far as Dungkar, seeing that it would be very auspicious if we could go on pilgrimage to Nepal and India, we decided to make our way there. By way of the Jaleb pass, Rongling, and so forth, we went as far as Kabug by horse and donkey, where we spent a few days at Dromo Labrang of Tharpa Chöling Monastery. Then, with a translator accompanying us, we went to Bodhgaya, Vulture’s Peak, Nalanda, Kushinagar, Shravasti113, Varanasi, Lumbini, and, in Nepal, we made a thorough pilgrimage to all of the sacred sites such as the three great stupas. The day we visited Namo Buddha114 we rented a bus which took us up the pass to the stupa, but on the way down the other side of the pass the engine broke down and the vehicle could go no further. We all had to continue on foot and it was eleven that night before we arrived with great difficulty at the inn by the stupa. There were some elders there in whose company we offered Ganachakra and made other offerings to the best of our ability. 

 	In Bodhgaya at that time, we met a Ladhaki lama named Ngawang Samtän who was staying at the Bodhi Center guesthouse. It was already decided that he was going to buy some land to build a new Tibetan monastery in Bodhgaya, so he asked me to perform a site ritual there. At that time, the land around the great stupa was actually owned by the King of Dzvaki, so we had to secretly go to the site where, on the bare ground where the Tibetan Monastery of Pelgyä Ling would later be built. At moonrise of the full moon of the eleventh month of the year, by means of Vajra Bhairava Tantra I performed the ritual request to the Field Protectors and Earth Goddess for the use of the land, took possession of the site, established protection, blessed it and so forth. I also performed the ritual for burying a small treasure vase.
 
 	Because permission would have to be requested from the Dzvaki King with offerings of gold to the Mahabodhi society of Bodhgaya, etc. to show him respect, we went to meet him at his residence with a few symbolic offerings. He seated me upon a leopard skin with its four claws and head intact, offered khatak and received a hand blessing. He liked me and loaned me an elephant for our pilgrimage to Silwatsäl and horses for my attendants. Because I had never ridden an elephant before, it was quite novel and pleasant at first but because I was jostled so much on the way it caused me suffering of dizziness and such. 

 	At the foot of the Bodhi Tree there was quite a number of Tibetans on pilgrimage with whom I created a brief Dharma connection by giving them transmissions of Kabsumpa, Je Tsongkhapa’s praise of Lord Buddha, his Praise of Dependent Arising, the three great prayers and others. 
 	At that time India was under control of the British and none of the current day progress was there, so once we got off the train we had to walk or take a horse cart to get to the individual pilgrimage sites. After our pilgrimage we arrived back at Kabug where, as requested by the Public Welfare Society, on the field in front of Tharpa Chöling Monastery, I gave the great initiation of the Great Compassionate One to over a thousand lay and ordained people.
 
 	We also made a brief trip to Calcutta and Darjeeling in order to experience the auspicious nature of those places. On the way to Darjeeling, at the old Goom Monastery, as requested by 

113 pg 202 line three, in error has Shravasti spelled as ‘gnyan yod,’ in Tibetan, pronounced nyän yö It should be spelled ‘mnyan yod’ with the same pronunciation. 
114 ( stag mo lus sbyin) tagmo lujin, “Body Given To Tigress’ Where the future Buddha, as the bodhisattva, gave his body to the starving tigress and her cubs. The tigress later became the Maid who offered Buddha the refined milk porridge after his austerities and before demonstrating enlightenment, and the cubs became Buddha’s first disciples. 
 	
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Gadän Chöling, I went there and made a brief Dharma connection. At Darjeeling there were quite a few people from the former attendant of the Dalai Lama, Legdän Babü’s household to whom I gave long-life initiation. 

 	When I was thirty-nine, in the year of the earth hare, at Tibetan New Year’s, I was sent to Kashang Tashi Chöling Monastery where. At the wishes of the sponsors there, on New Years’ day, I composed a propitiation of the Kashang Guardian Näsung Gyälpo. On the way back from Kabug by way of Rongling, Tzaleg, and so forth, we arrived at Dungkar Monastery where I performed extensive consecration of the reliquary stupa for three days. After that, as requested by the lamas, monks and old benefactors of the monastery such as Pajo Dönyö of the Bönpo Kunga Ling-gang family, I gave fifteen days of commentary on the Swift Path  Lamrim concluding with Bodhicitta Puja, great initiations of Guyasamaja, Yamantaka, Gantapa Five-Deity Heruka and the Great Compassionate One, jenangs of a few Dharma Protectors such as Mahakala and Dharmaraja, Sindhura Blessing of Vajrayogini with commentary on the generation and completions stages, and a commentary on Guru Puja, in a series of teachings that eventually extended to about three and half months. This was done in the meeting hall of the monastery, to over two hundred ordained and lay people. 

 	I left Dromo and stayed with Tsongpön ‘Master Merchant’ Tsechö of the Pangda family in their shrine room in Pagri. While there, I visited monasteries such as Dragtog Gang, administered by Gyütö Tratsang, Richung Poto Monastery, administered by Ganden Shartse, and upper and lower monasteries of Tashi Chöling, going to each for a day and making very brief Dharma connections. For a large public gathering in Pangday Rakor, I gave great initiation of the Great Compassionate One in the Pälmo system. 

 	Then I went to Pagri Kambu Hot Springs for the sake of my health. The preparation and arrangements were all handled by Tsongpön Tsechö. I stayed about two weeks. Tashi Lhundrub Ngagzur Ta Lama Rinpoche arrived there and I went to meet him. On the way back, I spent a day at Kambu ‘Apricot’ Monastery founded by the great Tantrika Damchö Yarpel. There were a great many scriptural texts there and when I took a look in several volumes I found some hand-written prophecies with the pages out of order in one. Although I may not be perfect in my memory of it, it went something like, 
 	
 	‘Powerful Avalokitesvara will have the name ‘Tubpa–the Muni.’ 
 	All of his deeds will be like those of Rahula. 
 	Lightning will strike his minister, ‘Garwa–‘The Smith’… 
 	
 	And, 
 	
 	‘All his activities will be finished in the year of the cock…’ 

 	And when I checked to see if the words of the prophecy had been accurate, I saw that it spoke very majestically of the previous Dalai Lama and placed blame upon Demo Rinpoche. It also prophesied that the conflict with the Chinese army would break out in the year of the water rat, and I found a clear, definite prophecy that, for the sake of others, the Dalai Lama would pass away in the year of the bird. 
 	
 	I left then, intending go through Pagri to visit elders in the region of Tsang. I then traveled to ‘Tratsang Do’– a nunnery founded by Rva Dharma Senge, as well as to Dotra Monastery, Chilung and so on. On the full moon of the fifth month of the year, we crossed the Drongdu Pass and arrived at glorious Sakya Monastery. In the Sakya tradition, some of the deities of the area would be invoked through mediums. However, on that day in the villages surrounding the great Sakya temple, like on the day of Tzamling Chisang115 celebrated in Lhasa, some of the deities, having entered their mediums, were acting drunk among the rows of people. I stayed in one of the 115 An incense offering made to all protective deities of the world in general. 
 	
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 	Sakya government official’s home where the subordinate official Majawa performed an offering of scent, burning barley tsampa and oats known as Zur. 

 	In the guest-house there were some monks reading some of the various hand-written texts that were there. Within these texts, subjects like Pramana, Paramita,  and Madyamaka were debated and answers given based on scripture. I noticed that apart from a few slight differences (such as in style), the various discussions and the way the extensive prayers were arranged were very similar to the explanations of debate and prayers at the three monastic seats of Ganden, Sera and Drepung. From this, I could get a sense of how the system of study and contemplation from the Sakya College of Dialects had spread into to the Gelug system of Father Je Tsongkhapa and his disciples. 
 	
 	In that administrative office there was quite a lot of spirit activity so the next day we had to pitch tents and stay in a field next to the river. 

 	At that time Puntsog Podrang’s Dagchen Rinpoche was indeed the official representative of the Sakya throne. However, when I had to go there to meet him for tea, went to his residence, bowed with respect and asked him a few questions about some practices of the Sakyas all he said, 
 	‘Speak with the two descendant son tutors’ and I did not receive any sort of detailed advice. He gave me quite a lot of blessed nectar pills. 

 	I went to visit the sacred sites above and below the temple at the same time that he sent me elsewhere to see the hereditary tutors as teachers. Then, I met extensively with elders such as Jamyang Garzigma, Chödung Karpo Gyangdrag, and Sebag Nagpo Purshe of Gorum Monastery and made extensive series of offerings, distributions and service for the Sangha. In doing so, I heard various accounts of the hereditary tutors’ instructions. Those I spoke to were well familiar with their Sutra teachings, but they did not seem to be greatly familiar with the ear-whispered Sakya lineages such as that of the Golden Dharmas. 

 	From Sakya, I went on pilgrimage to the Devi Protector Chapel at Marlam Samling and to the supreme site of Glorious Four-Faced Mahakala, Kau Dragzong. I then crossed the pass called, ‘Atro Pass’ into the lands of Charong, proceeded on to Lhunpo Tse Monastery, Tropu Jamchen, and Gangchen Chöpel Monastery and finally arrived at Glorious Nartang Monastery. There we saw a great many holy objects and in one temple there was a complete model of the sacred site of Bodhgaya, India, made of sandalwood, said to have been made back in the time of Buddha’s enlightenment. It was so perfectly complete and well-made that I could see that it was just like the Ghandola Stupa and Bodhi Tree at Bodhgaya, and I found myself feeling even more certainty that the holy site of Bodhgaya in India was the actual site of Buddha’s enlightenment. 

 	Although I had a strong wish to go on pilgrimage to Jangchen Retreat and Shvalu, time did not allow it, so it had to be left for another time. 

 	When I arrived at the monastic seat of Tashi Lhunpo in upper Tsang, an official of the labrang government presented me with a very beautiful set for making zur  smoke offerings. I 
stayed at a newly constructed residence, ‘Pände Kang,’ in Yongzin Lochen Rinpoche’s labrang that had been prepared for me. 

 	At that time, that one endowed with great compassion that sets the faculties of sentient beings in peace, Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa Pälzangpo Chog, had been specially invited by Tashi Lhunpo Labrang to give a transmission of the commentary of Lamrim Chenmo to many thousands of attendees at Dechen Podrang. Thanks to the peerless kindness of the Father Guru I had the good fortune to take the dust of his feet to the crown of my head116, meet like father and son once again and hear his delightful voice in abundance. 

 	Because the all-knowing Kunzig Pänchen Rinpoche had not yet returned from Gyasog he was not in residence but, following the ancient custom, I went for audience to offer prostration, receive tea and make offerings, including khatak offering and the three bases of enlightened body, speech, and mind. Before the throne of the great Kunzig Rinpoche in his ‘Podrang Gyältsän Tönpo’ upper residence at Kadam Podrang, I had tea, rice and fried food with Kyabying Tzasag Lama 

116 In Buddhist traditions, a sign of great respect for one’s teacher is to place the lowest part of his body (his feet) upon your head. This is a mark of great humility and demonstrates one’s submission to his teachings and guidance. 
 	
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Lozang Rinpoche, and when I left he presented me with very beautiful offerings including blessing pills, handmade tsa-tsas, incense and enough patchwork wool for a zän robe. 

 	At the back of the bed was a sealed Protector house and inside the bedroom there was a volume of scripture that you could see which was reputed to be the Ganden Emanated Scripture117. 

 	His incarnations had resided there for a long time, ever since the time of Pänchen Lozang Chögyän, and because it was the residence of one who had performed such great service on behalf of the Teachings, the place had become extremely blessed. With great devotion and joy I made strong prayers in connection with seven-limb prayer. 

 	There were also reliquary stupas of the successive Panchen Lamas, a large Maitreya statue and many other large temples. I made extensive visits throughout, making offerings, distributions in the main Tashi Lhunpo assembly hall and so forth, to gather much merit. Together with Kyabying Tzasag and other major officials we opened the labrang government’s box of blessed bases, which was filled with many very blessed objects. They were very kind to give me the good fortune to see these. One day I offered the three enlightened bases to Lama Dorjechang where he was teaching in Dechen Podrang, and respectfully offered service and made distributions to those who were attending the teachings. For reasons of auspiciousness, I also attended one session of his teachings that day, again having the good fortune to experience the nectar of his speech and his all-encompassing kindness. 

 	Since I was attending teachings every day while I was staying at Tashi Lhunpo, many of the best monks would come to my room to ask to receive transmissions, commentaries and so forth, on various practices in which they were interested, such as Guru Puja  and Ganden Lhagyäma. As soon as one Dharma session ended, the next one began. The young incarnation of the previous Lochen Chogtrul Rinpoche was there. He requested me to give him the general Lord of the Three Lineages Je Rinpoche jenang, and I fulfilled his wish.
 
 	I left Tashi Lhunpo and went to Gadong Monastery in Panam and also met the Gyältse Pögang group. Both had many holy objects including such things as a tangka of Hevajra mandala that was used for meditation by Naropa, clothes of Kache Pänchen, Indian scriptures, and so on, which I saw. 

 	I went on to the Karka Kashö settlement who had invited me there and gave the people of the area there a long-life initiation. At Gyältse they gave me a golden bed to sit on and I had an informal meeting with the elder of the Pälkor Dharma community and gave a commentary on the short Guru Yoga  of Je Tsongkhapa, Ganden Lhagyäma at Zhinä Tratsang. 

 	At Ralung Monastery, Pökya Retreat and the other places mentioned above, at all the monasteries on my path, I made distributions of offerings, gathering positive energy. Going by way of Karo Pass, Nakar Tse, and so forth, we crossed the Tsang River by boat and spent a day at Nyetang where I saw the speaking Tara statue that is the principal holy object at the Tara Temple and the ‘No Separation’ Stupa118 that was used for meditation by Lord Atisha. I finally arrived back at Lhasa at the end of the sixth month of the year. 

 	In the autumn, supreme Dorjechang Pabongka came to Sera Tantra Dratsang and gave explanatory instruction on the Fifty Verses of Guru Devotion, great initiation of Guyhasamaja Akshobyavajra. At Sera Jey Hardong Kangtsän, he gave great initiation of Vajrapani Great Wheel. 
 	At that time, I also received the blessings and the nectar of the river of the initiations.
 
 	The Protector of the Land of Snows, Emanation of the Arya Subduer of Beings who holds the hand symbol (mudra) of the pandarika flower, His Holiness the Great Fourteenth Dalai Lama was invited from Domä and, at the end of the eighth month, he very kindly came to the Lhasa capital, On the Gangtö Dögu field where the government had pitched a large tent to greet him, I went to greet him together with the lamas and tulkus of Sera, Drepung, and Ganden. I drank the nectar of liberation by seeing the mandala of his marks and signs. 
 	
117 ( dga’ ldan sprul pay glegs bam) Ganden trulpay legbam 
118 ( ‘bral med mcchod rten) dräl me chötän  

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 	When I was forty, in the year of the iron dragon, in the spring at the Norbulingka119, from Lord of the Hundred Families Yongzin Tagdrag Dorjechang I gratefully received quite a lot of initiations and jenangs 120. I also received the Ocean of Siddhis explanatory instructions on Guyhasamaja generation stage from Kyabchog Lingtrul Dorjechang. 

 	During Summer Retreat I went to Ganden. As requested by Ganden Jangtse Para Tulku, I gave an experiential commentary on the Guru Puja and Mahamudra in the Para Kangtsän assembly hall, for over five hundred Sangha including the abbots and officers, lamas and tulkus of Ganden Shartse and Jangtse. 

 	One day that winter my root Guru Dorjechang Pabongkapa, the supreme, sent his attendant, Namdag-lag to Lhasa especially to inform me that it had been confirmed that he would begin giving a commentary on the generation and completion stages of Cittamani Tara starting the next day. He said that since it would be difficult for me to receive this teaching later, it would be good if I came this time and that I definitely must attend. I could even stay right at the retreat labrang, so I left quickly for Tashi Chöling. 

 	At these teachings, I received the generation and completion stage instructions on the basis of the root scripture of the Cittamani Tara sadhana from Tagpu Dorjechang’s vision and Rinpoche’s own written commentary on the generation and completion stages. Also, I received instructions on the Cittamani Tara activities (Letsog Charbeb) and, at the end of that, transmission and instructions on the approach, accomplishment, and activity teachings of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden. Then, saying it was for the sake of auspiciousness, he also gave transmission and extensive instructions on practices of extending our life which rely upon energy-wind vajra-recitation and are connected with the practice of White Long-Life Heruka. As I mentioned before, I had been engrossed in performing ritual services in Lhasa, and Rinpoche knew that. Had he not called me, I would have forever lost the opportunity to receive these profound instructions. The massive kindness of being lassoed by the Father Guru’s compassionate affection is as heavy as ten million Mount Merus! 

 	Starting the previous year, Kyabchog Dorjechang had been having many disturbing types of omens in dreams and he had been saying that he wished to go somewhere else far away as if he was troubled and uneasy. Some of us among the lamas and tulkus, including Kyabje Ling Rinpoche, Demo Rinpoche, Dragri Rinpoche, and Kongpo Shartrul discussed the need for immediate stabilizing, protective rituals. We requested permission to offer a long-life puja and, in the Tashi Chöling assembly hall, all of the lamas, tulkus and geshes who had attended the teachings as well as the bikshus who were staying in solitary retreat offered an extensive long-life puja by means of the White Long-Life Heruka practice 121. We repeatedly made the request122 for him to remain until the end of existence, that his body, speech, and mind may remain immutable, in the nature of the indestructible vajra, blazing with magnificence of blessings, benefit and bliss, as a great sustainer of the life of Buddha’s undying teachings in general and particularly those of Je Tsongkhapa. 
 	
 	He said in response, ‘Many of my disciples gathering together this time to perform long-life puja of Stopping the Dakinis’ Invitation has definitely dispelled all types of obstacles that can be cleared!’ With Vajradhara himself taking on that appearance and saying it was sufficient, it seems that he was speaking with provisional meaning in mind for the sake of easing our concerns. 

 	I was forty-one in the year of the iron snake. In the twelfth month of the previous year, the Regent Ratreng Rinpoche had suddenly resigned from his responsibilities and Yongzin Tagdrag 

119 The summer palace of the Dalai Lama. 
120 These included initiations and jenangsjenangs of Five Deity Tsugtor Drime (Ushnishavimala), Five-Deity Özer Drime (Prabhavimala) and Long-Life Amitayus of the Machig Drubpay Gyälmo-system, multiple peaceful Deities, multiple wrathful Deities, and nine white Deities that Rächungpa had brought back from India. 
121 Ganachakra Long-Life Puja of Stopping the Invitation of the Dakinis by means of White Long-Life Heruka practice: when a puja is done to ‘stop the invitation of the dakinis’ it is to request the dakinis (celestial beings) not to invite the Lama to pass away from this world and take rebirth in another world. In more general terms, it means to clear obstacles to the Lama’s life and to him being able to remain on this earth, thus prolonging his life. 
122 phur ts’ugs. Literally, ‘putting in the purba’, the ‘stake-driving-like’ request, one example of which is the ‘You are Guru, you are Yidam, Dakini and Protector…’ request in Guru Puja. 
 	
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Dorjechang had been enthroned as the new regent. Accordingly, on the first day of the year his actual grand enthronement was held at the great Potala Palace. For preliminaries in the morning, I was called by the Labrang Private Office to go to the Lhasa Samantabhadra Temple for in-house auspicious long-life ceremonies. I offered an explanation of the mandala, offered the auspicious signs and substances, etc., recited the words of truth for an auspicious enthronement and so forth. 

 	Everything went smoothly. 

 	That year at the Great Prayer Festival in Lhasa supreme Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa made public distributions and served the assembly. Since I was also making public distributions, we both arrived before His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the same time one day, in the course of making the distributions. In the great assembly, lines are arranged by tulku ranking, so I was to precede Lama Dorjechang, but I started to shrink back behind him. Lama Dorjechang said, ‘There are exceptions, you must stay!’ I had to stay ahead of him but it was dreadfully uncomfortable. 

 	At the concluding puja of the Prayer Festival, thinking about the incident, I visualized a separate image of Lama Heruka right next to where the Lama was actually benefiting beings in person as the recipient for the tenth day-tsog offerings. However, this made it difficult for when I was invoking the wisdom beings in my prayers. Instead, I visualized the root Guru as the embodiment of all refuge, and his channels and elements in the nature of the viras and dakinis, actually present in the holy body-mandala, receiving the offerings123. I thought that making the offering in this way was so meaningful that on the twenty-fifth of the first month I invited sole Kyabchog – Supreme Refuge – Dorjechang and his entourage to my residence and cultivated merit by offering them a feast. 

 	Relaxing joyfully, every syllable of each word of the nectar of his speech, emanating from holy Dharma, quenched my thirst with a festival of a hundred different flavors of supreme tastes of excellent meaning. One of the things he said was that if the present Dalai Lama did not have obstacles to his health he would definitely become similar to the supreme seventh Dalai Lama Kälzang Gyatso and that, when the time came I must serve him and that I should do so with special altruism. Later on, when I was serving as the Dalai Lama’s Tsänzhab 124 and gradually came to bear the title Yongzin, Tutor, it seemed to me that Kyabje Pabongka had been prophesying with foreknowledge the high Dharmic respect that I would receive many years in the future. 

 	For some years, Yangzom Tsering had been requesting Kyabje Pabongka Dorjechang for outer, inner, and secret bases and thread construction for the Protector temple at the Lhalung Gatsäl residence. Lama Dorjechang told me to make the necessary preparations for that in accordance with his instructions on making bases and thread construction, so I prepared everything that I had been gradually gathering from before. 

 	This year, directly following the Prayer Festival Great Ganachakra, he came to Lhalu Gatsäl with eight Tashi Chöling monks to assist him and engaged in extensive construction of bases and thread construction I attended the rituals. The Lhalu Tsipön (Finance Director), Gyurme Tsewang Dorje, my sister and I also received the Dorje Shugden Life Entrustment Jenang together at that time.
 
 	Lama Dorjechang came from Lhalu to give Lamrim teachings at Dagpo Shedrup Ling, visiting the Chagsam Tenth-Day Practice Community on the way. I came the night before the teachings were to commence and offered brocade namjar robes with flower and fine pearl garland design, mandala, the three bases, and khatak. With this, I requested mainly for his long life as the Protector of the Teachings and all beings such as myself, and also to thank him for the compilation of the complete ritual activities of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden including thread construction reliance, fulfillment, and averting rituals; torma averting ritual, fire pujas, and prosperity ritual. 
 	
123 It is a powerful meditation to visualize your root Guru as the embodiment of all enlightened beings (all refuge). In this, instance he visualizes his Guru’s body as a mandala, the celestial abode of a deity. Within this body-mandala, the elements and energy channels of this body are visualized as celestial beings (viras and dakinis) who receive the offerings he makes during the ritual and prayers. 
124 Dialectical instructor or debate instructor 

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 	Saying, ‘It is unlikely that I will be able to finish that compilation. Taking what you remember with certainty and your notes as the basis…’ he advised me regarding details of compiling the rest. Then, he told me, ‘Now, taking what I have said as your foundation, filling out the other rituals in a similar way as suitable, you make a good compilation text of the ritual activities! Actually I am asking you because you were there for all of my work related to this Dharmapala.’ I assumed that this was Lama Rinpoche’s command because he knew that the vastness of his activities would not allow him to have the free time to do it. I later regretted not realizing that it revealed his intention to demonstrate his final deed of passing into nirvana. It was similar to that time in the past when, although Buddha said three times, ‘If the Tathagatas wish, they can even live for eon upon eon!’ Ananda was so oppressed by mara that he did not realize what Buddha was saying, and did not request him to extend his life. 

 	After that, one day there came an urgent summons from the Norling Shözim Chung-gag for Trijang Tulku and Sera Mey Gyälrong Geshe Kyenrab Gyatso to come. When I arrived, the Regent Kyabgön Sikyong Rinpoche told me at the information office that I, Trijang Tulku, was being promoted to the status of Yongzin, Tutor, to take the place of Zhabdegpa Tsänzhab Ling Rinpoche. 

 	There was a temporary need for an additional Tsänzhab. If Sera Mey Gyälrong Geshe Kyenrab Gyatso was to be appointed as the Tsänzhab, then the Trijang Tulku’s seat was to be at the head of the line in the path that Ling Rinpoche had taken. Thus, as decreed, on a virtuous astrological juncture, I went for confirmation meetings with the lay and ordained officials of the Tibetan government. 

 	After that, on the fifteenth of the fourth month, I went with Geshe Kyenrab Gyatso to the anteroom of the Sunlight Residence at the Norbulingka Palace for morning tea with His Holiness and patrons in our first meeting as His Holiness’s new Tsänzhabs. He made the traditional offering of the three bases, khatak, symbolic rice and monetary offerings. Afterwards, as ordered, I sat with those having breakfast tea. That day, I received well-wishers such as the in-house patrons who made auspicious offerings at my room. 

 	There were several days of attending morning tea with His Holiness and additional ceremonies like the general officials of the Potala. Afterwards, during a period when the Regent Yongzin Tagdrag Rinpoche was dealing with political affairs and Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche was not free, I was told that I must listen to His Holiness’s reading and memorization of recitations. 

 	Accordingly, by order of the Regent Rinpoche, at an auspicious time, I went for three base and khatak offerings, and to offer my initial greetings of tashi deleg to His Holiness. 
 	
 	From that time until it was decided that there would be two tutors, I served in an uncertain capacity, and my living residence was also moved to one of the Tsänzhab rooms at the Norbulingka. The attendants acted as if I was a very hot-tempered person and, as a result, His Holiness was a little shy towards me at first. Following advice of the Regent Rinpoche, I also acted like I was reserved and unsmiling at the beginning. Because of his young age, his skill in memorization of scripture was not perfect. However, if I just scowled slightly at his older brother, Losang Samten, as if I was accusing him of it being his trickery, that was enough; I never had to use anything like a harsh word towards the young Dalai Lama. 
 	
 	The pervasive lord of all mandalas and families, the glorious excellent Dorjechang Pabongkapa came from his Lhalu Gatsäl residence to Chagsam Tenth-Day Practice Community in Marlam Chushu. He then went on to Dagpo Shedrup Ling where he gave an explanatory commentary on Jangchub Lamrim Chenmo, The Great Stages Of The Path To Enlightenment. It was after that, on the first day of the sixth month, that I heard the news that was like thorns to my ears: that he had taken rest in the expanse of great peace of Dharmadhatu, and I was separated from my kind supreme Guru. Experiencing that unfortunate time of grief, the results of previous karma suddenly befell me. With torment that was difficult to bear, I made prayers for his passing and as many offerings as I could, such as at the Lhasa Trulpay Lhakang. 

 	His manager Trinle Dargyä said that I must come so that they could ask me any questions regarding preparation of the precious relics and conducting the cremation. Accordingly, I went to Tashi Chöling. The Retreat and Labrang all appeared to me like a disappointed person who had lost 

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his luster of youth. This and Lama Dorjechang’s residence looming so empty brought tears to my eyes and, as I wept, I offered a dough-ball divination before the principal image in the temple, a statue of Dagpo Lama Rinpoche. This indicated cremation for the reliquary body. I instructed Tashi Chöling’s resident Lama Lozang Chöpel in the precise details of the practice of serving the precious reliquary body and sent him to Dagpo. 

 	The Kyabgön Regent gave an instruction to the Zhöl Kagyur Printing House to carve new printing blocks of the collected works of Tuken Chökyi Nyima, Gungtang Tänpay Drönme, Je Sherab Gyatso and other texts that were rare in central Tibet. He appointed myself and Sera Mey Tzänzhab to head the project and we served in that capacity for several years. 

 	When the government made new replacements for the two old and worn appliqué tangkas displayed for Ganachakra processions, there came a command that I was needed to supervise the measurement of the dimensions of the Deities’ forms, the meditations that the workers should do, and to check the dimensions during the actual work of production. Accordingly, I supervised this project from beginning to end, checking fastidiously and making necessary corrections, so that it was all done without mistake. 

 	Around these years the people I met who presented themselves as my close relations, aunts, sister, nephews, grandnephews, etc., gradually grew in number. Even Ane Yangtzom who had hated my mother and her daughter acted respectfully toward me and affectionately toward my mother, and so forth. As the saying goes, 
 	
 	One without uncles has acquired uncles! 
 	Material wealth, I bow to you! 
 	
 	It was like in that example of someone sarcastically bowing to his bag of silver that had attracted many new ‘friends’ and ‘relatives’. And as Protector Manjusri Sakya Pandita has said, When you are wealthy, all are friends. 
 	Yet, when wealth declines, all are enemies. 
 	Having long gathered at the jeweled island, 
 	Once the lake dries up, all will abandon it! 
 	
 	Similarly, some people seemed to act in coarse ordinary ways during my ups and downs of fortune, befriending or abandoning me, respectively. 
 	
 	In the year of the water horse I turned forty-two. On the twelfth day of the first month, at the Lhasa Trulnang Cathedral when the Regent Tagdrag Rinpoche gathered together the abbots and masters to offer intermediate and novice ordinations to the young Dalai Lama, I acted as the Drogdenpa, the Assistant, who helps the Sangha take ordination. 

 	As soon as the Ganachakra was concluded, it was the inner tradition for the new Sangha of Gyume Dratsang who had received lay or complete Pratimoksha vows to draw from their general fund to sponsor distributions, make an offering to the capital fund, and to sponsor initiations and transmissions at the traditional Dharma celebration. This year, as urged by the new bikshus, I offered the great initiations of Guyhasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka, including the days of preliminaries. This was conducted at the Lhasa Gyume Dratsang’s Changlochen Assembly Hall, for all of the Gyume assembly, the Sangha of Gyutö Dratsang and the three monastic seats who came, totaling a gathering of over two thousand, 
 	
 	During the summer retreat, the Regent Rinpoche commanded that the indexes for the printed and hand-written scriptures of Indian and Tibetan scholars and siddhas, non-partisan, of all lineages, which were kept at the Norbulingka and Potala Palaces needed to be checked; he also advised that new indexes needed to be made for the vast numbers of additional collected works and miscellaneous texts that were gradually accumulating. Accordingly, I worked for over two months arranging detailed indexes, inserting titles and classifying texts as complete collected works; miscellaneous texts of Sutra such as Madyamaka, Paramita, Vinaya, or Abhidharma, etc.,
 
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Dialectics, Lamrim or Lojong; or Tantric texts such as rituals of the various tantra sets of the old and new translation schools and Tantric commentaries; biographies, Dharma and general histories, Grammar, Poetry, Medicine, or Astrology. 
 	
 	During the eighth month at the isolated abode of Tashi Chöling, Kyabchog Dorjechang’s manager Trinle Dargye took the responsibility of constructing a new reliquary stupa for his sacred remains. When it was well completed we offered mantras inside and finally, with myself acting as vajra master together with the renounced bikshus, we performed extensive consecration by means of Vajra Bhairava for three days, doing nothing the ‘easy way’ and everything worthy of doing, precisely and perfectly. As I was instructing the sponsors during the concluding part of the consecration ritual I remembered the Guru’s kindness and sang a request for the swift return of the supreme emanation as a doha called the Long Sad Song Of The Child Wandering On The Plain. 
 	
 	As said in the part of the Kalachakra Root Tantra called “Fully Seizing The Guru’s Qualities”, Whatever virtue is created for the deceased, 
 	By close relations they have left behind, 
 	It will ripen and follow them wherever they are 
 	Like a calf following after its mother. 
 	
 	Likewise, if disciples with faith and devotion, 
 	Remember with certainty the anniversary 
 	Of the Gurus’ passing, and make offerings, 
 	They will fully perfect his holy intentions 
 	And equal the life deeds of the Guru. 
 	
 	And Geshe Potowa said, 
 	
 	Drom did funeral services for this old man nineteen times! 
 	He’s hoping he’ll meet with it in future lives! 
 	
 	Accordingly, I established a capital fund for offerings and distributions to be made to the general assembly of Tashi Chöling bikshus every year on the first day of every month with Guru Puja Ganachakra  in connection with Self Entry Into The Heruka Chakrasamvara Mandala. This year, at the end of the festival, at the urging of Kenchen Dönpälwa (or Tashi Lingpa Kyenrab Wangchug, as he was known), I gave an explanatory commentary for a gathering of about three thousand lamas, tulkus, and Sangha in the Lhasa Meru Dratsang assembly hall. This time, I taught on the Swift Path (Nyurlam), Jampel Shel-lung (Teachings Of Manjusri) and Stages of the Path to Enlightenment teachings, extensively, including the Bodhicitta Puja. 
 	
 	When I was forty-three, in the year of the water sheep, in the third month, at the insistence of Pabongka Labrang’s manager Trinle Dhargyä, for an assembly of about 3500 lay and ordained people at the Lhasa Meru Dratsang assembly hall, I gave an experiential commentary for about a month on the combined Swift Path and Teachings of Manjusri Lamrim Teachings. This also included the Bodhicitta Puja in the Meru stone courtyard at the conclusion of the teachings. 
 	
 	After that, at the urging of the Chant Leader of Namgyäl Dratsang, Trimön Chötzä Thubten Desheg and the Ritual Assistant Kälsang Wangyäl-lag I offered further teachings at the Namgyäl Dratsang Secret Mantra Gatsäl Assembly Hall in the Potala Palace, for a gathering of over seven hundred. I gave a fifteen day commentary on Lamrim Delam (The Blissful Path) and, at the conclusion, gave great initiations of Guyhasamaja, Heruka, Yamantaka and the Great Compassionate One and jenangs such as those of Mahakala, Dharmaraja, Päldän Lhamo, Vaisravana, Four-Faced Mahakala, and Chamsing. 
 	
 	During summer retreat, at Norbulingka Palace, I performed the ritual deeds of a resident lama before going on to Kyishö Yab-pü Ratsag Hermitage and spending three days there. Before the statue of Vajrayogini, blazing with magnificent light of blessings that the great Pandit Naropa had used in support of his meditation, I made offerings in connection with the Vajrayogini Mandala Practice Offerings and Ganachakra. I also made distributions to the Sangha there and offered a capital fund to sponsor monthly Practice Offerings on the tenth day of the waxing moon. 
 	
 	Requested by the sponsor, the nun Kyenrab Lhamo, for about a hundred lay and ordained people including the residents and others from the area, I gave the Four Initiation Sindhura Blessing of Vajrayogini. I had several good dreams at that time but I’ve forgotten what they were now. 
 	
 	For that matter, during my youth and later on as well, I would sometimes hear in my dreams prophecies of varying lengths spoken to me by Deities, Lamas, or beings with ordinary appearances, or I would be shown scrolls of written prophecies. If I told someone about it the next day, I would immediately forget about it. If I didn’t tell anyone about it, I would not forget and, like the example of a ‘pig’s head feast,’ it would seem real, yet, apart from a few times here and there; usually it would be faulty and would not occur, seemingly colored by obscuration created by kor125or degeneration. 
 	
 	In the fall, having excused myself to the Dalai Lama and Regent, with a small entourage including my attendant Lhabu, Päldän and Gyume Trehor Ngagram Tsultrim Dargyä, I went on pilgrimage to the sacred sites in Penyul in central Tibet, so blessed by the early great Kadampa masters. We took the Go  pass to Penpo arriving at Langtang (seat of Geshe Langri Tangpa) Nalanda (the seat of Omniscient Rongtönpa), the Reliquary Stupa of Patsab Lotsawa, the Gyäl (Victory) Temple built by Nanam Dorje Wangchug, an emanation of Maitreya, Ganden Chökor in Tangsag, the Reliquary Stupa of Geshe Sharawa, and so forth. Through the auspiciousness of Patsab Lotsawa having translated the Tsedo (Longevity) Sutra, if one circumambulates the Patsab Stupa it was renowned to dispel obstacles to longevity, and there were many people circumambulating. As it was this Lotsawa who translated Glorious Chandrakirti’s Madyamakavatara (Guide To The Middle Way) into the Tibetan language, which caused the Prasangika view to flourish greatly in Tibet, I also circumambulated, accumulating a moderate number of rounds with aspirations for realizing the highest teachings – the profound view. 
 	
 	Zimo Dorjechang Jampa Kunga Tenzin Päl Zangpo was a bearer of a treasury of instructions of the close lineage of training in Secret Mantra of the Sakyas coming through the previous great Pabongka Kyabchog Dorjechang. Zimo Rinpoche knew that there existed jenangs, transmissions, and oral instructions for the seventeen expressions of Mahakala. However, when he first came to Nyangdren Chuzang Retreat and met Kyabje Pabongka, appearing aged and senile, he acted doubtful and left these aside, not taking interest in any of it. On the night before Zimo Rinpoche was to leave the next day, he dreamt of a great throne upon which was a terrifying pile of an old man’s white hair, mustache and beard. It was such a wrathful sign of Mahakala’s displeasure at his not receiving the Mahakala instructions that he requested the complete initiations, transmissions and instructions the next day. I had heard about this from Lama Dorjechang himself, and about how he had then gradually given him all of the instructions, so I had faith in him. 

 	However, because Zimo Rinpoche had always remained permanently in Penpo, this visit was the only that I ever met him. 
 	
 	At this time, I went to visit Nalanda Zimo Labrang with all of its holy objects and I had the good fortune to meet Rinpoche in person. I also requested profound Dharma teachings from him. 
 	He happily accepted and gave us an abundant feast of food and drink. Also, as I invited by Chogyä Labrang near the same area, I went there and enjoyed an informal meeting with the present Chogyä Trichen Rinpoche. 
 	
 	I offered transmission of The Foundation Of All Good Qualities to the Sangha at Tangsag Ganden Chökor. There was also a scripture of Drelpa Dönsel (The Clear Illumination Of The Meaning Commentary) of Guyhasamaja that had been used by the glorious Chandrakirti that I saw there. 
 	
125 Inappropriately used offerings of the faithful. 
 	
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 	Although the emanation of Ganden Trichen Jampel Tsultrim, predecessor of the present day Kamlung Tulku, and his elder brother by the same father had both passed away, I went to Kamlung Retreat, seat of the great Kamlungpa, at the insistent invitation of his attendants. I spent three days there and visited the Kamlungpa Reliquary Stupa. Unfortunately though, ecause some of the abodes and hermitages of the early Kadampa masters such as Geshe Neuzerpa were scattered about in various mountain caves, there was no way I could visit them all. 
 	
 	Invited by the aristocratic family of Töger Lhading of central Tibet, going by way of Pända Jeri Tagtse, I arrived at the Lhading settlement. Since it happened to be the tenth day of the month, I offered Ganachakra in connection with Vajrayogini Self-Initiation together with the Gongmo Lhading family. At the request of the sponsors, I also sang this doha: Up in pure Keajra, Akanishta’s realm, 
 	
 	Beautiful maiden, graceful Mother of Conquerors, 
 	
 	With a display of countless emanations, 
 	
 	Acts as the fortunate’s guide to Kechari. 

 	In the sixty-four “E -sphere” Dakas’ city, 
 	
 	Supremely beautiful smiling Chandali, 
 	
 	Agilely, playfully, dancing like lightning 
 	
 	Enjoys sport of EVAM spontaneous with bliss. 
 	
 	Mind ’midst the eight petals in avadhuti, 
 	Free of all projections, Clear Light’s Bliss Goddess, 
 	Magical Lady of Five Lights’ beautiful play 
 	Puts on show of inconceivable Union! 
 	
 	How pleasant, this profound, most secret swift path! 
 	How blissful, this gathering with pure samaya! 
 	In glorious Ganachakra’s blissful Union, 
 	This connection transcends meeting and parting! 
 	
 	I stayed there a few days and gave a Vajrayogini blessing for a large number of people including the aristocratic family and monks of some of the hermitages. I also gave Avalokitesvara jenang and Long Life Initiation for the local people. 
 	
 	I was invited to Tangkya Monastery, so I went there and offered great initiation of Thirteen Deity Yamantaka for the Sangha. From Lhading, at the wishes of the Marlam Pagmo Chöde Sangha, I went and performed consecration of their temple, etc., and then, by way of Dromtö, arrived back in Lhasa. At the previously mentioned spiritual centers I made as many offerings and public distributions at the monasteries, as I could. 
 	
 	I turned forty-four in the year of the wood monkey. In the fourth month, at the behest of Kunling Tatsag Hotogtu Rinpoche, at the Kundeling assembly hall, for a gathering of over a thousand, I offered explanatory instructions on Lamrim Chenmo for a month. 
 	
 	In the summer, at the urging of Taiji Shänkawa Gyurme Sönam Tobgyä, I gave great initiations of Guyhasamaja, Heruka Chakrasamvara and Vajra Bhairava, including preliminary days, to an assembly of over three thousand, at the Lhasa Meru Assembly Hall, for five days. This was to generate merit for the sake of his deceased son Dechen Gaway Wangchug. 
 	
 	In the eighth month, I went to hot springs in Tölung as a treatment for my health. Because this time coincided with the glorious Gyume Dratsang monks taking the spring waters in the late summer in Lung, I was invited by the abbots, lamas, and officers to the Yarlam Tantric Center, where I went to offer some transmissions and teachings126, and public distribution to the assembly.
 
 	I stayed at the hot springs two weeks for the treatment. While there, I met some people from the house where my previous incarnation was born in Tölung Ragkor and made some small gifts to them. 
 	
 	On the way back from Tölung, at the spontaneous request of Tsering Drölkar, (the sister in the Bayer family who stayed at the Mäntö residence), I gave approximately one month of experiential instructions on the combined Lamrim Nyurlam and Jampäl Shälung texts including Bodhicitta Puja at the Lhasa Shide Dratsang assembly hall. I offered this to a gathering of about 2700 Sangha, including lamas, tulkus, geshes and trainees from each of the Three Monastic Seats, Gyume and Gyutö Tantric Colleges, and each of the meditation retreats. 
 	
 	I sent offerings to the local monastery Chatreng Dratsang of four fine large quilted brocade pillar assembly banners to decorate the four tall pillars in the assembly hall. These were with tiger skin and a large dragon design fabric with cheppu-shaped banner heads. I also offered a complete Kangyur with scripture covers to be offered to the Dongsum Rig-nga family. 
 	
 	Whenever scholars do not give up pride of name and position to speak with eloquence, it is difficult for the river of realizations to flow upward to the peak of pride. Therefore, that winter I invited one of the masters from the Lhasa Mäntsikang (Medical College), from Tölung Yangpachen, Gelong Päldän Gyältsän, to my office on the upper floor of the school of culture in the Potala Palace. Together with Ganden Shartse Zemey Tulku, I received from him various teachings and instructions127. As I was hoping to complete the illustrative examples, other factors distracted us and some were left over. 
 	
 	That year, in the tenth month, the residents of Lhundrub Tzong in Penpo, the fortress of Kändrung Chöpel Thubten got into hand-to-hand combat with the loan collectors from Sera Jey Dratsang because of a disagreement over the amount of grain owed in interest on loans, as a result of which some of the residents died. Kändrung petitioned the government in the name of the Regent who ordered six secretaries to conduct a thorough investigation. When the ringleaders were about to be summoned and investigated, it coincided with the wood bird year’s Great Prayer Festival and Tsemön Ling Hotogtu’s examination assembly to which the Gyälwang Rinpoche – The Dalai Lama – had been invited to preside. With the abbots, officers, and the assemblies of both the Sera Jey and Tantric Colleges present, the Great Prayer Festival and the public tea service, etc., had been held off for three days. 

 	After the government high official council had delivered an edict clarifying who was innocent and who was at fault in the matter, the Great Prayer Festival could at least begin as usual. 

 	However, when the great prayers and Ganachakra were completed, the specific verdict came down that the abbots of Sera Jey and the Tantric College were both expelled and that some of the officers and the interest collectors were expelled from the assembly and banished far away to some castle fortresses. This resulted in many of the Sangha of Sera Jey and Tantric Colleges denouncing the Kyabgön Regent Rinpoche and so forth. The actions of one or two bad individuals thus resulted in the worst kind of heinous karma. 
 	
 	At that time, as well as at the time that Ratreng Rinpoche demoted some of the government monk officials from their posts, whenever we began rituals when there had been a breaking of sacred bonds between gurus and disciples, it was unbearable to me. However, no matter how much I honestly and altruistically offered preventative suggestions to Tagdrag Rinpoche’s manager Tänpa Tharchin, I couldn’t stop it from happening. As the saying goes, 

126 These included the Sangha reading transmission of two of the three uncommon text-books of glorious Gyumä Tantric College on Guyhasamaja known as the Three Dolagyuma (Lineages Passed Down Hand-To-Hand: the Guyhasamaja Instructions On The Five Stages Dolagyuma) and the Explanatory Dolagyuma. 
127 These included llustrated ‘pointing out’ instructions on composition and poetry based on the Sarasvati Grammar Sutra and the Grammar Commentary Hundred-Fold Sunlight by Getse Pandita Gyurme Tsewang Chogdrub up through the fifth chapter. Also, the root text, Mine Of Composition by Pandita Rinchen Jungne Shiwa and its commentaries by Mindroling Lochen and Lama Lhagsam. 
 	
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 	No matter how much you try to stop the waterfall, 
 	You can only wish that the water would run backwards! 

 	In the year of the wood cock when I turned forty-five, the supreme government ordered vast renovations of the Drepung Ganden Podrang as it was many years old and quite dilapidated. During this time, old sections of the western peak of the palace were to be torn down and rebuilt. Because the sealed shrine room of the Goddess Päldän Lhamo near the door of the Dalai Lama’s residence was creating inauspicious problems, and because some people who took khataks there to offer had become sick and other inauspicious signs had occurred, the Regent Rinpoche ordered that I should perform a ritual to move the sacred objects.
 
 	Accordingly, after the conclusion of the Lhasa Ganachakra I went to Drepung with ritual monks of Namgyäl Dratsang such as the chant leader and masters and made Päldän Lhamo offerings and propitiations for several days. The night before we were going to move the shrine I dreamt of a huge assembly hall filled to the brim with effigies, many large old and new tormas, and many other things so that, not finding a place to step, I could not find any way to pass! At that moment a beautiful young lady came and, with a smiling expression, showed me a way through. I took it as a sign that the Goddess was delighted that her shrine was being moved. 

 	When we actually moved it the next day, with the Lord Chamberlain there to represent the Dalai Lama, opening the door to the Protector Shrine at first rendered all of the others incapable of approaching or handling any of the objects. I did not have any confidence of the view or skill in meditation, but because I had at least completed Päldän Lhamo retreat with mantra recitation and felt confidence from the dream of the previous night, I picked up several of the khataks and representational objects and moved them to the Sunlight Residence, while reciting the mantras of the Yidam and the Goddess. 

 	After that, the other participants in the ritual, chant leader, masters, construction official Känchung, the Lord Chamberlain and so forth all took out the huge amount of representational objects, visual offerings, weapons and armor, and so forth that had gradually accumulated over many years. After that, there was a supporting base for the silver human-adult-sized principal statue of the Goddess that consisted of an ocean of blood, a mule, and a backdrop of fire that was about a full story high, plus two statues of the Dongchen–headed–entourage that were about the size of eight year old children. When the statues were originally made they had been made separately, however, so it did not seem that it would be very difficult to move them. When we separated the statue, mule, and ocean of blood and brought them to the eastern residence, I had the Namgyäl monks perform the extensive invitation chants with the ritual music. All those in charge of the moving – such as myself, the palace renovation official Känchung Ngawang Zöpa and the Lord Chamberlain, with some of the best Lamas, Tulkus, and Geshes of Drepung’s four Dratsangs – arranged extensive offerings and tormas with which we offered Kangso (a   Fulfillment and Restoration Ritual) and Ganachakra, as the statue was brought out and reassembled at the Residence. 

 	There was a large box of various tangkas in the Protector Shrine room which we opened to find an ancient tangka representing Ra Lotsawa’s meditational Deity Vajra Bhairava with stacked heads painted in accordance with the Ra Lotsawa’s Kadro Nyengyu (Dakini Oral Lineage) instructions, as well as a copy of it that the Supreme Fifth Dalai Lama had his tantric assistant Trinlä Namgyäl paint. So both the original and the copy were there. There was also a tangka representing Drogön Chögyäl Pagpa’s meditational Deity, Gönpo Gur (Tent Mahakala) painted standing straight up on both feet, as well as many tangkas depicting amazing stories, like one of the Rishi Vishnu painted by Zurchen Chökyi Rangdröl. There was also a tangka representing Tent Mahakala, the meditational Deity of the early great Sakya masters and several images of Pälgön Zhäl, Glorious Face Mahakala.
 
 	Inside a torma box there was a series of several prayers and propitiations composed by the Sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso and two or three requests to the Protector Lamo Tsangpa (Brahma Of The Pass) for prophecies on various temporal matters, along with the answers that had been given. I also saw a collection of various interesting and amazing scrolls such as some writings given to Gesar on awareness in conduct of life-style. The hand-written composed verses, of moderately good calligraphy, gave a good impression. 

 	At the same time that the palace renovation was proceeding, the Gyälway Podrang (Victorious Palace) of Gepel Retreat was also being renovated. I therefore went to Gepel Retreat and performed consecration, building ritual and ritual for moving the devas and nagas. During all of these activities neither I, nor any of the other workers, experienced the slightest kind of disturbance. I think it could only have been accomplished through the enlightening influence of the Three Supreme Jewels and Protectors. 
 	Later, when the Drepung Palace renovation was well completed, I went there with the Namgyäl Dratsang ritual monks and, for the principal image of Päldän Lhamo and the object-bases, as we had done before at the Door Threshold Protector Shrine in the Potala, we invoked Her presence and, for seven days, performed extensively thanksgiving offerings and Ganachakra. 

 	Although there did not seem to have been a thread-construction in the previous protector room, a new one had been ordered. Accordingly, I created a complete new thread construction and performed an extensive thread-construction ritual. 

 	That summer, as requested by the Tse Potala Namgyäl Dratsang’s Kusho Tserab-lag for the sake of his deceased mother and benefactor’s merits, I gave an experiential Lamrim commentary on the basis of the combined texts of Lamrim Nyurlam and Jampäl Shelung. I offered these teachings to a gathering of over a thousand including the complete assembly of Namgyäl Dratsang at the Jarag Lingkay Assembly Hall where the Namgyäl Dratsang Sangha were enjoying the opening of the boundaries at the conclusion of their summer retreat. At the end, on the day of the Bodhicitta Puja, the Lhasa Darpa Dharmapala Jowo Chingkarwa, invoked into his oracle medium, praised me, congratulating me on the Lamrim Teachings I was conducting. Further, he gave a prophecy to the Namgyäl Dratsang officials that, from year to year henceforth, they must take responsibility to request teachings such as Lamrim and instructions on the generation and completion stages of Guyhasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka, one after the other, without any break. 

 	At the end of autumn that year, requested by Tsering Drölkar, the lady of the Bayer family I have mentioned before, I gave extensive commentary on a combination of the profound path of Guru Puja  and Mahamudra at Lhasa Zhide Dratsang, for over two thousand Sangha. These had already received great Yidam initiations of Guyhasamaja, Heruka and Yamantaka, including lamas, tulkus and geshes of Sera, Drepung, Gyütö and Gyümä Tantric Colleges, In the winter Kyabgön Regent Rinpoche appointed Gomang Gungru Gyatso Ling Tulku as an additional Tsänzhab and he received the Kände Cheka seat. I was promoted to the title of Darhän next in line to the rank of Tzasag, Ta Lama, and Taiji, etc. In accordance with previous tradition, I went for audience with the Dalai Lama and Regent in the new capacity, with all the ceremonies going auspiciously without mistakes. 
 	
 	When I turned forty-six, in the year of the fire dog, during the Great Prayer Festival in Lhasa, at the ancient Meru Castle the great Dharmaraja Nechung was invoked into his medium.
 
 	The Dharmapala offered mandala, the three bases and khatak, and with a delighted expression said,‘At this time, when the Peerless Guide, Son Of Suddhodhana’s precious teachings have so greatly fallen into decline, it is extremely good that you, Lord, are so extensively teaching the nectar of the vast profound Dharma to fortunate disciples!” 

 	After the Prayer Festival was over, the Dalai Lama’s actual study of dialectics and reasoning was to begin, as by tradition, in the Drepung Kungarawa (Debate Courtyard) Garden. But as a further elaboration of the preliminaries, an auspicious commencement ceremony was held at his Tse Potala Ganden Yangtse residence. His Holiness sat in the center while the Regent Tagdrag Rinpoche, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I, Gyatso Ling, and Sera Mey Geshe Kyenrab Gyatso sat in rows to the left and right. We recited together the Ka Nyam Ma (Equal To The Sky) and Expression Of The Names Of Manjusri. Because Gyatso Ling and Sera Mey Geshe-lag’s voices were so dissimilar, one high and one very low, it was so cacophonous that Yongzin Ling Rinpoche burst out laughing. That made His Holiness laugh and then I, too, could not keep from laughing and the recitation was almost completely disrupted! This made the Regent Rinpoche scowl, yet even while his wrath was frightening, there was no way the laughter could be repressed and all who were there, including the attendant, chamberlain, ritual assistant and steward also started laughing. That uncontrollable laughter was actually an auspicious sign that His Holiness’s study would reach the highest level of mastery. 

 	From that time onwards, except for breaks such as on days when we attended government functions, the three of us Tsänzhabs took turns every afternoon going to discuss Dura 128 (Collected Topics) with His Holiness. We could also be excused in special cases when we had our own affairs we had to attend to, such as giving teachings and so forth. 

 	Regarding the supreme incarnation of the peerlessly kind, sole supreme father Dorjechang Pabongkapa, Nagshö Tagpu Rinpoche’s visions, pronouncements of the Panglung Gyalchen Dorje Shugden oracle and Gadong Dharmapala, and my own many repeated checks all coincided and he was definitely found. The thus identified young incarnation, born in Ütö Drigung, was brought to the remote Tashi Chöling hermitage. When he was enthroned upon the seat of his predecessor, during the waxing moon cycle of the second month, I also went especially for the occasion and made the series of offerings that began with the oceanic pure land mandala array. 

 	In the waxing moon of the third month, as requested by the group of newly ordained bikshus of Gyume Tantric College, I offered five days of great initiations of Guyhasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka with preliminary days for a large gathering of Sangha at Gyume Dratsang’s assembly hall. These included primarily monks from Gyume and Gyutö Tantric Colleges. Also, I gave a commentary and transmission of the Fifty Verses of Guru Devotion

 	The Regent Sikyong Tadrag Dorjechang decreed certain texts and rituals129 needed to be recompiled. I accomplished this. Likewise, since there were many discrepancies between the previous hand-written text for the Dharmaraja Vajra Arrow Si-Spirit Suppression Ritual composed by Dragkar Ngarampa and the small practice book that the Gyume Tantric College Sangha were using, they petitioned the Regent Rinpoche for a new edition. He did not have the time to do it because of his other duties, so he commanded that I should do it. Accordingly, using the general Yamantaka texts and relying particularly closely upon the chapters of Dragkar Ngarampa’s teachings, I compiled the Dorje Rirab Tsegpay Trulkor ( The Emanated Stacked Wheels Of Vajra Mountains), ritual recitation for the suppression of Si-Spirits. 

 	In the early summer, as requested by a resident of Lhasa who stayed below the meat market, Män Lhamo Tsering, to dedicate roots of virtue for the deceased Tsewang Norbu, a practitioner with lay ordination, I gave twenty-five days of instructions on Lamrim Nyurlam ( The Swift Path Stages Of The Path To Enlightenment). This was given to a gathering of over three thousand, under a tent canopy pitched in the Namgyäl Dratsang’s Jarag field. And at the conclusion of that, at the request of the Namgyäl Dratsang General Assembly, for over a thousand who had already received great initiation of Vajra Bhairava, I gave fifteen days of profound instructions on the generation and completion stage yogas of Thirteen Deity Yamantaka and instructions on the three dimensional mandala.130 
 	Although Namgyäl Dratsang certainly had fine traditions of painting and sand-painting, they did not have a tradition of transmitting instructions on the construction of three dimensional mandalas. After discussing the situation with Kuchar Chöpön, Känpo Lozang Samten, Lobpön Tänpa Dhargyä and others, we instituted transmission and instructions for the construction of three dimensional mandalas of Heruka, Guyhasamaja, and Yamantaka. Responsibility for being the first teacher was shouldered by Gyume Trehor Ngarampa Tsultrim Dargyä. Accordingly, about eight 

128 bsdus gra 
129 The Tagdrag Sangha’s general Sutra and Tantra recitations such as the three basic Vinaya rituals, and especially the extensive Geleg Charbeb consecration ritual in the exact procedure of glorious Gyumä Tantric College; the self-generation, front generation, vase and initiation rituals; and fire pujas of Secret Assembly Lokesvara. 
130 These were with occasionally interspersed instructions on such things as the visualizations for Great Torma Ritual, Drugchuma (the Dharmaraja Torma), and Fire Pujas, etc and explanations of everything I knew about the practices without concealing anything. 
 	
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Namgyäl Dratsang monks – including the master and chant leader – completed the study and created new mandalas at Ganden Jangtse and Drepung that were very well made. 

 	That year, during the sixth month, I had an extremely heavy intestinal sickness for about twenty days. At the conclusion of that, I was taken by a water based illness and came very close to death. But I was treated by the head of the great Tibetan Government Medical-Astrological Institute, Känchen Kyenrab Norbu the Supreme, like Yutogpa, the King of Medicine, and His Holiness’s doctor Känchung Thubten Lhundrub. On the basis of that, with ritual services being done, and not being lax in taking care of my health, I finally recovered in the ninth month of the year and could at last go outdoors again. 

 	In the winter, at the request of Trehor Zhitse Gyapon family ritual master named Ngawang Dorje, one of the best instructors at Sera Jey, and his brother Döndrub Namgyäl, I began giving a Lamrim Nyurlam experiental commentary to about fifty at my office at the Norbulingka. After a few days, because there were several Sangha students from Sera Jey among the attendees, the chief steward Känchung Thubtän Legmön came to my residence one day and said that my giving Lamrim teachings at the Norbulingka was like the metaphor of locking a thief inside the house131, and that it would be good if I took a break for a while. As a result, I moved back to my room at Lhasa and finished the rest of the Lamrim commentary for about a hundred aspirants. Because it went to the Regent Rinpoche, although he did not exhibit any concern, it must have been the steward’s own timid narrow-mindedness anticipating possible problems. 
 	In the year of the fire-boar when I was forty-seven, there was conflict between the parties of the ex-regent Ratreng Rinpoche and the acting regent Tagdrag Rinpoche. Although they were both undisputed great beings who had attained high abandonments and realizations, to subdue trainees in accordance with their needs, the Buddhas and bodhisattvas will display whatever sort of illusory emanation will subdue the the traineers, whether pure or impure, even of demons or rakshas. 

 	Although there is one ultimate reality, in order to appear to common trainees, it is as Protector Manjusri Sakya Pandita said, 
 	
 	One who always strives to be divisive 
 	Will separate even stable friends; 
 	Will not stone boulders be cracked 
 	
 	If they are always struck by water? 

 	For Tagdrag Rinpoche there were those such as his manager Tänpa Tharchin, steward Thubten Legmön, and Kändrung Ngawang Namgyäl; and for Ratreng Rinpoche there were those such as his brother the Tzasag, Zhide Nyungnä Tulku, Sera Jey Kardo Tulku, several attendants who fabricated a schism and through various conditions such as many distorted petitions both early and late, it became as if the minds of these great lamas were not of one vessel. 
 	
 	The first ritual they performed on behalf of Ratreng Rinpoche, which, on the contrary, brought ruin upon themselves, was one which had an aspect of seeking to harm the Regent Tagdrag Rinpoche’s body132. The Regent and Kashag therefore took joint action on the evening of the twenty-third of the second month and, with Kalön Zurkangpa Wangchen Geleg, Lhalungpa Tsewang Dorje and a rather large contingent of officers and soldiers from the Drazhi (Four Corner) Army Camp, suddenly brought Gyälzur Rinpoche to Ratreng. 

 	This situation did not come to light until the next day, around midday. I was staying at my room in Lhasa at the time so the Kalön and Lama Rampawa Thubten Kunkyen sent me a secret message that it would be best if I came immediately to the Potala. Since the Kalön and Lama themselves had to stay at the Potala for several days they said that I should prepare to stay there also, and I went immediately. 
 	
 	That night, by order of the Kashag, Ratreng Labrang and Yabzhi Punkang Castle were locked and sealed shut and Ratreng Tzasag, Läzur and Punkang Kazur Gung Tashi Dorje, father 

131 Evidently the steward felt Kyabje Trijang Dorjechang was taking monks away from Sera Monastery! 
132 This “rituals” refers to some form of black, harmful magic. 
 	
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and son, were summoned to the Potala. The two officers and their assistants were simultaneously exiled and taken into custody in the prison in the eastern great turret of the Potala. The next day the houses of more partisans of Ratreng Rinpoche including Kardo Tulku, Zhide Nyungnä Tulku, and Trehor Sadu were shut down and locked. Kardo Tulku and Sadu Gyurme were also taken into custody at the great eastern turret. When Nyungnä Lama was about to be arrested he secretly escaped and took his own life with a gun. 
 	
 	On the twenty-seventh of the second month, Ratreng Rinpoche was taken into custody and, taken in a counterclockwise direction around the Potala Palace by way of Pelpogo La Pass, in front of Sera Monastery and the Tsesum field, and brought through the eastern door below the Potala into the great eastern turret. Large forces were stationed to stand guard. In order for Ratreng Rinpoche to be questioned before an extensive gathering of the Tibetan Assembly he was brought under heavy guard up and down the eastern Deyang steps of the Potala. I saw him from my office in the Potala. To see that great lama authority, who had before traveled in such magnificence with an entourage of many public and private attendants, to be now subjected to the strife of having to undergo trial and be judged by the assembly every day without even one attendant, surrounded by soldiers, made me unhappy, but all means to help had been exhausted. 

 	The night of the seventeenth of the third month we heard the news that Ratreng Rinpoche had expired in prison. The previous day, the assembly convening to decide Ratreng Rinpoche’s appeal had not been able to come to agreement, so I wondered if Rinpoche had passed on with conscious free will, out of fear that he would receive a heavy sentence. I had no other idea what else could have caused him to pass on so suddenly. Later on, there were many rumors that he had been secretly murdered by the prison wardens that kept him in custody. Ratreng Rinpoche’s brother the Tzasag and Kardo Tulku were chained and held in the outer and inner jails at the Norbulingka bodyguard military camp and given heavy sentences such as life imprisonment by all of the major and minor officials who again met in fully assembly. At first Pungkang Kazur father and son and Sadu Gyurme were imprisoned just on suspicion of their heavy connection with Ratreng Rinpoche, but they were later cleared of complicity in the black magic and were released from prison to continue comfortably as before. 
 	
 	At that time, most of Sera Jey Dratsang officials had no power over policies and many of the Dratsang such as Tsenya Tulku gathered to demonstrate at the seat of the government. Because it created quite a disturbance, the army threatened to raze Sera to the ground. They were urged to do so by Lower Kalön Chögyäl Nyima, Magchi Tzasag Kälzang Tsultrim, Kändrung Ngawang Namgyäl, Tsipön Ngapöpa Ngawang Jigme and Namlingpa Päljor Jigme who went to the Four Corners Army Camp. This caused the Sera Jey Sangha to show respect so that, at least, the fighting did not become extremely widespread. 
 	
 	At Ratreng Monastery, because the Labrang attendants killed seventeen of the Four Corner Army Camp soldiers that had been sent to lock down the labrang, the government sent a very large force with the Commander in Chief Kälzang Tsultrim and Northern Commander Zhakaba Losäl Döndrub. Their shelling of the Ratreng monastic seat and temple was very effective. The Ratreng Labrang belongings, which rivaled the treasury of Tzambhala133, were seized and carried off by the soldiers, and, at the wishes of the government, the labrang was completely annihilated. 

 	Thinking about this unstable nature of samsaric happiness and sorrow, endlessly and constantly fluxuating as fast as lightning, made me want to forcefully renounce the essenceless things of this life and immediately go into the mountains like an injured deer, to soak myself in the nectar of the three isolations134 and stay with the Four Orders of the Aryas, striving for full attainment in this very lifetime through actual training of body, speech, and mind in practice of the three isolations. But because of being tightly bound by the insistent appearances and attachments of this life, I was unable to sever that continuum of activities that distracts oneself and fails others, and I had to leave it aside. 
 	
133 rmug ‘tzin dwang po’ bang mtzod 
134 Isolation of body, speech, and mind, high realizations of the generation and completion stages of highest yoga tantra. 
 	
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 	Because of the situation just described, many ordinary beings on the side of both the Regent Rinpoche and Ratreng Rinpoche blasphemed and denied one of these lamas. However, if you consider it in terms of being a display for the sake of trainees and the powerful karma being dealt with, there is no certainty that those ordinary beings actually created the karma of forsaking the guru. Similar events occurred in the lives of Arya Maudgyalyana, the Arhat Charka, the sovereign Tri Rälpachen and others, and it is the kind of situation in which one needs to be very careful not to impute fault or pass judgment upon the actions of holy beings. Again, as said in the Gathering Of Friends 135, 

 	If those who have done no wrong, 
 	Rely upon others that act harmfully, 
 	
 	It will rouse suspicion even upon them 
 	
 	And bad reputation will spread. 
 	
 	Those who rely upon the unsuitable 
 	
 	Will be faulted for that mistake. 
 	
 	As said, Kyabgön Sikyong Tagdrag Dorjechang the supreme, the Regent, was a great Tantric Master, a ‘ Turner Of The Wheel Of Dharma’ of the sacred ocean of mandalas. The ex-regent Ratreng Rinpoche also, even at a young age, when he was living in Dagpo, drove a wooden stake into a stone boulder and left imprints of his feet in stone. The artifacts of those miraculous deeds were kept in the main Ratreng shrine room for anyone to see with their own eyes. 

 	Both clearly displayed signs of being holy beings, generally speaking. However, because of the lesser merit of living beings, and because of the previously mentioned bad attendants of Tagdrag Rinpoche and Ratreng Rinpoche and those who followed their leads had their their hearts intoxicated by mara, with mistaken bad actions daring to destroy happiness of this and future lives, they became involved in an unbearable mass of negativity towards very powerful beings and, in particular, towards the Guru and Three Jewels. Thinking about how the excellent deeds of such a great guru who is a friend to all living beings can be misinterpreted in the eyes of ordinary beings and polluted by their bad attendants, it seems to me that it disparages even Lord Buddha who, thinking of the welfare of beings in pure and impure worlds, in many sutras spoke of the need to purify samsara. 
 	
 	In the summer, requested by the benefactor, Trehor Sadutsang family, at the Jarag Linga field in front of the main assembly hall of Namgyäl Dratsang, for an assembly of over three thousand people, I gave commentary on the Guru Puja. This was on the basis of the root text and the great commentary by Kachen Yeshe Gyältsän. Further, on the basis of the Panchen Lama Lozang Chökyi Gyältsän’s Mahamudra Root Commentary, I also presumed136 to give extensive commentary on the Ganden Tradition of Mahamudra. 

 	After that, I received commentaries and transmissions from Kumbum Minyag Rinpoche of various sacred practices137. 
 	
 	In the autumn of that year, His Holiness the Dalai Lama the Supreme, following tradition, entered the Dharma at the monastic seat. And, in order to begin his study of logic and dialectics, he went to Drepung with extensive ceremony. I went in the entourage and stayed in an office at the Kungarawa Dharma courtyard. Following previous tradition, the Regent Sikyong Rinpoche also appointed Tsänzhabs from the seven dratsangs of the three monastic seats, at this time appointing, in addition to the previous three of us, Loseling Gyälrong Geshe Lozang Döndän, Deyang Geshe 

135 mtza bshes kyi tsoms 
136 The word bskul, translated as “pretends, presumes”, etc. in this context , as elsewhere, indicates Kyabje Trijang Dorjechang’s humility. 
137 Je Tsongkhapa’s Essence Of Eloquence On The Provisional And Definitive, Illuminating The Intention Of The Middle Way; Kädrubje’s Tongtun Kälzang Migje ( Short Writing On Emptiness To Open The Eyes Of The Fortunate); Gungtang’s Commentary To The Praise Of The Meaningful; Mind-Training Rays Of The Sun; The Eight Verses Of Mind-Training; and The Wheel Of Sharp Weapons. 
 	
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Chöpel Gawa, Sera Jey Hardong Geshe Ngödrub Chognye, and Ganden Jangtse Serkong Tugsä Thubten Tobjor. 
 	
 	On the actual day of the great ceremony, in the Kungarawa Dharma Courtyard, with a full assembly of all of the lay and ordained government officials and abbots, lamas, and tulkus of the three monastic seats, after the Dalai Lama and Regent, Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, and we seven Tsänzhabs had recited the Ka Nyam Ma ( Praise of the Six Ornaments and Two Supreme Ones), and Expression Of The Names Of Manjusri  up to the words, ‘The victory banner of Dharma Pratimoksha ordination being well planted…’ the Regent Rinpoche sat for an examination that entailed memorization from the beginning of Paramita. 

 	After the Dalai Lama and the old and new Tsänzhabs had recited together, the Dalai Lama sat for examination with each of the Tsänzhabs, beginning with myself, offering a point to be debated from the beginning of Paramita. At the conclusion, I recited words of auspiciousness and, following tradition, an extensive celebration was held. Then I accompanied the traditional procession for the great ceremonies at each of the main assembly halls, four Dratsangs, Namgyäl Dratsang, Tashi Kangsar, and Gepel Retreat. Having finshed the grand ceremonies at Drepung, the Dalai Lama went to the Marlam Nechung Castle to invoke Emanated King Of Dharma Dorje Dragden where I witnessed the Dharmapala secretly displaying the bases of leather mask, mule, and so forth before the Dalai Lama. 
 	
 	Then I accompanied the procession to Sera Tegchen Ling on Pari Mountain. I stayed on the upper floor of Dänma Kangtsän near the back of the main assembly hall at Sera. I also accompanied His Holiness when he went to the Sera Monastery main assembly hall, its three dratsangs, and Hardong Kangtsän. During His Holiness’s traditional trip to Pabongka Retreat, I made a trip to Tashi Chöling Retreat where I saw Kyabchog Dorjechang Chogtrul138 Rinpoche and offered him long-life initiation and several Dharma transmissions. After the ceremonies were concluded at Sera and His Holiness went to the Potala, I also went and stayed there. 
 	
 	The Sumdän Great Vajradhara Gyälrong Geshe Lozang Samdrub Rinpoche said I must come to help consecrate the two-story high statues of Je Tsongkhapa and his two disciples that had been newly built in the statuary of Drakang Changlochän assembly hall of glorious Gyume Tantric College in Lhasa. Together with all of the Sangha of Gyume Dratsang I performed the extensive Geleg Charbeb consecration by means of Guyhasamaja with preliminary, main body, and concluding sections of the ritual. On the concluding day of the ritual when the names of Geshe Rinpoche and the renovation official Taiji Shänkawa were listed among the sponsors, I made prayers and mentally emanated as many offerings as I could, making offering of the eight auspicious substances and so forth. 
 	
 	At the end of autumn, after His Holiness had gone to the Potala, the Regent Kyabgön Sikyong Rinpoche ordered that the Potala Palace’s residential library on the upper floor, a vast number of texts used by the previous Dalai Lamas, should have their indexes finished and 
detailed because those that Sera Mey Tsawa Kangtsän Tritrul Rinpoche had made for the previous Dalai Lama were only roughly completed. He ordered that I should take charge and finish the job with the help of all of the Tsänzhab Geshes and I accepted the responsibility. In the upper library of the north side at the top of the red palace there were about three thousand scriptural volumes that we brought out and organized, wrapped in cloth covers with the help of about fifteen Namgyäl monks. For many days we seven Tsänzhab Geshes on the three levels of the Potala residence carefully checked the existing indexes, reordered pages that were out of order, and arranged new indexes in a very fastidious manner.
 
 	Among the scriptures was the Stacked Jewels Sutra from the house of Jetsun Milarepa’s birth; texts used by Omniscient Butön with notations in his own hand; and scriptures that had been studied by many early famous qualified scholars and yogis such as Kädrub Norzang Gyatso, Shvalu Lochen, Chökyong Zangpo–Dharmapala Bhadra, and so forth, many written and annotated in their own handwriting. Among the collection of texts of the Great Fifth Dalai Lama were some he listed 

138 Chogtrul is a title which means “Supreme incarnation” and refers to highly revered incarnated Lamas. These are Lamas who are respected for spending all their time to spread the Dharma. 
 	
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as the practice of the ‘Crazy Laughing Tantrika of Zahor.’ I checked and it was very extensive. 

 	Thus, there were many texts hand-written by the Great Fifth, some annotated by the hand of Desi Sangyä Gyatso, and so forth. In summary, there were scriptures which recorded the words of Buddha; Sutra and Tantra commentaries on their meaning written by previous scholars and masters of all traditions and tenet systems without partisanship; Dharma and general histories; and texts on outer and inner conventional fields of knowledge, and so forth. It was completely mind-boggling and inconceivable. There were many very rare texts that I had never seen, with titles that I had never even heard of, but it was only a time of hard work, and there was no time to examine those texts at leisure. Continuing on when that was finished, there was another very extensive collection of scriptures in the northeast Great Sunlight Ganden Nangsäl residence of the Potala for which we also made detailed indexes. In the lower library there was an extremely vast collection of scriptural volumes were supposed to be indexed within a stipulated time but we eventually never got around to it. 

 	In the year of the earth rat I was forty-eight. When the Ganachakra was over, during the waxing of the moon of the third month, I gave great initiations of Guyhasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka over the course of five days including preliminary days. This was urged by the representative of Gyutö Tantric College’s abbot, Drepung Loseling Minyag Kyorpön Lozang Yöntän which was done in the Dharma courtyard of the Lhasa Ramoche Gyutö College, for an assembly of about four thousand such as the entire Sangha of Gyutö, I also offered great initiation of the Great Compassionate One dedicated as roots of virtue for the deceased Kashag Edrung Trätse at the request of Tsedrung Lozang Gyältsän. It was at this time that the sole Protector, peerlessly kind Dorjechang Pabongkapa’s incarnation who was referred to then as Chogtrul Rinpoche first started practicing the highest Tantric Yogas. 

 	At another time, the Sangha of Dagpo Shedrub Ling of the east arrived to offer a long-life puja in celebration of His Holiness entering the Dharma at the monastic seats. At the Sangha’s officials’ request, I offered an initiation of the Great Compassionate One at Zhide Dratsang for about five hundred attendees, mainly the Sangha of Dagpo Dratsang. After that, for the sake of generating merit for the deceased attendant of Käldän Tsering (His Holiness, Kenchen Tsedrung Lozang Kälzang’s brother), I gave a Vajrayogini Four Initiation Blessing and instructions on the two stages for eight days at the assembly hall of Lhasa Tsemön Ling Dratsang. 

 	The year the government had completed the renovation of the main assembly hall of Ganden, I had to assist the Regent Sikyong Tagdrag Rinpoche in consecrating it as he was too exhausted to perform the peaceful and wrathful fire pujas. This went on for three days with the Namgyäl ritual monks. To commemorate the renovation of the main assembly hall I offered public tea, good rice soup, and made distribution of offerings. 

 	After the Regent had gone ahead to Lhasa, at the urging of Taiji Shänkawa Gyurme Sönam Tobgyäl (the official in charge of the workers’ assembly hall renovation), I offered Je Tsongkhapa Long-Life Initiation for the Sangha of Ganden Shartse and Jangtse and the workers in the Dharma courtyard of the main assembly hall. 

 	Every year during the latter part of the summer Dharma session at Dragyerpa, the Sangha of Gyutö Dratsang would study the drawing of mandalas, principally Guyhasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka, and be examined by the abbots, lamas, and chant leader. But because there was no written commentarial tradition in regards to three-dimensional mandalas apart from some questions and answers that had been written down, it was difficult for those of lesser intelligence to understand it precisely on the basis of the written words. Therefore, through discussion with the abbots, lamas, and officers, we instituted a yearly training in the practice of actual construction of three-dimensional mandalas that would be engaged in from that year onwards without break. 

 	During this period, at the Norbulingka and Potala Palaces, together with the Dalai Lama, I received from the Regent Sikyong Tagdrag Dorjechang139, all of the initiations into the secret visions of the Great Fifth Dalai Lama. 
 	
139 A title that refers to the fact this lama has attained the same state of mind as Vajaradara – which means he is fully emlightened 
 	
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 	I was forty-nine in the year of the earth bull. In the spring, as requested by the new monks of Gyume Tantric College, I offered great initiations of Guyhasamaja, Heruka and Yamantaka; Ngagtu jenangs of Guyhasamaja, Heruka and Yamantaka; jenangs of Mahakala, Dharmaraja, Lhamo, and Vaisravana; and for about a thousand who took a commitment to recite the sadhana of Solitary Hero Yamantaka daily, I also offered great initiation of Solitary Hero Yamantaka at the Lhas Gyume Dratsang assembly hall, for a large gathering of Sangha which included abbots, lamas, and monks of the Gyutö and Gyume, and lamas, tulku, and monks of the three monastic seats. 

 	To dedicate merits for the deceased and clear misfortune during my ‘obstacle-year’ of forty-nine, in the month of Saga Dawa, I sent my attendant Päldän with a party to the Ölka country, Samyä Monastery, Traduk Temple140, Bhutan, and other pilgrimage sites to the south to gather the merit of making offerings. During this time I offered instructions on grammar and the use of diacritical marks to the Dalai Lama. 

 	During the fifth month, as requested by the household of the resident of Lhasa Jeti Ling, Sönam Rinchen, for the sake of accumulating merit for the deceased humble Lozang Drölma, at the Zhide assembly hall, for an assembly of over a thousand, primarily lamas, tulku, and Sangha of the three monastic seats, I offered the jenang of the assembly of Deities as explained in Rinjung Gyatsa sadhana. 

 	While staying at Norbulingka palace during a summer retreat, on the twenty-fifth of the sixth month my old intestinal sickness reemerged and I suffered very heavy diarrhea, and on the second of the seventh month, when all the lay and ordained attendants, had to attend the opening ceremony of the Lhas Summer Opera Festival at the Norbulingka, my diarrhea went on for one hour till I had extreme abdominal pain. Because of the exceptionally bad diarrhea, the pain was so intense that I couldn’t move and I had to lie down right where I was, in front of my bed. The heat of my body declined and I lost consciousness. 

 	Through the care of my attendant Päldän who burned Agar Thirty-five lung–energy wind–medicinal incense mixed with tsampa, and warmed my head and face with the palms of his hands, I made it through that night. Early the next morning the Tibetan Government Medical-Astological College’s elder master Ku-ngo Kyenrab Norbu and the younger abbot Känchung Thubten Lhundrub came to visit. When they examined me and checked my pulses, my pulse for elimination seemed to lack all life, so the two doctors kept taking turns coming back from the Opera Festival to check my pulses. Thanks to their intensive treatments, the power of blessings of extensive pujas that were done to clear hindrances, etc., and because it seemed that my fortune to be sustained by the offerings of the faithful was not yet exhausted, the pain in my stomach subsided slightly. On the evening of the fourth, the Dalai Lama sent his chief attendant, Känpo Jampa Chözang, and chief chamberlain Palha Thubten Ödän with His Holiness’s palanquin for me to use, and they brought me from the Norbulingka to my room in Lhasa. After the diarrhea ceased it still took about three months for me to recover my fluids and strength. 
 	
 	New statues for the local Chatreng Monastery, a statue of Buddha Amitayus made of gold and copper about two and one half stories tall, and two over-life sized statues, one of White Tara, one of Namgyälma, were intended to be made in Kham for the most part, but the faces were being made in Lhasa to insure that they would be especially beautiful. Once they were made I arranged for the jewels to adorn the statue and the mantras to offer inside, and then sent them on for their journey to Kham. On my instructions, people in the Chatreng Monastery area also made statues of the three Kayas Buddhas and built a new Buddha Amitayus temple to the right of the dratsang’s assembly hall. 

 	In the winter, as I was staying at the Potala, the Dalai Lama said that he needed to have all new outer, inner, and secret base substances141 made for super secret Dugri Nagpo Dharmaraja. 

 	Accordingly, I rewrapped those base substances that had been wrapped in cloth from the shroud of 

140 The ‘Falcon-Dragon’ Temple, earliest of Tibet’s geomantic temples after the Jokang, reputedly built by King Songtsen Gampo. 
141 These base substances are various objects, sometimes models of animals, which are blessed as offerings and act as receptacles or bases for the presence of a Dharma Protector. 
 	
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the previous Dalai Lama. On the particular prescribed day, determined by astrological configuration, the head artist sculptor Päljor Gyälpo received Yamantaka initiation and kept practicing the sadhana continually during the time of construction. 

 	Visualising himself as the Deity, he then proceeded to prepare the base substances, in accordance to the rituals and in a fully qualified manner.142 As soon as these and the previously mentioned bases were finished, they were generated as the Deity and consecrated, etc., again, everything being done in a fully qualified manner. With all of the bases except for the tangkas collected inside their box, we brought them into their place in the Dalai Lama’s Narim residence in the Potala. 

 	At the time we were first gathering these objects there were repeated loud banging and clattering sounds in my room at night such as never before; the day the new tangka was offered to the great Dalai Lama, his chief attendant Känpo Kyenrab Tenzin suddenly had a stroke; and one day going to my room in Lhasa I was thrown from my horse. Various such disturbing manifestations arose. As this super secret Dharmaraja, great guardian of Manjusri Tsongkhapa’s teachings, is extremely secret and strict, these were signs that the protectors were gathering at that time. 

 	Again, just as I finished that, the order was given that new base substances should also be made for Lhamo Magzorma, which I proceeded to prepare143. This was all done in a qualified manner in accordance with the Dalai Lama Gedun Gyatso’s presentation of Lhamo Lä Sum (Three Activities of Lhamo), the Son  writings of the Sealed Secret Visions of the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, and so forth. After the generation of the bases, consecration and so on were well completed, they were sealed inside the black laquered box with wrathful designs on it, and invited to remain in the presence of Päldän Lhamo in the bedroom of the Potala residence. 
 	
142 With himself generated as the Deity, after having whitened the base-cloth, he placed the seed syllables on the sense organs and the circle of mantra at the heart and then painted over those, thus making the base objects in a fully qualified manner. There were speech bases of an iron knife with a placard inscribed with the life-force mantra and another with the mantra wheels of the male and female yamas; and a mind base of a club made of sandalwood with a sharp purba-dagger at its root. There was a base of the mother that was a three pointed iron knife adorned with black silk with mantras written on it. There were bases for the entourage of rakshas that were thirty-two iron swords with poisonous blood poured on their blades; a base for Vishnu of a copper arrow in a sheath made from the horn of an uncastrated red bull; a outer bases in the shape of a buffalo and a long-haired shaggy yak with apricot mantra placards around their necks; inner bases painted on black silk with forms and mantras painted with blood, sindhura, padmarakta, ghiwam, and musk; secret bases of two skulls, one male one female, with male and female yama-faces naturally protruding from their backs, with the images painted to further bring out and clarify them, and inside the joined union of the skulls, Dharmaraja’s form painted on a shroud; calfs and so forth, filled with wrathful mantric substances and dharani mantras and sealed. 
143 For the body base, there still existed a ‘speaking’ tangka that was the Dalai Lama’s meditational support in the Narim residence, so there was no need to make a new one. For the speech base I painted a golden gilt tangka of Dakini Meche Barma–Blazing Flames, for mind base, a mirror with BHYO painted on it, for activity bases, a sandalwood vajra-club adorned with mantra inscribed black silk and and the skull of the son of an unmarried woman filled with mantric substances, various bloods and medicines. The outer base was a crow made of black silk with, inside the stuffing of grain and medicines, a consecrated image of Lhamo painted on human skin. The inner base was an illegitimate child’s skull fabricated from black silk with, inside the stuffing, a life axis of a trident made from wood burned in a cremation fire anointed with poison and blood wrapped in a shroud inscribed with Lhamo’s long calling-crushing-killing mantra written in blood and an illegitimate child’s heart filled with leaves that had been carried by the wind but had not touched the ground upon half of which was written Lhamo’s mantra and, facing it on the other half, Lhamo’s form and anointed, and also filled with different types of bloods, grains, and extended mantras.143 There was black silk on the body, victory banner placed in the hand, and tuft of a peacock feather stuck in the head. The secret base was the illegitimate child’s heart in a shape with the three channels intact with, inside it, pebbles taken from Lhamo Lhatso that had never been seen by human eyes and large four-sided black stones with BHYO written on them in padmarakta–lotus blood143; and an arrow made from seven jointed wild bamboo grown among black boulders and adorned with crow’s feather, with the Seven BHYO Mantra143 written, one syllable atop the next, on up to the feather and, from the base of the feather, the Yidam’s mantra and Lhamo’s calling-crushing-killing mantra with the extensions on the mantras, set with an iron point dipped in poison and blood and adorned with tiger cloth, leopard cloth, the crossed hairs of embarrasment143, black silk with mantras, mirror, shells, drapes and so forth. There were also iron swords and daggers. In one sitting the sculptors made a sun of gold, a moon of silver, colored ball of thread, the red mule, the black and white die, and so forth. 
 	
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 	Around that time, together with His Holiness the Dalai Lama, I also received great initiation of Seventeen Deity White Umbrella Deity from Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche on the basis of the Läkyi Shöpa textbook. 

 	In the year of the iron tiger I was fifty. In spring, for the sake of dedicating merit to the deceased Tsamkung nun, Anni Puntsog, I was requested by her followers to give several initiations to over a hundred aspirants at the Lhasa Tsamkung Nunnery. I gave, in succession, great initiations of Gandhapa Five-Deity Heruka and Gandhapa Body Mandala, experiential commentary on Gandhapa Body Mandala generation and completion stages, Vajrayogini Four Initiation Blessing and instructions on Vajrayogini generation and completion stages.
 
 	At the behest of Sera Jey abbot Trehor Thubten Samten, at Sera summer retreat, in the Sera Jey Känyän Dratsang’s assembly hall, for most of the Sangha of Sera Jey, Mey and Tantric Colleges, as well as many monks commuting daily for the teachings from Lhasa and Drepung, a gathering of almost five thousand, I gave experiential Lamrim instructions on the basis of the three combined Delam, Nyurlam, and Jampel Shälung scriptures, instructions on the Seven Points Of Mind-Training, and instructions on Six-Session Guru Yoga for over a month. In the midst of an ocean of so many enlightened masters of the vast scriptures, my giving these teachings was like a braying donkey wearing a leopard skin! Among the attendees at the time was Drepung Loseling Geshe Yeshe Lodän, one of the best scholars of the three monastic seats, who came to my residence, one day after the Lamrim  teachings were finished, and expressed to me his delight at the way I had taught the path without high-sounding words but in conjunction with direct experience. 

 	Although I had not the slightest practice upon which to rely, and was only acting as a messenger, repeating and mimicking the words of the peerlessly kind father guru, he appeared to be insatiable for this Dharma teaching which explains a thousand tastes of meaning. 

 	In early summer of that year, to the south of Lhasa level with Bumpa-Ri Mountain, the bad omen of a comet appeared in the sky for about a month. Also, while teaching lamrim at Sera, one evening just after dusk, from the direction of the Four Corner Army Camp to the south of Sera, we suddenly heard a noise like that of many guns being fired. Right after that an extremely strong and prolonged earthquake struck and the copper and gold gangeria ornament on the roof of Sera Jey Dratsang and the bells on the victory banner made jingling sounds all on their own. Because I was staying in the residence on the upper floor of the dratsang building I was quite afraid at first, but when I considered carefully, I felt confident in the karmic principle that one will never meet with the consequences of actions one has not committed oneself. There were many sounds of gunfire from the sky and and earthquakes all over Tibet at that same time. It appeared to be a bad sign that the barbarian Red Chinese Army’s poisonous breath was approaching. 

 	Trehor Beri Getag Tulku Rinpoche went to Chamdo to try to prevent the destruction of Tibet by the evil design and cunning of the Chinese Communists and, without ulterior motives, went to the site where discussions were being held between the Chinese and Tibetans. Getag 
Rinpoche had received many teachings of Sutra and Tantra from the regent Sikyong Tagdrag Rinpoche. He also had a long-standing close guru-disciple relationship with me and was always showing me genuine faith and loyalty. He had always acted with altruism to the best of his ability and there was never even the slightest suspicion of mistake or wrongdoing on his part. Yet, like an obstacle to us all in common, through the actions of some who saw ghosts where there was nothing but shadows, our own government confined Getag Tulku under suspicion and he ended up dying in Chamdo, it was rumoured through poisoning or some other means. I regretted not having the chance to see him again but there was nothing to do about it. 

 	On the eighth of the ninth month, the Red Chinese Communists’ Army suddenly arrived in Chamdo and the Tibetan Army did not stand fast and gradually lost ground. The situation became more and more desperate when the Governor of Kham, Kalön Ngapö Ngolä, his commanders, and a large crowd was seized from Drugu Monastery in Chamdo by the Red Chinese Army, put in prison and as a result the two Kyabgön Chöyön–Ritual Masters, the Kashag, and the Secretaries went together to invoke Great Dharmaraja Nechung at the Norbulingka Swirling Sunlight Residence as well as the Gadong Dharmapala Shingjachän. The Gadong Dharmapala, after making 
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full-length prostration before the Dalai Lama said, ‘The time has come for the Dalai Lama to take over responsibility for the political affairs of Tibet!’ Again, Nechung decreed the same thing. 

 	Accordingly, the Kashag, Secretaries, and the Assembly of the Tibetan government immediately conferred and unanimously requested His Holiness the Dalai Lama to take control of all political and spiritual affairs and received his acceptance. On the seventh day of the tenth month, Kyabgön Sikyong Tagdrag Rinpoche withdrew from his position as regent and on the eighth with great celebration, in Sizhi Puntsog main assembly hall of the great Potala Palace, the golden wheel, symbol of two-fold political and spiritual authority over Tibet, was offered to His Holiness and the great enthronement ceremony was held. That day, with broad-mindedness, he granted amnesty to all prisoners being held throughout Tibet, including Ratreng Tzasag, Kardo Tulku, Tsenya Tulku, and Kalön Kashöpa. 

 	Soon after that, as the Red Chinese Army became more and more aggressive, His Holiness appointed Kuchar Känche Lozang Tashi and Tsipön Dekarwa Tsewang Rabten as dual substitute Regents. On the tenth of the eleventh month, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Sizur Tagdrag Dorjechang, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, ministers, secretaries, all of His Holiness’s attendants and entourage, secretly left the Potala in separate groups by way of the Norbulingka and made their way to Domo at the border. I went with a small entourage that included Lhabu, Päldän, and Gyume Ngag-ram Trehor Tsultrim Dargyä. We left Lhasa in the morning and stayed at the residence in Nyetang Tashigang. In the Nyetang Tara Temple there we got to see such sacred objects as a speaking Tara image that Lord Atisha had relied upon for his meditation and the reliquary ‘Inseparability Stupa’144 of Suvarnadvipa. 

 	The next day as we were traveling through lower Jang,145 the Sangha of the three monastic seats who had gone to winter session there heard a rumor that the Dalai Lama and his entourage were traveling through and there was a huge gathering of Sangha waiting on the path. But because His Holiness had worn ordinary clothing he had already slipped by without anyone noticing. When Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I arrived there many monks crowded around us and threw offerings of khataks and money from the right and left, weeping, taking hold of our horses reins and trying to stop us from leaving and made it very difficult for us to pass. We told them we would see them again before long and to ease their anxiety. Because we left the large amount of money the monks had strewn at us right where it fell, the villagers that lived near the path there must have attained a bit of the ‘siddhi of money’! 

 	That night we stayed in the house of a family in the village of Chushul but because many monks of the three monastic seats thronged to us there as well, we again left for the meeting place. 

 	Having gotten off the Chagsam ferry, we met elders of the mahasiddha Tongtang Gyälpo’s tradition at the Chuwo Ri practice hermitage. Then gradually, through Gampa Pass, Yardrog, Karola, Ralung, Gyältse, and Pagri, etc., we reached lower Domo. His Holiness was staying at the Chubi Domo High Ministers chambers while my entourage and I, the Dalai Lama’s mother, Tagtser 

 	Rinpoche and others of the Dalai Lama’s immediate entourage stayed on the top floor of the Chubi Dratsang building where each of us had been given sleeping quarters. For that period, His Holiness and his entourage temporarily resided at Domo out of consideration of outer and inner circumstances, from where he conducted peaceful talks with the Chinese Communists. 

 	Because it seemed an obvious course of action to seek assistance in the form of support from other countries, I sent Päldän along with the merchant Lozang Yeshe as his companion on pilgrimage to India and Nepal because he had never been to the sacred pilgrimage sites. Because I sent with him quite a few offerings to make at the sacred sites, I had the opportunity to make rather extensive offerings. Myself, Lhabu, Gyume Trehor Chabril Tsultrim Dhargyä and others stayed right where we were. 

 	When I turned fifty one at Losar, in the year of the iron hare, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, myself and the attendant monks of Namgyäl Dratsang offered the periodic torma to Päldän Lhamo, while all the Government servants that were there such as the Kalön–
 	
144 ‘bral med mcchod rten 
145 ljang 
 	
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Ministers performed a simple new years ceremony at the Domo main chambers after which I went for auspicious new year audience with the ex-regent Kyabgön Tagdrag Dorjechang where he was staying Domä Jema. 

 	After the new year’s ceremonies of the third I accompanied His Holiness on pilgrimage to the Domo Kagyu Monastery and spent two days there. His Holiness and his entourage then moved their quarters to Dungkar (White Conch) Monastery in upper Domo. We also went to stay in the monks’ quarters of Dungkar Dratsang, at the residence of Ngawang Tsöndru of Böntsang Dratsang. 

 	His Holiness, in addition to keeping me at the rank of Tsänzhab Darhän, felt that it was inappropriate for me to sit in a position at the end of the row of government lay ministers and promoted me to a rank at the head of the ministerial row where I was offered khatak and held a simple symbolic first audience in that new capacity. 

 	Requested by Katsab Lama Tashi Lingpa Wangchug for the sake of accumulating merits for his brother Chagtzö, I gave about fifteen days of commentary on the Swift Path Lamrim and the bodhicitta puja at the end as well as many as about three hundred listeners inside and outside of the assembly hall of Tashi Chöling Retreat, part of Upper Domo’s Dungkar Monastery were present. 

 	Since the time of the deceased grandfather, Tupa Dönyö of the Galingang Bonpo family from upper Domo, I had a strong connection with his descendants as disciples and patrons and so, I accepted their invitation to come and perform Yangdrub at their house and gave long-life initiation and other teachings. I stayed for a few days. I had an extremely strong connection with the previous Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kelzang, a great being who was highly renowned and had a previous guru-disciple relationship with the Sangha of Dungkar Monastery. I therefore made a distribution of offerings and also had four banners made with cat-shaped appliqué head ornaments to offer as ornaments for the four tall pillars in the assembly hall. 
 	
 	On the eighth of the third month when, in accordance with tradition, a simple Eighth-day Torma ceremony was held, I asked my attendant Palden to meet the new Tsekor Officer. As His Holiness the Dalai Lama performed approach retreat of Solitary Hero Yamantaka root mantra, approach retreat of Pälmo system Great Compassionate One, and inner Dharmaraja, I went to assist with the rituals. 
 	
 	Representatives of the Tibetan Government who were sent to China, including Kalön Ngapö Ngawang Jigme, Kemä Tzasag Sönam Wangdö, Kändrung Thubten Tändar, and Känchung Thubten Legmön, were forced into the so-called Seventeen Point Agreement, following which Ngapö and some of the other representatives returned to Tibet by way of Kham while Tzasag Kemä and Kändrung Thubten Tendar came back by way of Hong Kong and India and came back through Domo at the same time that the Communist Chinese representatives sent to Tibet, Trangchin U and Alo Butrang arrived in Domo. In meetings with His Holiness the Dalai Lama, with slick sweet-talk, they spoke about developing the country through ‘peaceful liberation’ and ‘establishing the public in happiness’ and insisted that His Holiness and his entourage must return to the Lhasa capital immediately. Considering the possible benefits versus risks, it was decided that we should return so, as the fifth month began, we left Domo and traveled by way of Pagri, Gyältse, Nakartse, Yardrog, Samding, Taglung Monastery, Päldi, Nyasog, Zä Chökor, Yangtse, Nyetang Ratö, Tagdrag Retreat, and so forth, where our government escorts pitched yak hair tents in the fields. 

 	Then we went by Kyitsäl Luding where the main government escort brought us with elaborate ceremony to the Norbulingka Kälzang Palace, traveling together in unfixed order, depending on the circumstances. Along the way, at the wishes of the Sangha of the Nyingma Monastery at Gyältse, the local Gyältse Dratsang, and the Sangha of Chökor Yangtse, I offered instructions, just outlines, making Dharma connections with each. 
 	
 	The ex-regent Kyabgön Tagdrag Dorjechang had left Domo ahead of us and I went to pay my respects to him while he was staying at Tagdrag retreat. 
 	
 	As soon as we had arrived in Lhasa, the jeweler Kälzang and his daughter the nun, Anni Ngawang Chötzin, who were resident at the new Drepung Gomang house, invited to come and, at the same time, institute Vajrayogini Self-Initiation practice at the nunnery of Nechung Mountain. 

 	Accordingly, I went to Nechung Mountain and gave the nuns the great initiations of Five-Deity 

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Gandhapa Heruka and blessing of the Four Sindhura Initiations of Vajrayogini, staying there a few days. 
 	
 	Accepting an invitation arranged at that time by the ordained members of the Samling family of Bombor Kangtsän of Sera Monastery in Marlam, I went there and made distributions at the family gathering and made a small offering as principal to fund a yearly celebration at the conclusion of summer retreat. 
 	
 	After that, specially invited by Ganden Para Chogtrul Rinpoche, I went to Ganden. For three days, at Para Kangtsän, I gave great initiation of Guyhasamaja with the day of preparation, for a large gathering of abbots, lamas, and Sangha of both Ganden Jangtse and Shartse Dratsangs. 
 	
 	At Chatreng Samling Monastery, a new two story tall statue of Manjusri Tsongkhapa and over-life-sized statues of Gyältsabje and Kädrubje were to be constructed of gilded gold. As the actual bodies of the statues were to be made in Kham, I sent the faces of the three statues, which had been specially made in Lhasa, along with the offering mantras to Kham. Afterwards, the local monastery constructed the main bodies of the statues and a new Tsongkhapa temple as per my instructions. 
 	
 	In the year of the water dragon I was fifty-two. In the third month His Holiness the Dalai Lama received great initiation of Kalachakra in the great assembly hall of the Potala Palace from Yongzin Lingtrul Dorjechang, at which time I gratefully received it again as well. From the tenth day of the fourth month onward, for nine days, at the wishes of Dawa Dhargye of Kundeling Labrang, in the Shide temple of Lhasa, for a large gathering of aspirants, I presumed to give blessing of the Four Initiations of Vajrayogini, the mantra Ngag-tu jenangs with instructions on the generation and completion stages in accordance with the tradition of the masters of secret mantra. 
 	
 	During that period, at the wishes of Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, I offered him the great initiation, with preparation day, of Sixty-two Deity Luipa Heruka Chakrasamvara. 

 	At the urging of Tsering Drolkar of the Chambayer family in upper Män, from the tenth of the fifth month, at the Shide assembly hall, for a gathering of just under a thousand listeners, principally a Sangha of lamas, tulkus, and geshes I gave Gandhapa system outer Five-Deity Heruka Chakrasamvara great initiation, great initiation of Heruka Body Mandala, instructions on the practice of the two stages of Gandhapa Body Mandala, and experiential commentary on the Six Yogas Of Naropa, teaching for about twenty days. 

 	After the summer retreat was over at the Norbulingka, I went for my health to the Tölung hotsprings. As was their tradition in late summer, the glorious Mägyu Dratsang in Yarlam Chumig country were staying there for three days at the beginning of their Dharma session, so I made offerings of distributions. The Tantric practitioners were beginning chanting practice and, at their invitations, I made a brief visit to each of the kangtsäns. In the throne room I also saw the small huts where lamas such as Kunkyen Jamyang Zhäba and Longdöl Lama Rinpoche lived.
 
 	Then I stayed at the hotsprings for about two weeks for my health. At that time the Tibetan government Medical Astrological Instructor Känchen Kyenrab Norbu, and Gongkar Tulku Chögön Rinpoche of the Bhutanese system’s Dechen Chökor Monastery and his entourage also arrived together two days afterwards, both or whom were close acquaintances with whom I had pure samaya. Chögön Rinpoche was profoundly well versed in both Dharma and politics and spoke loquaciously and the Medical College abbot was also very learned in all ten fields of knowledge and spoke about scriptures and told stories of previous times, etc., so that our moments spent in leisurely conversation in the hot springs passed by very pleasantly, without our even noticing how much time had elapsed! 

 	After the hotsprings treatment, as invited by Tölung Dingka Rinpoche, I went to Dingka Monastery and gave Vajrayogini Four Initiation Blessing and, as invited by Chusang Monastery, the seat of Je Tsongkhapa’s direct disciple Dromtsön Sherjung Lodrö I offered great initiations such as Thirteen Deity Yamantaka and Kunrig for the Sangha. Then I returned to Lhasa. 

 	At this time, in conversation on the subject, His Holiness said that I should have new fully qualified tangkas painted as supports for his meditation with images of Solitary Hero Yamantaka, the Five Kings, and the Five Families of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden. Accordingly, since the head  artist Päljor Gyälpo had already received great initiation of Yamantaka, I considered that sufficient and newly conferred upon him Life Initiation of the Five Kings. Then I generated the artist as the Deity, blessed the material and tools and so forth. As explained in each of the respective tantras and scriptures such as the Beu Bum–Small Compendiums, each of the canvasses was prepared, the mantric syllables arranged, on the backs of the Five Kings and Dorje Shugden tangkas the life wheel mantras, life mantras, and aspirational prayers were written, and so forth, accomplished and consecrated at a time when the eight spirit forces were moving, everything from beginning to end was accomplished properly. 

 	In the year of the water snake, when I turned fifty-three, as requested by Metra Chötzä Gyatrug, in the Meru assembly hall, I offered great initiation of Five-Deity Gandhapa Heruka and Thirteen-Deity Yamantaka with the days of preliminaries to over a thousand people. 

 	During summer session, in connection with a construction project to enlarge the north side of the Kagyur Printing Office in the lower part of the Potala Palace, inside a new temple, His Holiness the Dalai Lama wished to have three new three-storey-tall statues made, one of Yamantaka, one of Kalachakra, and one of the Goddess Kurukulla. I instructed the artists in regard to everything to be accomplished from beginning to end, from blessing the materials for the statues, generating as the Deity, checking the shape and measurements, and offering the mantras inside when they were finished. During three days of extensive consecration ceremonies when they were finished, His Holiness the Dalai Lama came and tossed the flowers of consecration. 

 	On the occasion of the Chatreng Sampel Ling Monastery Gutor 146 Projectile-Throwing Enthronement ceremony I had made and sent a display of statues, principally, Dharmaraja Yab-Yum, Je Rinpoche, Yamantaka, Trinle Gyälpo, and Dorje Shugden, about three and a half stories tall, with fine quality garments draped upon them. 

 	In the autumn, as requested by Drepung Gomang Gungru Geshe Yeshe Gyatso, in the assembly hall of glorious Tashi Gomang Dratsang, for an assembly of almost four thousand people, principally Sangha such as abbots, officials, lamas, and tulkus of the three monastic seats of Sera, Drepung, and Ganden, I offered twenty-three days of Lamrim commentary based upon the combined texts of Delam ( The Blissful Path), Nyurlam ( The Swift Path), and Jampäl Shälung ( The Words Of Manjusri). Like a parrot saying Manis I strove to give my rough explanation in the midst of that ocean of intelligent scholars. This was the first time that the sole refuge Dorjechang Pabongkapa’s incarnation, Chogtrul Rinpoche listened to teachings of Lamrim. Requested by Ön Gyälsä Chogtrul Rinpoche, I also offered the assembly Mati System White Manjusri jenang. 

 	At the beginning of the tenth month, representatives of the Kashag and Secretaries, Kalön Zurkangpa Wangchen Geleg and Kändrung Chöpel Thubten came to where I was staying at the Norbulingka. In connection with praising Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and myself for how well our contributions to His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s studies had gone, they said that in gratitude for His Holiness taking full ordination vows the following year, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche was to be promoted to the rank of senior tutor while I was to take on the responsibility of junior tutor. The Kashag and all the Government officials had together proposed this to His Holiness the Dalai Lama, His Holiness had agreed to it, and so it was definitely confirmed. Auspicious ceremonial first audiences were to be held as soon as possible. They made offering of mandala and three bases with khatak in a manner as to say that I must give His Holiness the Dalai Lama all of the profound and vast initiations, transmissions and instructions of Sutra and Tantra, like filling a vase. They requested this with strong insistence, thus, as it is said in Abhisamayalankara (Ornament Of Realizations), 
 	
 	Keeping the mind free of discouragement and so forth, 
 	Causing identitylessness, and so forth, to be revealed 
 	While discarding what is harmful, the opposite of these, 
 	In all times and situations, that is the Yongzin–the Tutor. 
 	
146 dgu gtor 
 	
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 	Though I had not a hair’s-breadth of such qualities for an inner or outer tutor, shamelessly, this old dog had the audacity to join the ranks of the lions, and I accepted. 
 	
 	Before long, on the actual day of the symbolic khatak of command and first audience ceremonies, in the morning I made thousand-fold offerings before the Lord Shakyamuni Buddha statue and other supreme objects at the Lhasa Trulpay Tsuglakang–Emanated Temple, the sealed Ramoche temple, and the Arya Temple in the Potala, after which I went to the Norbulingka Palace and, in the Jangchub Gakyil–Enlightenment Bliss-Swirl–residence on the upper floor, I first prostrated before His Holiness the Dalai Lama, then offered mandala, the three bases, and khatak. 

 	His Holiness gave me the three bases and khatak, and a blessed bronze statue of Venerable Manjusri. Beckoning him to approach, I offered him a brief preliminary explanation beginning with the benefits of generating bodhicitta and transmission of the root text of the Fifty Verses Of Guru Devotion. 

 	After that, in the well lit large Sunlight meeting room off the residence, the government arranged an auspicious first celebration feast at which I bowed to His Holiness the Dalai Lama, great leader of all samsara and nirvana, like the glory of millions of suns on the fearless lion throne, blazing with magnificence illuminating all things, and made my actual first-audience offering of the three bases. The government also gave me a high award after which, as was the custom, I accepted congratulatory khataks from the Kalön–Ministers and His Holiness’s attendants, from the head attendant and abbots to the lay and ordained secretaries and officials. 
 	
 	After the proceedings at the Norbulingka were concluded, lined up at my door in Lhasa, in a long line with gifts when I arrived were many people, great and small, with whom I had Dharma and physical connections – from government workers of all ranks, from governing councils of the three monastic seats, dratsang and labrang. 
 	
 	This was the first year that Dragyab Chetsang Hotogtu Rinpoche arrived in Lhasa. Along with going for audience with His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the Potala he came by to visit me at my room. 
 	
 	During the winter session His Holiness the Dalai Lama performed extensive retreat on the mind mandala of Sri Kalachakra, for which I went to assist, completing the lärung (activity qualifying)   approach retreat, and the fire puja that makes up for deficiency. 
 	
 	In the year of the wood horse when I turned fifty-four, at the time of the great new year celebration of Buddha’s performance of miracles at Shravasti, Kyabgön Chenpo Chog –The Supreme Great Refuge-Protector – His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, had decided to accept the vows of a fully ordained Bikshu at the Lhasa Trulpay Tsuglakang. Prior to that, Dragyab Chetsang Hotogtu Rinpoche had also invited me to the Lhasa Great Prayer Festival Assembly. 

 	After the New Year’s Day activities were over he went, with elaborate ceremony as was the custom, from the Potala Palace to the Ganden Yangtse Residence above the Labrang on the top floor of the Lhasa Trulpay Tsuglakang. I also went to stay in a room above the Labrang. 
 	
 	On the day of the full moon of the first month, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the Supreme, performed the supplementary actions in the presence of the Jowo Shakyamuni Buddha, with Kyabje Yongzin Sharpa Chöje Lingtrul Rinpoche acting as Känlob Dragma (Combined Abbot and Preceptor), the present Ganden Tri Rinpoche Sera Jey Thubten Kunga acting as the Dü Gowa (the Time Instructor), myself acting as the Sangte Tönpay Lobpön (the Secret-Revealing Preceptor), the ex-Ganden Tripa Drepung Loseling Minyag Tashi Tongdü Rinpoche, the Jangtse Chöje, the Tsänzhabs and so forth. 
 	In the midst of an assembly of ten bikshus, His Holiness received the labdom (precepts and vows) of a bikshu that contains the basis for all trainings, purely and perfectly, without any faults in the ritual, cultivating the great deed that would enthrone him as the crown jewel of all who bear the vinaya. When I asked the Secret-Revealing Preceptor’s questions, it was incredibly daunting to ask the Great Dalai Lama, the Spiritual and Temporal Lord of the entire Tibet, ‘Are you not a Thirtika?Are you not a bandit or a thief? Have you not killed your father?’ and so on, but because that is the practice as it is intended in the Vinaya, I gathered up my courage and asked the questions. 
 	
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 	That day, in connection with an elaborate celebratory feast prepared by the government that reached all the way out to the edges of the great courtyard of the Trulpay Tsuglakang, because it was my turn to give explanation of the mandala offering, I offered an extensive explanation beginning with the great qualities of His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s body, speech, mind and activities, the manner in which the early and later streams of the Pratimoksha emerged in Tibet, the fact that the vinaya is the root of the Teachings and serves as both Teachings and Teacher, and so forth. From the next day forward I was asked to give mandala explanations for the successive traditional celebrations by the Lhade Mide ( general council of lay government and labrang officials, lay and ordained secretaries), Tashi Lhunpo Labrang and so on. 
 	
 	After the Ganachakra was over, Cham Lozang Päldrön requested me to give an initiation, in dedication of merit to the deceased Zhichab Pälwa, at the Lhasa Meru assembly hall, for about four hundred aspirants headed by many lamas and tulkus such as Kyabchog Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche, Dragyab Hotogtu Rinpoche, and Domo Geshe Chogtrul Rinpoche. I offered Vajrayogini Sindhura Mandala Four Initiation Blessing and experiential instructions on the two stages on the basis of the combined commentarial texts of the Molten Sapphire Staircase 147 instructions, and the Shortcut To Attainment Of Kechara  instructions by Zhwalu Känchen. 

 	After that, requested by their abbot, teachers and officials coinciding with Dagpo Shädrub Ling Sangha’s going to show their gratitude to His Holiness the Dalai Lama, in the Ewam Assembly Hall in the upper floor of the Lhasa Templa, for all of the Sangha, I gave extensive commentary on Ganden Lhagyäma. 

 	On the fifteenth day of the fourth month, I gave Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongka’s Chogtrul Rinpoche novice monk’s vows and gave him the ordination name of Ngawang Lozang Trinlä Tänzin. 

 	The Chinese government representative Trangchin U sent his agent Bapa Puntsog Wangyäl several times with messages that, as it had been decided that a gathering called the Whole World’s People’s Assembly would be held in Bejing, China, representatives from central Tibet, Tsang and Kham were needed, and that I must go as a general representative of all Tibetan practitioners of Dharma. Because I would not give my assent, they petitioned His Holiness the Dalai Lama with great insistence so that he finally commanded me to accept. Unable to put off the difficult task, I was powerless to say no, and so, His Holiness the Dalai Lama with an entourage including Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, Karmapa Rinpoche, Mindröling Rinpoche the younger, the Kashag, Secretaries and so forth, left Lhasa on the tenth of the fifth month. I left together with them, accompanied by Lhabu, Päldän, Lozang Sherab, Lozang Yeshe, and Namdröl. 

 	At Yarlam Drogriwoche, His Holiness the Dalai Lama kindly visited the Victorious Land Of Great Ganden Mountain. At that time I made offerings before the supreme bases in my room, offered tea, hot rice soup, and made distributions to the Sangha in the great assembly hall, and also made an offering to the capital fund as His Holiness, as lord of the assembly, was invited to sit upon the lion throne of Manjusri Tsongkhapa. I made the physical offering as the mandala was explained. 

 	From Ganden up until we crossed the Kongpö Ba Pass the main members of the entourage rode in oxcarts while the rest rode horseback. Then, because the road for oxcarts was not completed up to Bowo Tramo, the entire entourage had to ride horseback through Kongpo Gyamda, Ngapö, the Dru Pass, Zhokha, Nyangtri, Demo, Lunang, Powo Tongyug and so forth. It was rocky rough country with dense forests where we sometimes couldn’t even see the sky through the tangled canopy of branches. We had to travel every day over many steep, narrow paths and streams, in addition to which, summer of that year had seen an extremely heavy, unheard-of amount of rain. 

 	We had to take most of the ascending and descending paths on foot and there was terrible risk of avalanches falling from above or slipping off the cliffs to the rocks many stories below. Going through the spray of fiercely rushing rapids on flimsy swaying wooden bridges and so forth, as Lord Marpa from Lhodrag said, 
 	
147 baidurya zhun mai them skas 
 	
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 	Never free of narrow paths and rivers, 
 	Never emerging from thick forests… 

 	All the dangers I saw on the way, 
 	
 	To remember even now, makes me tremble. 
 	
 	For about one month we traveled over mentally and physically exhausting, difficult paths, that seemed even more dangerous than those that Marpa had made famous in his lines above. 
 	
 	Then, in the place known as Powo Tramo we were met by Chinese trains, which we took from there. For some days the accommodations the Chinese provided was in yak hair tents of the worst quality and they served us food with the Chinese road workers. Practicing the conduct of secret mantra as described in the lines, ‘Viewing Brahmins, dogs, and untouchables as inseparably one, enjoy!’ I took food in one vessel with the Chinese workers, equalizing all in one taste. The horses, mules, and the rest of the lesser servants turned back and had an even more difficult time returning that we had experienced in Marlam. 
 	
 	We travelled through Tsawa Gang and Dragyab Kyiltang. Arriving at Chamdo Jampa Ling Monastery, I spent a day at Shantideva Labrang, where accommodations had been prepared for me, and was hosted very hospitably by Zhizang Rinpoche who had become my disciple in Lhasa. We then crossed the great Kamtog Drukha river and then through the Dege Tro Pass, that seemed to reach all the way to the sky, and traveled by way of Yihlung, Trehor Dhargye Monastery, Kartze Monastery, Tau Monastery and so on, to arrive at Dartsedo. 

 	At Dhargye Monastery, I met the great spiritual guide Jampa Kedrup Rinpoche who had started a school of dialectics and, by giving Lamrim teachings, had established the Sangha in subdued, conscientious conduct. At Beri Lingtog, I met Getag Tulku’s successive incarnation, previous patrons such as the Zhitse Gyapön family, and many of my disciples. They gave me a lot of provisions for the road but, since it was too much to carry, I could only take two bags of tsampa. 

 	Although Kartze Monastery had requested and prepared for me to come and stay, I was told that I must stay where the Chinese government had prepared. Because Gyapön Trangchin U forcefully insisted that we must stay at the Chinese office building, I could not refuse and had to stay there. Döndrub Namgyäl, father and son, of the Zhitse Gyapön family, and the teacher Gyapön Chötze Ngawang Dorje came there extending our previous friendship. 

 	Several of the governing council of the local monastery of Chatreng including Lakag Tulku came to Kartze especially to see me but the Chinese guards stopped them and would not let them through for a month. When I was leaving I went to where they were staying and met with them for about an hour. 

 	From Dartsedo my attendants Tsongpön Lozang Yeshe and Namdröl went temporarily back to Chatreng by way of Lithang. I took my attendant Lhabu, Päldän and Lozang Sherab with me to China. We crossed the great Arlasen pass and arrived in the Chinese region known as Ya-ngän. 

 	From Powo Tramo up until arriving here, because we had been riding in cars all-day-long every day, I had had headaches, felt nauseous, and so had not been able to eat or drink much of anything. Since our arriving there coincided with Muli Kyabgön Tulku and the Muli King’s ministers and attendants being there, they came to meet me. 
 	
 	Then we arrived in Drintu and from Drintu, together with His Holiness the Dalai Lama and a small entourage, Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, myself, and Lhabu went by plane to Shii-ngän. 

 	At Shii-ngän Omniscient Panchen Rinpoche had come by the northern route from Tsang, the spiritual father and son met together. With His Holiness I visited a display of the previous temple in Lhasa of the precious Buddha statue, the Jowo Rinpoche, with the throne for the Buddha empty. 
 	
 	Then, by train, we arrived in Beijing. His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, and I stayed at Yikajao where accommodations had been prepared for us. It was time for the meeting so there was no leisure for us to rest. There were preparatory meetings for two days and then the main meeting began. It went on for about a month. We had to go morning and night, 

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and the fact that I did not understand Chinese or anything about politics, and so on, made it quite tiring. I also had to accompany the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama when they were invited on sightseeing tours, in short, from around six in the morning until ten or eleven at night, except for mealtimes, we were always on the move and it was very exhausting. 
 	
 	One lucky thing at that time was that my great spiritual guide Lubum Ngarampa Sherab Gyatso had come to the meeting. He, of supremely great kindness whose knowledge of the ten fields of knowledge was like that of youthful Manjusri, and I had few opportunities coming and going from the meeting to spend relaxed time with him. Because it had been so many years since we had met, both Gen Rinpoche and I felt a union of joy and sorrow, as if we were meeting someone who was back from the dead. We discussed the events that had transpired over the many years, and I had a chance to receive advice from him, to ask for some clarifications, and to make a gift of two thousand Dayangs to him. 
 	
 	At one point the Chinese told me that I must give a radio address to be broadcast in Lhasa of propaganda about progress in the country, how the people were free and happy, and how the Chinese had genuine altruism for the Tibetan people, etc. Accordingly, I made some notes of my thoughts at the time and showed them to the Chinese as they insisted, but I was forced to give the address with certain additions and deletions that they demanded. Lay and ordained people in Lhasa, not knowing that I was speaking under pressure from the Chinese, thought that I was flattering the Chinese and saving face for them. My speech became known as one of the ‘best of the worst speeches to make white snow-mountains appear as green!’ Unless someone knew the actual situation through clairvoyance, how could they be blamed for thinking that! As for what happened at the meeting, the restriction of the peoples’ freedom, the earlier and later meetings with Mao Tsetung and so forth, it is clearly described in His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s book ‘My Land and My People’ and I have nothing worthy of adding to his account. 
 	
 	Being in China and eating the food there seemed to greatly improve my diminished health when I first arrived and was so exhausted. Together with His Holiness we went to many of the main cities in China such as Tanchin, Nanchin, Hangtru, Shanghai, and so forth where there were many factories to visit, and I could not get any chance to rest. When we arrived in Shanghai, some of the monasteries of southern and eastern Tibet petitioned His Holiness to visit them on the way back and he accepted but the Chinese stopped him from returning through the south citing reasons such as the lack of motorable roads there. Therefore, as his representative to the Nyagrong and the other monasteries it was decided that Tsurpu Karmapa Rinpoche, Mindroling Trichen Rinpoche and myself should each put together a delegation with representatives of our own lineages. My guide was Känchung Ngözhipa Thubten Samchog, doctor was Lodän Chödrag, and as a general representative of the monastic seats, I brought Zemey Tulku. For each of the inviting monasteries that were confirmed I had pictures, letters, and special gifts to present. 
 	
 	Accordingly, with my attendants Lhabu, Päldän, and Lozang Sherab, I excused myself and left Shanghai in advance on the journey from China back to Tibet. When I went that day to make prostration before His Holiness the Dalai Lama before my departure, since I was going, for the time being, be in country very far from His Holiness, I saw a particularly poignant expression in His Holiness’s face and I also felt sad to now be separating from His Holiness’s company after having accompanied him on the trip for such an extended period. But I also felt the conflicting emotion of joy to be going out of China for a while. 
 	
 	His Holiness went by way of Tso-ngön Zhingchen, Tashi Kyil, Kumbum, and so forth to Drintu, Dardo, and so on, to Chamdo while I went through the Litang, Chatreng, and Batang, etc. to Chamdo. Then we went to Beijing and for several days I stayed at the so-called Talay Affairs Office. Omniscient Panchen Rinpoche was staying in Beijing and I, Karmapa Rinpoche and Chung Rinpoche went together to see him and pay our respects. 
 	
 	At that time a Chinese man named Yangtakon was in Beijing, a Dharma practitioner who had received Kalachakra initiation from the Panchen Lama’s previous incarnation and the Mitrayogi and Vajramala initiations from Ngagchen Rinpoche and so son. At his request, for ten Chinese male and female Vajrayogini practitioners, I secretly gave Vajrayogini Sindhura Blessing 

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with the important points for visualization during the initiation translated into Chinese. At the conclusion of the initiation as we were offering Ganachakra, even though the Chinese did not know Tibetan, by reading Chinese phonetics they chanted in Tibetan with chant melodies Lama Dorjechang Pabongka’s Vajrayogini ritual with Ganachakra and prayers along with me. Two Chinese ladies offered up the Ganachakra substances and they recited the offering verse directly from memory. Yangtakon offered a small heap of flowers and incense saying that before, when he had been wealthy, he had sponsored initiations such as Mitra Gyatsa from Tashi Lhunpo Ngagchen Rinpoche with large offerings but that, these days, he had little wealth and could not make extensive offerings. 
 	
 	From Beijing, Karmapa Rinpoche, ourselves and the others left together and from the city of Hangok, took a boat on the Drichu River for four or five days as far as Drungching. Then from Drungching to Drintu and Ya-ngän by train we eventually arrived in Dartsedo, back in the land of Tibet. At Ya-ngän and Dartsedo I was greeted by representatives from Chatreng Monastery and my attendants, Lozang Yeshe and Namdröl. 
 	
 	At Dartsedo Ngamchö Monastery I made a quick Dharma connection with a long-life initiation and instructions on the Foundation Of All Realizations. 
 	
 	When I was fifty-five in the year of the wood sheep, I celebrated New Year’s at Dartsedo in the Tibetan custom and, as requested by Trehor Gyapön Budön-nam and Chötze Ngawang Dorje, for about a hundred lay and ordained residents of Dartsedo, I conferred Intitiation Of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms. 
 	
 	After that, when we arrived in the Minyag region, we separated with Karmapa Rinpoche and his entourage going towards Dege, and Mindröling and Chung Rinpoche going towards Nyagrong, while my entourage and I left for the Batang and Litang areas. From there to Chamdo, because there was no motorable road, we could only travel by horse and mule. 
 	
 	At the Minyag Kyileg Monastery, as our previous throne holder had been there and stayed for a month giving teachings and so on, at the invitation of the monastery officials I went there briefly and made a distribution to the assembly and offered a Dharma connection. 
 	
 	From Minyag Rangaka, on the Chatreng horses and mules, I and my entourage with Zemey Tulku, Zhungzhab Neshän Känchung, and the doctor, who I had been traveling with up to that point, in addition to which we had two squads of Chinese officers and soldiers who, saying they were there to help us and protect us, had been sent along as agents to spy on us. We had to bring them with us even though we did not want to. 
 	
 	Having crossed the Ngagchu River, in the beautiful land of Litang our way took us past the estate of the Otog Sumpa governor and several monasteries until we came to a place to sit down at a big field at the border of Litang. Ganden Shartse Zong Rinpoche who had become a great lord of the teachings of sutra and tantra had some years before come to Chatreng as my lama representative and since he was still living there he and Laka Tulku came to receive me along with quite a large number of horsemen. 

 	Two days later, traveling together with the escort from Chatreng, as we were approaching the mountain near the great monastery of Litang we briefly visited a reception tent that had been pitched there by the monastery council where there were many lamas and officials dressed in elaborate attire to receive us. When we arrived together with them at the Litang great monastery of Tubchen Chökor Ling the Sangha was lined up to greet us. I stayed on the upper floor of Zhiwa Kangtsän. Staying there several days, I made distributions on behalf of His Holiness the Dalai Lama for about three thousand monks, offered them each pictures of His Holiness as a support for their faith and also made our own distributions. 
 	
 	At the Thubchen Temple we made extensive offerings, etc. Requested by the governing council of the monastery, for the Sangha and many other lay and ordained people seated on the stone floor of the main assembly hall I gave great initiation of Pälmo system Great Compassionate One and transmission of Foundation Of All Realizations. 
 	
 	101

 	Invited by the kangtsäns such as Chatreng and the community of the town of Litang to come to the birthplace of the Great Seventh Dalai Lama, I went there and made Dharma connections and performed consecrations as wished. 
 	
 	On the fifteenth of the first month a prayer festival ‘fifteenth day offering’ was well constructed and offered and I made the Samantabhadra Offering Prayer in the breaks. 

 	From Litang we crossed the Drag Kar (White Rock) pass, by way of Tsosum, and visited several monasteries such as Ja Jamo Monastery making Dharma connections and consecrations in accordance with their wishes. Representatives came to receive me from Dabyang Teng Monastery and I went there and offered distributions from the government and myself. Requested by the governing council, for the local monasteries and general lay and ordained people, made a quick Dharma connection, giving jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms and transmission of The Foundation Of All Realizations. Zemey Rinpoche’s mother, father, and siblings, whom he had not seen for many years, were there among the Sangha as well, and it was a great joy for them to see each other again. I also met a few elders who had been patrons when I visited Kham before, such as the aristocrat of the retinue, Säl-lha Dechen Chötzin. 

 	Our way also took us by the monasteries such as Pangpug Monastery and Drugshö Monastery, practice sites of Lord Karmapa Düsum Kyenpa, where we were greeted and visited briefly. Some of the abbots of Pangpug Monastery were there and I questioned them as to what Dharma lineages they maintained and whether there had been instituted the rituals of practice offering of the five sets of meditational yidams of Je Karmapa Düsum Kyenpa. It seemed as if they did not know that the five sets even existed so I spoke to them about the need to uphold one’s own teachings and not let the monastic seat of Je Düsum Kyenpa fail to live up to its name, but I don’t know if they heard me or not. 

 	Then we crossed the Pälde Pass arriving in upper Chatreng at the Tangteng Pag-ge estate in Chagong, where we spent two days at the household of Loyé the businessman, at his request. It was a joy to make Dharma connections with a large number of the local people. There was a medium there whose name in the local dialect was ‘ Moma’, who was the oracle for a local deity of Chagong, Gongtsän Karma Tsering. The deity was invoked and expressed great gratitude at my having come there and approval of the great joy it had brought to the people. Whether or not all the people and deities of Chagong had accepted me or believed in me when I was first recognized as a tulku and came to Chatreng to stay, now, all of the people and deities came respecting and praising me now, at this time. I had come like a mule disguised as a leapord, that is, bearing the title of tutor to the Dalai Lama, looking as if I were self-sufficient in what is actually the childish games of this life, while not having attained true confidence of self-sufficiency on the great path to future lives. I found these actions of gods, ghosts, and humans to be of one nature altogether very funny. As it is said, 

 	When happy, the birds of the sky will circle. 
 	When sad, your own darling child runs away. 
 	
 	While I was at the Tangteng Pag-ge estate my good friend Drodru Geshe Tänzin Trinle, who was well learned from the class after mine at the monastery, came to receive me. Then, traveling through the lands and villages of Pälge, Sölwa and so forth, representatives of the dratsangs came to greet me, I visited them briefly, and then we arrived at Chatreng Sampel Ling Monastery. The Sangha there lined up to receive me with elaborate ceremony and as soon as I arrived a welcoming feast was held in the assembly hall. I was given the three bases and khatak by Zong Rinpoche, Laka Tulku, and the abbots and officials, and Yarlam Gang Chagleg Geshe and Butsa Nag-ga Geshe rose in the assembly to make the offering of pastry and conversation in the elaborate undeclined tradition of central Tibet.
 
 	That day the Ganden Lhagyema applique tangka that I had brought all the way from Lhasa was unveiled during the enthronement ceremony of the outer torma-throwing ritual, as well as an appliqué tangka of Dharmaraja, and I tossed flowers for the consecration. 
 	
 	102
 	
 	One day I went to the newly constructed Amitayus Temple and the Je Tsongkhapa Temple where I performed ablution, consecration, and so forth. At the Je Tsongkhapa Temple I saw the newly founded dialectic school with about thirty students. They were debating on Collected Topics and, considering how new they were, it was quite good. I even saw one day the Gyalchen Dorje Shugden Kangso group that Lakag Rinpoche had established perform Dorje Shugden torma-averting ritual with cham–dance. 

 	On another day the lay and ordained practitioners of the four main areas of Chatreng gathered at the residence’s main assembly hall and confessed with sincere regret whatever mistakes and transgressions of guru-disciple samaya they had committed because of unknowing ignorance and obscuration, bias and delusions, since the time I was recognized as a tulku and stayed in Chatreng, onwards. They asked that if they would henceforth act properly, would I please forgive them as a mother who has even more compassion for her children that are crazed by demons and, with great emphasis, they asked me to take care of all of the people of the monastery and region in all future lives. 

 	I replied that whatever wrongdoing, deceitful thought or deed, had been directly or indirectly committed against me, most of the main people involved were now deceased and the few that remained had already come over. Furthermore, I said, if anyone, out of loyalty to me, would not accept the sincere apologies of another’s confession, it transgresses their precept of bodhicitta of not accepting another’s apology; so that now henceforth we could all have pure samaya, without degeneration, like the nature of the sun free of clouds, and that no one need worry about it anymore. 

 	I gave extensive advice for all people of the land and monastery to act with unified samaya, the monks to increase their Dharma activities without decline, the communities to act in the good customs of decency and honor, and so on. Each of the villages insistently invited me but, since I had to be able to join His Holiness the Dalai Lama at Chamdo, I did not have a long time to remain and had to forsake visiting them individually. Having met and talked with those from Treng side gathered at Chagra Gang, those on Rag side gathered at Ragmä, those of Dongsum gathered at the Five Family Temple and so forth, I left the monastery and spent one day at the Chagra Temple where I made a Dharma connection giving a long-life initiation for the public of Treng region and made offerings and performed consecrations for statues including that of Karmapa Tongwa Dönden. 

 	After meeting and making Dharma connection with the Dongsum northerners at the estate of Gongsum Zhangmä, I spent a day at the Dongsum Rig-Nga Lhakang–Five Family Temple and made Dharma connection with the lay and ordained people of upper and lower Ragpo. Then, returning from lower Ragpo, the way took us by the estate of Pälri Yangdar where Gyältang Abo Tulku Rinpoche came especially to see me. He had received many teachings from Kyabchog Dorjechang and myself before returning to his own home region and giving extensive teachings there, primarily teachings of Lamrim. We also celebrated the tenth day Ganachakra together. 

 	When I was staying at Chatreng, many old friends came from long distances to see me: Kuzhab Sherab Rinpoche from Gangkar Ling, Geshe Tenzin Chöpel from Mili with whom I was very well acquainted, having previously had the same teacher at the monastery, Gyälkangtse Tulku and his attendant disciple from Chang-go Geshe Gyältsän, Lawa Geshe Kunawa from Kongrag who was tutor of Chamdo Shiwalha–Shantideva, and so forth. Even Mili Kyabgön Chogtrul Rinpoche sent special escorts who came with their elaborate saddles, bridles and so forth. 

 	Before long, with a large number of horse-mounted escort, we crossed the Magpag Pass and spent a night at Shogdrug Ratag Monastery where I gave a jenang of Avalokitesvara to the lay and ordained people of the monastery and region and consecrated the new Je Tsongkhapa Temple they had built. 

 	Passing through Tongjung Nang, Tagshö and so forth, we set up camp at a place called Datag Pagtang in Kabur Gangkyi Rawa, a sacred site of Chakrasamvara. The next day, invited by Nägo Dratsang, I went to the site and made distributions at the monastery and gave a Four-Armed Avalokitesvara jenang to a large group of lay and ordained people in the assembly hall. 
 	
 	103
 	
 	Even though it was not possible to go to the larger parts such as the Purkawa, I was allowed to see and make offerings to Känchung Samchog, Päldänchän Pawang Karleg, and at the Kambur Rock, etc. Nägo Dratsang gave me the representation of faith of an antique tangka. They also offered money, which I offered back, as we made the tenth day Chakrasamvara offerings. One day at Tagpag Tang, requested by Gyältang Abo Rinpoche, I gave Rinpoche himself, Kuzhab Zemey Rinpoche, and Yangteng Kyenrab Tulku great initiation of Heruka Body Mandala, combining the preparatory day and actual day of initiation into one day. 
 	
 	With the Rupa escort at Gämo Rutog and so on we were successively received by many of the main local monasteries such as the abbots, lamas and tulkus of the Ba Laka Retreat community. 

 	Then we were received by the monks of the Ba Chöde–Dharma Community, Lhundrub Rabten, and spent the night there. At Chöde Monastery we offered His Holiness’s letter, pictures as support for faith, his special distributions, and our own distributions to the assembly. Requested by the monastery and people of the region, on a large field in front of the new Shakyamuni Buddha Temple I gave great initiation of the Great Compassionate One to the lamas, tulkus, and monks. 

 	Invited by Bapa Gyashog Kangtsän, I went there and, after making Dharma connections and performing consecrations, by way of Chisung Gang we crossed the great Drichu river on a raft made of wooden beams. I was met there by an escort of many horsemen including Amdrug, the manager of Gangkar Lama’s estate. 

 	We passed through Kadrong where our previous trading party’s horses and mules of the Chatreng Pälbar and Dampa estates and ourselves had been seized, and then crossed the Kantseg Pass and, by way of upper Bumpa we arrived at the Bum Nya-mgo Monastery. Staying there for three days, the Labrang provided abundant feasts from the people. I made Dharma connections giving jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms to a large group of many of the lay and ordained people of the local monasteries and performed the Raining Hundreds Of Blessings Of Jnana Vajra148 consecration ritual for the reliquary stupa of Gangkar Lama Rinpoche. 

 	The previous treasure basin of iron-vajra pills of immortality would, up until the time of the lama passing, issue forth rilbu–pills inexhaustibly. After he passed on, the pills had gradually become exhausted and the basin, empty. They said that, until the previous lama’s intentions for the welfare of others had been accomplished, the basin would issue forth new pills and had never been opened. 

 	When I took it in my hand and shook it, it seemed to have many pills inside and the attendants urged me to open it. But the nature of a treasure basin is like an egg, all of one piece without top or bottom that can be identified, so they should never be opened rashly out of mere curiosity. 
 	
 	Then we saw the blessed stone statue of Vairochana known as the Gyazay Chagzor in Marcham Lhadun and traveled on by way of Gushö and Pangda. Invited by the monasteries such as Markham Gartog Özer Monastery, Rimbur Monastery, and Kyungbum Lura Monastery, I went to each in turn, making distributions and Dharma connections, giving various initiations and transmissions, fulfilling their individual wishes. 
 	
 	At the request of Lura’s monastery’s Drakpa Tulku and governing council, I stayed there three days and saw a few traditional dance rituals149 which seemed to be performed in much the same way as the cham of Tängyäling. 

 	Then the way eventually took us to the border just before Dragyab where the dratsang had sent a chamberlain who had arranged our sleeping quarters. And, as especially invited by the retreatants of Sakar Ritrö, although the path was very winding and slow, since it was for Dharma companions with whom I had corresponded by letter since the time that the holy Lama Ah-Rab Rinpoche had been alive, we went, ignoring the difficulty, and I gave the renuounced retreatants transmission of the Foundation Of All Realizations. There was a newly established dialectic school where the students’ debate was decidedly good. 

 	Then, the day we arrived at Dragyab Bu Monastery we were grandly received by the labrang, monastery and monks in long rows. I stayed four or five days above the assembly hall 

148 ye shes rdo rjei’ byin brgya ‘bebs pai’ lhag gnas 
149 The ritual dances were the Lhasa Tängyäling Demo Gu Cham–dance ritual, the same traditional dance of the Seven Blazing Wild Tsen Brothers, and then the Hundred-fold Blazing Cham of Pawo Trobar. 
 	
 	104
 	
where accommodations had been arranged for me in Dragyab Hotogtu Rinpoche’s residence. I gave the Sangha in the main assembly hall great initiation of Thirteen-Deity Yamantaka and the local people the jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms. 

 	One day I went to the renowned Jamdun (Maitreya) Temple and made extensive offerings and performed consecration with chanting. The principal sacred object of the temple is a very amazing naturally risen stone statue of Maitreya and his entourage that rises out of the earth. 

 	While staying at the Bu Monastery, there was a retreatant named Geshe Bu Chögyäl, who had been in my same class at the monastery, who came especially out of retreat to see me. At first he remained very humble and would not speak much, but after I had conversed with him at length in an uncontrived manner as we used to when we were Dharma brothers for many years, he also began to speak freely, telling stories of previous times, and so forth. I gave him and some other aspirants a synopsis of the essential points of Ganden Lhagyema, without extensive elaboration. 

 	When I was staying there, because of the season, there did not seem to be anything like vegetables available, and throughout the day the labrang sent me a big tray filled with different variations of the same meat dishes; so I acted like the king of the rakshas! 

 	Leaving Dragyab, when we arrived at the border of Chamdo, a large greeting party including the Chamdo Chitzö Zhiwalha Rinpoche and Pagchen Rinpoche’s older brother Känchung Sönam Gyältsän came and we spent a day there where accommodations had been prepared. When we neared Chamdo Chökor Ling the next day, a grand welcome tent had been prepared and, after staying there a little while, we proceeded onward with a large horse-mounted escort including the chief figures of the Chamdo area and monastery. 

 	Where we exited the Tzachu River bridge, there was an extremely large greeting assembly, including Chinese political and military leaders and people, students, a large number of the Tibetan soldiers that had been captured by the Chinese when Chamdo was lost, attendants who had come from Lhasa to escort the Dalai Lama, representatives of the three monastic seats, representatives of the public and so forth. When we arrived at the monastery I stayed very comfortably at Shantideva Labrang. 

 	The motorable road in the Dardo area had been damaged by an earthquake which slightly delayed His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s arrival, so in the intervening time, at the insistent request of the governing council and Shiwalha Rinpoche, in the main assembly hall, for over a thousand aspirants including the Sangha from Chamdo, and others who had come from all directions to see and greet His Holiness, I gave fourteen days of explanatory commentary on Lamrim Delam ( The Blissful Path). 

 	One day, especially invited by the dialectic school, I went to the debate courtyard and gave the monks one session of commentary starting from the beginning of Lamrim Chenmo. After that, all of the students went to their individual classes to begin their debates. Through the kindness of the very learned great spiritual master of all the mandalas, Jampa Taye Rinpoche, it was excellent, just like debate at Sera Jey Dratsang. 

 	Then, when His Holiness the Dalai Lama arrived in Chamdo I went to the far end of the Tzachu River bridge to welcome him. When I saw the billion-fold illumination of virtue and goodness of his golden face, so meaningful to see, he smiled with limitless joy and invited me to his residence. I immediately went into his presence and he spoke freely about China and the other areas he had visited in the meantime, his travel in Domä, and how Mao Tsetung had clearly revealed in conversation the harmful philosophy of his innermost intentions, and so on, bestowing many secret accounts of what had happened for me to take to heart. I also gave His Holiness an account of what had occurred on our journey through Kham. Having this informal opportunity to meet with His Holiness was like the blossoming of hundreds of petals of good fortune of the lotus of the mind being fully watered by the rain of devotion. 

 	During the time of our stay in Chamdo, Zhiwalha Rinpoche’s labrang hosted my entourage and I very hospitably. For Rinpoche alone, as he wished, I gave jenangs of the seventeen aspects of Mahakala except for the Secret Accomplishment jenang and the Dramze-Nagpo Ngag-Tä (Black Brahmin Mantra Entrustment) jenang. As I left he gave me many parting gifts such as a fine quality silver victory-vase, action vase, and an inner offering kapala with a gold-plated supporting base. 

 	I left Chamdo with His Holiness. In Kyiltang in Dragyab we met Dragyab Chitzö Kargo Tulku and others. Proceeding on through Tsawa Pangda and over the great bridge of the Ngulchu River in Gyamo we arrived at Powo Tramo. 

 	Then, the day we left, early in the morning, there was a torrential downpour and the road was blocked by falling rock so it took a long time. By clearing the fallen rocks to each side we just managed to get through, but about sunset we reached a steep canyon with fierce rapids running through it with the high torrents event covering some of one side of the bridge. It was so dangerous for a vehicles that we could not risk it so with His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, and my small entourage, we went across on foot. Once we had reached the other side, the empty jeeps came one at a time across the bridge. After a couple had made it across, the bridge broke with a cracking sound and fell with a jeep on it, but no one was hurt. Most of the attendants and things were left behind on the opposite bank while those of us who had already crossed packed into the few vehicles and traveled through the night on the frightening road of rivers and steep rocky cliffs until about midnight when we arrived at Kongpo Lunang. There, goverenment escorts had arrived from Lhasa, and Lozang Sherab and I spent the night in the cloth tent of some of the attendants such as the Rimzhi Mäntöpa, without bedding or anything, and I remained awake all night wondering what had happened to the friends that had been left behind. That night Chinese road workers tied two wooden beams together and made a temporary foot-bridge so that several of His Holiness’s attendants and, with them Päldän, who could not bear the thought that I had gone on ahead without him, risked the crossing and came on by car to rejoin us early the next day. Those still left behind including Lhabu and Lozang Yeshe were not able to catch up until I had reached Mäldro Dagpa Monastery. 

 	Then the road took us through Demo, Nyangtri, and Gyamda in Kongpo and we eventually crossed the Ba Pass and came to Dagpa Monastery in Mäldro where Tse Namgyäl Dratsang’s Pände Legshä Lingpa had prepared accommodations for His Holiness’s stay. Escorts from the Mäldro Jara-Do settlement arrived there and, along with them, Lhagchung-chän, from my quarters in Lhasa. 

 	The governing council of the victorious great mountain of Ganden Monastery had pitched a huge welcome tent, like the spread-out wings of a parrot, in the grassy meadows at the base of Ganden. They served my entourage and I lunch and, after receiving the abbots, lamas, tulkus and officials, we arrived at the temple at birthplace, Tsäl Gungtang. There was a large crowd to greet me including all levels of lay and ordained attendants of His Holiness, abbots, lamas, tulkus and others from the three monastic seats. At the temple the government had prepared huge welcoming pastries and at the upper windowed residence, Gungtang Labrang offered their own pastries. Then, while we waited three days for the auspicious date to go to Lhasa, I also remained there. 
 	
 	On the thirteenth day of the fifth month we left Gungtan for the Norbulingka Kälzang Palace in the elaborate traditional procession, with palanquins and so on. From the time we left Gungtang up to arriving at the Norbulingka there was heavy rain so the canopy was drawn up over the palanquin and all of the bearers were wearing the ceremonial hats and clothes with red rain hoods over their heads. The thought occurred to me, and many others, that the procession having to proceed under such circumstances was not an auspicious sign. 

 	After having reached the Norbulingka and completed the ceremonies, I returned to my room in Lhasa. For days following, many people of all ranks of society with whom I had spiritual and material connections including patrons and disciples, gathered like clouds, choosing of their own accord, to come see and venerate me. 

 	That year the Chinese urged me to head the Lhasa middle school. I said that I had no idea how a modern school is run, so they asked the Dalai Lama to insist, and I had to take the position. 

 	Each week I went to check on the school and acted like I was giving suggestions and advice to the students. 
 	
 	106
 	
 	In the autumn, as requested by Chamdo Pagchen Hotogtu Rinpoche, at the Zhide assembly hall for over 1300 Sangha, lamas, tulkus and geshes of the three monastic seats, including Rinpoche himself, Dragyab Hotogtu Rinpoche, and Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche, I offered the complete jenangs for the Rinjung Gyatsa sadhanas. I also offered public distributions and made contributions at the three monastic seats and two Tantric Colleges, to celebrate my return from China. I faithfully offered eight large banners of Varanasi silk to drape on the eight tall pillars of Ganden Shartse Dratsang, and four large banners of Japanese silk and three victory banners with incense sachets for Dokang Kangtsän. 

 	When I was fifty-six in the year of the fire monkey, my mother, Tsering Drolma, at the age of 82, after suffering from age related sickness for several days, passed away on the twelfth day of the first month of the year. I went to see her again and again before she died and also as she was dying, and performed virtuous visualizations, recited names of Tathagatas, and recited profound mantras and dharanis in her ear. Then I performed profound powa. Even though my holy mother did not know many types of practice, she was very altruistic, always recited the Six-Syllable Mantra, made prostrations inside and outside the Lhasa Cathedral and circumambulations on the Lingkor, putting great effort into virtuous practice with body, speech, and mind, and her death was very peaceful, like the oil in a lamp running out, without the slightest pain or fear, like she was falling asleep very comfortably. 

 	At that time the Lhasa Prayer Festival was in progress, so, on her behalf, I made public distribution on the full moon there and at the various monasteries and made offerings to elders of temples such as at the Jokang, Samye, and Tradrug.150 

 	The Chinese General Drinyi came from China for the purpose of instituting what he called a ‘Tibetan Autonomous Region Association’ naming fifty-one members from the government, Tashi Lhunpo Labrang and the Chamdo region. Without choice, I had to go as one of the representatives, and just as unwillingly, had to accept the title of chairman of the association of that name. But when the meeting was actually called, apart from sitting in the position of chairman, no matter what suggestions I made about anything, none other than the Chinese, such as Cheu Kotrang’s ideas were followed, and no one else was given the floor. It was like when I had to pretend to be chairman of the school, and similarly, was not given any real corresponding authority. As for my having to, without choice, both early and later on, carry these meaningless titles that were so distasteful to the Tibetan public, it is as Manjusri Sakya Pandita has said, 

        If the monkey didn’t dance, 
 	Why would it have a rope tied around its neck? 
 	
 	And, 

       Because the parrot speaks, he’s put in a cage,
       While the mute birds fly happily away! 
 	
 	Likewise, it was because of me giving into the eight worldly concerns, fooling the faithful with mere talk of Dharma that I did not practice and that this fate befell me. 
 	
 	In the fourth Tibetan month when the meeting actually began, His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the Omniscient Panchen Lama had to attend, and a large number of various peoples came from China, Amdo, Inner Mongolia, and Kham. The meeting began with a lot of fanfare and then the wandering confused discussion dragged on for many days, 
 	
 	In the sixth month, as requested by Rong Dekyi Ling’s son Bikshu Gedun Chöyang, for almost a thousand aspirants gathered at the Zhide assembly hall including lamas, tulkus and geshes, I gave Chittamani Tara Initiation from the close lineage of Tagpu Dorjechang’s visions, and then gave a few days of experiential commentary on her tantra’s two stages. 
 	
150 chhos ‘kor rnam gsum, literally the ‘three Dharma Wheels’, in this instance referring to the three oldest temples in Tibet. 
 	
 	107

 	After that, as requested by Dragyab Hotogtu Rinpoche, I offered great initiation of Kyergang system Secret Hayagriva with the day of preliminaries for an assembly of over a thousand at Zhide Dratsang. Continuing on after that, I gave jenangs for the Yidam Deities of the Zurkang Gyatsa sadhanas, the Eighty Mahasiddhas, and the Yidam Deities of the Dalai Lama Gendun Gyatso’s practice, the long lineage Draminyen Amitayus long life initiation, as well as the Guyhasamaja, Chakrasamvara, and Yamantaka mantra gathering jenangs. 
 	
 	In the eighth month, invited by Ratreng Labrang, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, with a small entourage including Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I went to Ratreng Gepel Ling by way Tölung and then by the northern route through Damzhung and so on. In the temple, with His Holiness presiding, with the Tsänzhabs, we performed extensive consecration for three days. We viewed the holy objects such as, the principal statue, the Jowo Manjusrivajra, the reliquary stupa of Lord Atisha, his belongings and robes, his scriptures and sealed texts, Dromtönpa’s Eight Thousand Verse Prajnaparamita Sutra, the Uyönma151  statue of Lord Atisha, and Guru Dharmarakshita’s tangka of his Yidam Deity, Yamantaka. 
 	
 	I stayed in the residence where I had lived when I took my novice vows. Among the many texts kept there I saw the great commentary on Abhisamuccaya (Compendium Of Knowledge) that great Lord Tsongkhapa had requested Jetsun Rendawa to write, plus another volume of various miscellaneous writings of Rendawa and two more handwritten volumes. The Abhisamuccaya commentary was so huge it had tipped over and fallen of the bed. There is not as much included in the present day collection of Je Tsongkhapa’s works. There were a number of texts recording discussion between the two on sutra and tantra in general and, in particular, some questions and answers regarding the view that I did not have enough time to read. I considered borrowing them but left them in the distraction and haste of departure, which I regretted later, but that was that. 
 	
 	We also went with His Holiness to where Je Tsongkhapa had written Lamrim Chenmo at Yang-gön Retreat where each of us recited different sections of Lamrim Chenmo together. 
 	
 	During the time of the problems related with Ratreng Rinpoche and Gyälzur Rinpoche, soldiers had peeled silver plating off the stupa, taken jewel ornaments off stupas and statues, and damaged them with bullets. They had destroyed a three-dimensional Guyhasamaja mandala by beating it with canes into a pile of pieces. When I saw the results of so many practically boundless harmful deeds, most degenerate of the degenerate, it pained me greatly to see this very special holy site, source of the Kadampa teachings, in such decline. 
 	
 	With Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche acting as abbot and me acting as Lälob (Activity Master) we accomplished Ratreng Chogtrul Rinpoche’s novice monk’s vows. 
 	
 	Our return trip coincided with the beginning of the late summer Dharma session for that keeper of the treasury of the great secret Tantras, glorious Gyume Tantric College, in the Tölung Pu Chumig region. Invited, His Holiness the Dalai Lama went there, made Dharma connections and so forth, and I went also and got to see one of the inner holy objects of the college, a blessed tangka that had been given by the great Lord Tsongkhapa to Je Sherab Senge. 
 	
 	After Tölung, we went as invited for Ganden Shartse’s consecrations. One day I offered explanatory instructions on Ganden Lhagyäma to the combined assemblies of Ganden Shartse and Ganden Jangtse Sangha members. 
 	
 	That year there was going to be a commemoration of the 2500-year anniversary of Buddha’s paranirvana at the Maha Bodhi Temple in India. In connection with this, His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the Omniscient Panchen Lama had accepted invitations to go, but because of various objections put up by the Chinese they asked the Dalai Lama not to go and for representatives to be sent instead. I was appointed with assistants of Tzasag Kemäpa, Sönam Wangdu, Känchung Ngözhipa Thubten Samchog and translator Sadu Rinpoche. 
 	
 	On the day I went to pay my parting homage, the Chinese representative Trangchin U said that he had received a telegram from China that it would be alright for His Holiness the Dalai Lama 

151 Dbu yon ma 
 	
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to go to the Dharma Assembly in India and it was suddenly confirmed that he would go. It was ordered that I must go as well. 

 	Not long after, His Holiness and an entourage that included Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, myself, Kalön Nangpö and so forth, left Lhasa together and traveled by way of Tölung Pu, Uyug, around central Tibet. We then gathered to meet the Omniscient Panchen Rinpoche at Tashi Lhunpo where we stayed for one day. The chief chamberlain insisted that Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I stay at his own residence Gyältse Päljor Lhunpo so after we had seen the Panchen Lama at Tashi Lhunpo we immediately went on ahead and at about eleven o’clock at night arrived at Päljor Lhunpo. Although I had been to Gyältse before, it was completely dark that night with no moonlight so we could not tell where we were. Neither Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, any of his party, nor the Chinese driver knew the way, so we had to guess and everyone, anxious that we might mistake the road or run off a precipice, experienced physical and mental difficulty, a bit of that First Noble Truth. 
 	
 	From Gyältse it took us one day to lower Domo and then the next day we accompanied His Holiness through the Natö Pass. Traveling with the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama, father and son, up to Latse we had quite a large escort of Chinese officers and soldiers. Then, accompanied by a respectful protective escort from the Indian government, going by way of Tsogo and so forth, we reached the hidden land of Sikkim and stayed at the Gangtog Palace. We left in the early dawn the next day for Shiliguri Airport and took a flight to Delhi, the capital. Arriving there in the evening, we were received by a very large contigent including the Vice-President of India, Minister Nehru, some representatives of foreign countries, representatives of the Dharma Society of the Mahbodhi Temple, and so forth. His Holiness and his entourage were brought to the hotel for foreign dignitaries called the Hasa Dhawadar House, which was where we stayed. Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I both had rooms close to His Holiness’s. 
 	
 	The morning of the next day the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama went to the site of Mahatma Gandhi’s cremation and I accompanied them. Then, for some days, I went with them for the activities at the Temple. The fearless kind lion of speakers, the supreme great spiritual guide Lubum Sherab Gyatso came from China as a representative to the Dharma gathering and was staying at the Ashoka Hotel in Delhi. I went to be in his presence and he bountifully granted the healing medicine of the delicious taste of his extremely delightful speech. 
 	
 	After the activities at the Temple were concluded, as the Indian government had prepared for us, we also went together to visit sacred sites such as Bodhgaya, Varanasi, Nalanda, Vaishali, Lumbini, Rajagriha, Sanchi, the Ajanta caves and Sri Danyakataka in the south with sightseeing tours of major factories and cities including Bombay, Mysore, Bangalore, and Calcutta. As we visited the holy sites of Buddha such as Nalanda, I thought about the deeds that the great compassionate founder Buddha, the six ornaments, two supreme ones, and so on had enacted at the respective sites. I felt faith remembering Buddha’s life, joy at arriving at the holy site of pilgrimage, and since now nothing was left but mere traces of their having been there, I felt the disillusionment that arises from remembering impermanence, so those three sentiments, of faith, joy, and renunciation, competed equally within me. Also, arriving at the many factories in China before, and now in India, when I saw the molten steel and copper running like rivers and being poured into molds, huge machines crushing and beating, and so on, every day dread of the suffering of hells would arise, naturally correcting my spoiled wild mind’s tendency to harden towards Dharma. Such genuine insights, different from the previous continual undercurrent of the three poisons152, reveal how heavy are the imprints of previous negative actions. 
 	
 	Then after staying in Kabug for some days for His Holiness the Dalai Lama to give teachings and so forth, we went to Gangtog. There we were met by Silön Dekarwa, Lukangpa, Tsewang Dorje, Katsab Yutogpa, Tashi Döndrub, Kändrung Ngawang Döndrub, and so on, who had come from Lhasa to escort us back, but told us that it would be better to stay in India for the moment in connection with a petition regarding the forceful policies of the Chinese. It took about 

152 The three poisons refer to ignorance (1) and the desire (2) and hatred (3) that arise due to our ignorance. 
 	
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half a month of discussion while it was undecided whether we would go or stay. During that time I stayed comfortably at Sadukoti in Kabug. The Omniscient Panchen Lama and his entourage went on ahead to Tsang. 

 	As soon as it was confirmed that His Holiness the Dala Lama would return, I came to Gangtog to accompany him. When we arrived at the top of the Natö Pass at the border and I saw the Chinese guard forces that would escort us, I felt a sadness and apprehension as if I was going back into prison. 
 	
 	Passing through Domo and Pagri, etc., we eventually reached Gyältse. The New Year, the year of the firebird, arrived during the several days His Holiness and the entourage spent in Gyältse. I stayed at Zhinä Dratsang in Gyältse and fulfilled the request of Zhinä Dratsang and Rika Dratsang for Dharma connections, giving instructions such as those on Ganden Lhagyäma and The Foundation Of All Realizations. 
 	
 	On the 29th day of the 12th month Zhinä Dratsang put on the Gutor Cham for His Holiness. It appeared quite magnificent with none of it done in a mere convenient or fake way. The government arranged a simple New Year’s ceremony and when the pastry was offered, Ganden Shartse Zemey Rinpoche and Ratö Kyongla Tulku performed the standing discussion. 
 	
 	After New Years had been celebrated, His Holiness the Dalai Lama went by way of Panam to the Zhika Samdrub Tse castle. I also stayed at the castle. In the great assembly hall of the castle the government’s Tsang region’s Thirteen Castle Lhade Mide council offered long-life puja for His Holiness the Dalai Lama and he gave teachings to the public. We went to the great Dharma community of Tashi Lhunpo and met with Omniscient Panchen Lama. We went to visit the temples, make offerings and consecrations. 
 	
 	After His Holiness gave teachings at Tashi Lhunpo’s great assembly hall and at the Dechen Palace I was fortunate to have the opportunity to accompany His Holiness on pilgrimage to Ewam Chöde, Päl Nartang, Zhvalu and Ritil, including Shvalu Gyängong Temple where Protector Manjusri Sakya Pandita took his ordination vows. 
 	
 	During the time His Holiness the Dalai Lama was staying at Tashi Lhunpo, I stayed where accommodations had been prepared for me by Tashi Labrang, in Yongzin Lhopa Tulku Rinpoche’s residence with the Pön family. 
 	
 	Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I went to see the Omniscient Panchen Lama who freely granted us his delightful conversation. In addition, I went to see Yongzin Ngulchu Rinpoche who had previously received from me transmission of Je Tsongkhapa and his disciples’ collected works. 
 	
 	Although His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the Omniscient Panchen Lama had never had anything but the most warm and harmonious relationship between them, when Omniscient Panchen Rinpoche first came from Domä to Lhasa hoping to have profound connection with pure samaya and unity between the general Ganden Podrang Government and Tashi Lhunpo Labrang, although I offered whatever harmless altruistic suggestions I could, at this time as well as on many other occasions, profound Dharma has profound maras, as the metaphor goes. First, because of a deceitful policy on the part of the Chinese, intending to divide the Tibetans, and secondly, because of the actions of some of the labrang and government attendants who were both possessed by demons entering their hearts to destroy the teachings, the relationship did not develop in a very good way. A prophecy of the future that had been made by Kardo Rigzin Chökyi Dorje said, 

        The yarn that knits Ü and Tsang together, 
 	Is shredded by insects eating away at it for years. 
 	The harmony is still disturbed and, with each weave, 
 	The weaver trying to keep them joined is getting tired! 
 	
 	It seemed that his prediction was coming true. 

 	From Zhitse by way of Tag Druka, His Holiness accepted invitations to monasteries including Ganden Chökor Monastery, Dechen Rabgyä Ling, Panchen Shaka Chogpa’s monastic seat of Thubten Serdogchän Monastery, and Yangchän Monastery in Tölung and I accompanied him until we reached the Lhasa Norbulingka Palace. 

 	In the fourth month, as requested by Drib Tsechogling Labrang, I gave profound commentary based on the root text of  Guru Puja, Yongzin Yeshe Gyältsän’s Great Commentary, and Panchen Chögyän’s root Mahamudra Commentary, creating merit through meaningful speech. 

 	I gave this commentary for an assembly of about eight hundred on the great stone patio of Tsechogling including Dragyab Rinpoche and Kyabje Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche and other lamas, tulkus and geshes of Sera and Drepung, and others who came from Lhasa, Invited to Tsurpu by the supreme spiritual guide of the Practice Lineage, Karmapa Rinpoche, His Holiness the Dalai Lama went to the Tölung Tsurpu Monastery. Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I both accompanied him and were hosted very kindly by the Tsurpu lamas. We saw the principal holy objects of veneration such as the Tzamling Gyän statue of Buddha Shakyamuni miraculously created by Karmapa Pakshi, and the Tashi Öbar reliquary stupa of Karmapa Düsum Kyenpa. 

 	On the tenth day of the fifth month we experienced spectacle of the festival known as the Tsurpu Yarcham–Summer Cham Dancing. The way the dances, such as the Eight Names Of Guru Rinpoche, were performed was very impressive and relaxed. Karmapa Rinpoche himself performed as the lord of the dance in the Heroes and Dakinis Cham. 
 	One day as large boxes of the Tsurpu lamas’ sacred bases were opened, we were fortunate to see the black hat with golden eyes and other blessed bases from the golden rosary of Kagyu lineage masters and many scholars and siddhas of India and Tibet as they were offered for His Holiness the Dalai Lama to view. 

 	When the Fifth Karmapa, Tathagata, went to China and conducted services for the passing of the emperor, in the year of the fire boar, every day from the fifth to the nineteenth of the third month, there were rainbows and clouds in the sky in shapes of elephants and lions with, in their midst, buddhas, bodhisattvas and divine offerings. On the last day a golden light emanated from the west pervading the land of China. Many such wonders recorded at that time by the master in drawings had been wrapped in large pieces of silk and catalogued with labels in Tibetan, Chinese, and Mongolian as mentioned in a Dharma History Garland Of Scriptures Of The Heroes which was shown to me. It appeared to be written in what was decidedly fine ancient Chinese script. The good signs that appeared at that time were wonderful sources of faith and conviction.
 
 	From Tsurpu His Holiness the Dalai Lama was invited by Pawo Rinpoche in the Marlam region to come to the monastery. We also went along and saw sacred objects such as the reliquary stupa of Togden Dragseng before returning to Lhasa. 

 	After the summer Dharma session was over at the Norbuligka, in the eighth month His Holiness went on pilgrimage to Yerpa. He stayed above the Yerpa Dratsang Ganden Secret-Mantra assembly hall where I stayed as well. I saw such things as Atisha’s plate with an image that Atisha painted on it. 

 	As the time coincided with that supreme assembly of holders of secret mantra, the glorious Gyutö Dratsang’s monks beginning the late summer Dharma session, we performed three days of extensive consecration ceremonies with Sri Guyhasamaja tantric ritual with His Holiness the Dalai Lama presiding, with the entire assembly of Gyutö Dratsang, calling down hundreds of blessings of the wisdom vajras into all beings and the environment. On the same trip we visited and made offerings before the great Maitreya statue built by Matön Chökyi Jungne at the Maitreya Temple. 

 	We also visited the statue of the Great Compassionate One built by Rigzin Kumara at the Songtsän Cave, a statue of Vairochana from the time of King Songtsän Gampo, the protector shrine of Päldän Lhamo, the cave where Lhhalung Pälgyi Dorje practiced, the ‘ Cave of Dependent Arising’ where Lord Atisha practiced, and the temple of Prince Gungri Gungtsän. We offered Ganachakra in the Dawa Pug (Moon Cave) of that ‘Second Buddha of Ogyän’–Padmasambhava. 

 	At the request of the Sanghas of Gyutö Dratsang and Yerpa Dratsang, for the Dromtön Trulpay Dögar–Drama, His Holiness the Dalai Lama gave transmission of Atisha’s Lamp On The Path To Enlightenment to a large host at the Nyingpo Gul in Yerpa. I had the joyful good fortune to 

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be together with him, assisting, as he brought great benefit and happiness to the teachings and living beings at that supreme site where had blazed the lamp of the Kadam Teachings, ‘ Endowed With The Seven Deities and Dharmas.’ 
 	
 	After completing his activities at Yerpa, on the Dalai Lama’s return to Lhasa, Kyabje Yongzin Lingtrul Dorjechang was invited to Garpa Retreat and went there three or four days ahead of time to receive offering of long-life puja and so forth. Rinpoche asked me to relax there for a few days with him and, meeting informally, we had many vast and profound conversations. Then we returned to the Norbulingka Palace. 
 	
 	After that, at the urging of the lady, Dorje Yudrön, of Yutog Kyitsäl, in the assembly hall of Zhide Dratsang in Lhasa for a gathering of over four thousand principally ordained Sangha (including about fifty lamas and tulkus of all statures such as Kyabje Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche, Dragyab Hotogtu Rinpoche, Chamdo Pagchen Hotogtu Rinpoche, and many renowned geshes of Sera Jey such as Känzur Tsangpa Tabkä), I gave experiential Lamrim instructions153. For about one whole month I gave what would be my last Lamrim Teaching in Tibet. 
 	
 	After that, at the insistence of Sera Jey Trehor Geshe Ogyän Tsetän, Shung-Gya Mawa (Teacher of Hundreds of Scriptures), I went one day to Sera and offered extensive explanatory instructions on Ganden Lhagyäma in the Dharma patio courtyard of Trehor Kangtsän to a vast Sangha including Ratreng Chogtrul Rinpoche, abbots, officials, lamas, tulkus, and geshes of Sera Jey, Mey and Tantric Colleges. 
 	
 	When I was fifty-eight, in the spring of the year of the earth dog, as urged by Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche, at Pabongka Labrang in Lhasa, I fulfilled wishes for about two hundred monks, lamas, and tulkus including Chogtrul Rinpoche by giving the round of teachings of the close oral lineage that Venerable Manjusri bestowed upon the great lord Tsongkhapa, the Thirteen Golden Dharmas uncommon to the Sakyas, jenangs of the thirteen secret visions of Tagpu Dorjechang, and transmission of the concluding ritual for all of those. 
 	
 	Following the tradition, His Holiness the Dalai Lama the supreme, made his round of the three monastic seats to mark the successful conclusion of his study of the five great treatises. In the sixth month I accompanied him to glorious Drepung Monastery and stayed where accommodations had been prepared for me above the courtyard of the palace. In the midst of the knowledgable and liberated assembly on the great stone floor of the main assembly hall, His Holiness first gave the expression of homage and then took his geshe degree examination. With the abbots of Drepung and some of the best geshes who had mastered dialectical debate offering contradictory reasoning, he gave answers without impediment. 

 	After that, the abbots of both Drepung Gomang and Loseling Colleges examined him and His Holiness gave reasons, theses, and so forth, speaking with brilliant eloquence that delighted the learned masters. At the Chogtsung main assembly hall he accepted pastry offerings from the governing council of Drepung Monastery. He made Dharma connections giving teachings to the 
public assembly, walked the circumambulation route with a large entourage, and performed consecrations and ablutions in the four directions. With Kyabje Yongzin Sharchö Ling Rinpoche’s labrang offering service and distributions, His Holiness was invited to preside over the assembly. 

 	I also had the good fortune to accompany His Holiness when he was invited by the governing council of his Namgyäl Dratsang to the Sang-ngag Gatsäl hall and went there, accomplishing great deeds such as giving the teachings. The government also offered vast public distributions and services for award ceremonies in the main assembly hall. 
 	
 	After these great activities had been concluded at Drepung, on the way back he went to the Nechung Castle. The Great Dharma King (Dharma Protector) was invoked into his medium. He went to the base of the stone steps of the western door, bowed respectfully to His Holiness, and escorted him into the assembly hall where ceremonial pastries were offered and favorite visual 

153 I did this on the combined basis of the Nyurlam–Swift Path, and Delam–Blissful Path Lamrims, both the central and northern lineages of Jampäl Zhälung–The Words Of Mansjusri Lamrim, and my notes of the Liberation In The Palm Of Our Hands Lamrim, conjoined with the Seven Points of Mind Training during the explanation of Bodhicitta Equalization and Exchange of Self with Other, and Bodhicitta Puja at the conclusion 

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bases and objects of the Dharmapala such as rhinocerous, mask, mule, and so forth were offered to his sight. The Dharmapala summoned the ministers to where His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I were seated and gave some prophecies regarding spiritual and temporal affairs such as, ‘There is danger of bad times coming with no Protector!’ All of us present feared that it was a prophecy of obstacles to His Holiness the Dalai Lama but, in hindsight, it appears to have indicated that Tibet would be left protectorless when His Holiness went to India. 
 	
 	Then he went to the great Dharma community of Sera where, just as at Drepung, he took examination, made Dharma connections, celebrated the ceremonial pastry offering reception, the government made distributions, and so on. I stayed at Dänma Kangtsän where accommodations had been prepared for me. During that time, one day I also went to Kyabchog Dorjechang Chogtrul Rinpoche’s residence for an informal visit. After well accomplishing his great deeds at Sera he returned to the Norbulingka Palace. 
 	
 	Following that when, again, in the eighth month, he went to Ganden, he took a car from Lhasa up to the base of the Ganden pass at Tsangtog. On the way he briefly visited Detsän Sang-Ngag Kar Monastery and propitiated the Six-Arm Mahakala, its pricipal holy statue, that had been consecrated by Kädrupje. 
 	
 	From Tsangtog, with the traditional elaborate procession, he went to the victorious land of Ganden mountain, Drog Riwo Che Ganden Namgyäl Ling. I also went, and stayed in my own room on the upper story of Dokang Kangtsän. As traditional, His Holiness had already entered the Dharma door the previous year, the year of the fire boar, at Drepung and Sera, and when he sat for the Dharma examination, it was held simultaneously with the great award ceremony. Going to each of the two dratsangs, he was offered the pastry feast by each in accordance with their lineage sources. In the Dharma debate courtyard he was offered contradictory reasonings on the five great treatises by the best students of the monastery. 

 	His Holiness debated with the abbots of the dratsangs, and sat for his geshe examination giving answers to debate challenges from the abbot himself. He made Dharma connections with the monk populace. The governments of each of the dratsangs made feast distributions. In the great assembly hall the governing council of the monastery offered the pastry feast. His Holiness made Dharma connections with the public assembly. 
 	
 	All of the activities, the geshe examination, award ceremony and so on, were carried out in the great assembly hall and debate courtyard just as they had been at Sera and Drepung and the ceremonial pastry feast was offered up by Tripa Labrang in the Yangpachen Temple. With elaborate preparations, the government made thousands of offerings and offered Ganachakra before the supreme holy objects such as the great Golden Reliquary Stupa Of Protector Manjusri Lama Tsongkhapa. Further, together with His Holiness presiding, the current Ganden Tripa Thubten Kunga, Yongzin Sharchö Ling Rinpoche, myself, the attendant monks of Namgyäl Dratsang, the abbots of Ganden Shartse and Ganden Jangtse, lamas, tulkus, geshes and public assembly, we performed three days of extensive consecration ceremonies in connection with the rituals of Vajra Bhairava. 
 	
 	At the Dharmaraja Temple we perfomed elaborate sang (incense) offering and fulfillment ritual with Ganachakra. One day, for the wise liberated assembly of Ganden’s great assembly of Sangha, that supreme field for offerings by humans and gods, my household served tea and offered hot rice soup, distributed fifteen sang and offered khatak to each monk and made a capital fund offering sufficient for every monk to receive one sang every year. At the same time I was invited to the golden throne of the King of Dharma Protector Manjusri Tsongkhapa to be the lord of the assembly. Along with explanation of the mandala being offered beginning with the great qualities of the three secrets, I accepted indescribable offerings as suited to merit, and after the public gathering was over, I received pastry feast offering, gifts and awards from the government in my residence over the assembly hall. 
 	
 	One day His Holiness made circumambulation of the Ganden Lingkor with extensive entourage as is the tradition and, at the four directions of the round, performed ablutions and recitations. He was then invited before the spring in the main assembly hall as the Shar Gangrima and Satzinma praises of Ganden, the latter composed by the Seventh Dalai Lama Kelsang Gyatso, were chanted with melodies. There was no established tradition of the Namgyäl Dratsang reciting these prayers such as Shar Gangrima (Eastern Snow Mountain),154 and that day, because of such factors as the commotion created by the large assembly rising to file before His Holiness for audiences, the attendant Namgyäl monks mixed up the words about half way through the Shar Gangrima. Although it was quite a serious concern for the recitation to be interrupted in public, the chanting monks voices were so good that they covered it perfectly without any obvious sign under the magnificence and sweetness of the chant melody. 
 	
 	One day His Holiness the Dalai Lama rode the mount of a divine white yak up on Wangkur Ri Mountain with a specially selected entourage. I went also and assisted in recitation of the Lhasang Dralha Pangtö– Sang incense Offering and Exaltation of the Enemy-Destroying Devas. 

 	When I saw Ganden Monastery from the top of the mountain I thought of the kindness of Lord Tsongkhapa and his disciples and the times when I had lived in the monastery and participated in the program of assemblies and debate, and I was overcome with a feeling of conjoined joy and sadness. 
 	
 	At one point, in connection with opening sealed boxes of blessed bases at the Ganden throne room I viewed a large number of sacred inner bases such as images of Lord Tsongkhapa’s form and his three Dharma robes, and I received gifts of some of the blessed bases as well. 
 	
 	While staying at Ganden His Holiness the Dalai Lama had some kind of high fever for several days but through the power of willingly accepting it with the armor of his great energy of bodhicitta as well as taking medicine, it did not worsen and he was fine. 
 	
 	After the activities at Ganden were well completed, on the way back His Holiness visited the Tsäl Gungtang upper temple, and Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I stayed in the upper floor western residence where my previous incarnation had passed away.155 
 	
 	After His Holiness had accepted the pastry feast offering of Gungtang Labrang he went to stay at the summer cottage in the park. He told Kuntse Tzasag and the Tsipön to bring him some texts to read, since they did not know what texts there were at Gungtang Labrang, they asked me to help. Among many ancient texts in boxes in the clear-story above the temple there was a five-volume hand-written collected works of Drogön Shang Yudragpa that I took and offered. 
 	
 	When I went to look through the texts, the junior Tsipön Tsewang Döndrub-la came with me and said in a joking way, ‘You say you haven’t read all of the Tibetan scriptures! What Tibetan text do you not know?’ Among the scriptures there were so many handwritten compilations of Paramita texts with four or five lines of text per page that it disturbed me not to be able to read them all at that time. His Holiness closely studied the Shang Collected Works and was delighted with them. 
 	
 	At that moment, the Chinese general resident in Lhasa, Trangchin U said that Chuzhi Gangdrug soldiers fighting with Chinese forces at Nyemo had resulted in fatalities for which the Dalai Lama 
 	and the government would have to take the blame or else, and he threatened to take violent suppressive measures. An emergency meeting of the Kashag was called. It could not help but disturb His Holiness the Dalai Lama and he came to the Norbulingka Palace the next day in a displeased state. 
 	
 	That year during the winter, requested by Ngarab-jampa Lozang Wangdän, I went to Sera Tantric College and, for and assembly of about two thousand, mainly monks of Sera, with extra preliminary days, I offered great initiations of Arya Nagajarjuna’s Guyhasamaja Akshobyavajra, Thirteen-Deity Yamantaka, Five-Deity Ghandapa Heruka and Kunrig, along with the mantra jenangs of Guyhasamaja, Yamantaka and Heruka. 
 	
 	At that same time Domo Geshe Chogtrul Rinpoche was receiving his geshe degree so I was invited and went to Domo Labrang where I stayed for two days. I went to Kyabje Pabongka 

154 A melancholy praise of Ganden by the First Dalai Lama Gedun Gyatso. 
155 Literally, ‘where the form of my‘producer’ had lived when he passed away. Nged rang gi skyed byed sku gshegs de nyid bzhugs sa 
 	
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Chogtrul Rinpoche’s residence and, in an informal meeting, made prayers for the long life of Yongzin Gyälrong Käntrul Rinpoche who was unwell. 
 	
 	For many years up to that time I had given yearly initiations, transmissions, and commentaries of Sutra and Tantra, with primary emphasis on teaching the Stages Of The Path To Enlightenment, for assemblies of anywhere from one or two thousand to four or five thousand, including primarily monks of the three monastic seats, Gyutö and Gyume Tantric Colleges in Lhasa, residents of the Meru and Zhide temples, and so forth. At those times there would be anywhere from at least twenty or thirty and up to sixty or seventy lamas and tulkus of all levels of stature in attendance and many of the best students and renowned geshes, including abbots and officials of the three monastic seats who gathered. From my side I felt as Panchen Lozang Chögyän said, 
 	
 	Though skilled in transforming others’ minds through Dharma explanations, 
       My own mind remains coarse and dry. 
 	Like a faker, as I act like I am teaching Dharma, 
 	There is a danger that the one who knows Dharma is destitute of Dharma! 
 	
 	As he says, my nature was that of a hypocrite, hardened to Dharma, whose practice contradicts his teachings. But like the convicted murderer of his own mother who became a monk, trained in the three Pitakas, went to a remote land to practice; and who, by teaching Dharma, had disciples who themselves attained the fruit of Arhatship, I, out of many students who hoped to bear responsibility for upholding Buddha’s Teachings, had tried to generate and teach in accordance with my ability, a few drops of his essential nectar instructions for the ears, such as those Lamrim teachings on the easy path to liberation and omniscience. But the messengers of mara, that herd of wild elephants of the barbarian Red Chinese brought such destruction to the lotus grove of Tibet’s peoples and Buddhist teachings that suddenly, all at once, it would be destroyed and there would not be even the robes, the symbol of ordination, throughout the three regions of the land of Tibet. The Chinese oppression brought complete ruin to my hopes for many lamas, tulkus and spiritual guides. They followed His Holiness the Dalai Lama to India, but even some of the few who made it, died soon after. And for some, it was as the Master Vasubandhu had said, 

        Not having abandoned the mental afflictions, 
 	And paying inappropriate attention 
 	To objects that seem to be fully present, 
 	The causes for delusion are fully complete. 
 	
 	Everything occurred as he describes. When I think about the way our hopes bore no fruit and disappeared like sandcastles built by children on the beach, it was very disappointing, but there was nothing else that could be done. 
 	
 	When I was fifty-nine, in the year of the earth boar, on the first day of the year I performed elaborate fulfillment offerings before the speaking Päldän Lhamo statue in the shrine room of the Dalai Lama’s residence at the Potala Palace, recited the yearly torma ritual at the top of the palace, and I also went for other festive ceremonies as they had been traditionally performed in previous times, early and late on New Year’s day. There had been a slight snowfall on that morning of the first. It had drifted unevenly and it seemed to be an inauspicious omen in regard to spiritual and temporal affairs. 

 	To mark the Dalai Lama’s156 completion of study of the five great treatises, at the Great Prayer Festival of Lhasa celebrating Lord Buddha’s miraculous deeds he was to engage in public 

156 The year is 1959 and the Dalai Lama is now HH the 14th Dalai Lama. 
 	
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debate before the vast assembly of Sangha. He therefore went to the upstairs Labrang of the Jokang Temple in Lhasa. During the prayer festival I also stayed in the upstairs residence of the Labrang. 

 	The thirteenth was the actual day of the Dalai Lama’s public debate for Geshe Lharampa. 

 	That day at the morning public tea assembly, the courtyard teaching public debate, the noontime public tea, the ‘dry’157 noontime public debate, the evening tea, and the great evening public debate, at each of these sessions, when the Dalai Lama paid homage to each of the great treatises, at the midmorning assembly, and the great evening debate, there were near to thirty thousand monks present; it was like the ground was strewn with necklace garlands of topaz, or that the earth was everywhere covered with fresh saffron. Amidst the huge assembly of extremely learned, wise dialecticians, geshes of the three monastic seats who thought of themselves as the master logicians Dignaga and Dharmakirti, in the morning, he debated Pramana in the courtyard; at noon, Madyamaka and Paramita; and in the evening, Vinaya and Abhidharma. In each case, he was presented with arguments on the most difficult points and gave answers without any problem, thus filling the wise elders in attendance with awe. We enjoyed the good fortune of the amazing spectacle of seeing these puffed up scholars who looked down upon him as a young upstart having their confident pride trampled under the soles of his feet! 

 	At the midday public debate session the Great King Oracle Emanation of Nechung was invoked into his medium. He offered a brief logical assertion regarding the Four Noble Truths to the Dalai Lama, and also offered his congratulations. 

 	On the day of the fourteenth, in the great courtyard the government sponsored for the Dalai Lama an extremely vast feast celebration of his successful completion of the public debate examinations and, in connection with accepting very impressive offerings, Yongzin Kyabje Ling Rinpoche, Sharpa Chöje158, I, and the debate partners, the Tsänzhabs, received congratulatory awards of very high stature. 

 	On the tenth day of the first month, as traditional, in the ancient Meru temple of Lhasa, the Great Dharma King Nächung was invoked and on the day of the seventeenth, as well, an extra invocation was held above the Labrang in the upper residence. Nächung, the state oracle, said, ‘Can you erect a bridge over a ford-less159 river? I am checking on the spirit side!’ 

 	We thought that since it was a time that the gap between Tibetans and Chinese was widening, that Nächung was saying that they would both be making preparations and that Nächung himself was preparing for some sort of action. But when I did my own checking a little later on, the circumference of Lhasa was already completed surrounded by encampments of Chinese forces and it seemed as if all possibility for escape had evaporated. Even so, I was able to receive certain knowledge that the Dharma protectors guaranteed, with immutable vajra words of commitment, that the Dalai Lama and his entourage of close to one hundred would not be subject to the slightest difficulty. 
 	
 	Two days after the Prayer Festival was over, as was traditional, the Dalai Lama came into the midst of the midday public tea assembly. Similar to the present day custom of taking oral examination at some schools, after various shlokas ‘verses’, from the five great treatises that I had prepared were recited as the basis for questioning, the Dalai Lama gave well-reasoned commentaries on the meaning of each verse. After the noonday assembly was over, in the presence of many scholars in the courtyard, he also presented himself for a smaller public debate examination. 
 	
 	One day after that, there was the announcement of a play to be performed at the Siling Puu Chinese army encampment. We received a message from the army office demanding that Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, myself, and other Kashag government ministers attend. Before this there had been meetings in Dotö and Domä to which various lamas, ministers and important people had been invited, after which they had been seized and imprisoned. Because of having heard of this and because of the self-grasping ignorance remaining in my mind despite all of my studies of profound 

157 Some assemblies are classified as ‘wet’ of ‘dry’ according to whether tea is served or not. 
158 Ex-abbot of Gyuto Tantric College, in line to be the next Ganden Tripa. 
159 A place where a river is shallow enough to cross by wading. 
 	
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view and mind-training, I strongly imagined that the Chinese might deceive us all and arrest us that night, yet I had to go. It seemed to be some sort of preparation from the Chinese side to later offer a deceptive invitation to the Dalai Lama. That night we had a meal with them. While everything remained outwardly polite, we barely managed to get back. 
 	
 	It is said that the Arya Sangha are worthy of service and veneration, a glorious field of merit, the highest field for offerings. Intent on gathering the merit that accrues from making such offerings, for some years, at the assembly of the great prayer festival I had made yearly offerings of public tea service, porridge, distributions of individual offerings, and had contributed to the various capital funds. Likewise at this last of gatherings for such accumulation, I again made a distribution of offerings to all the individuals present at the assembly. 
 	
 	Shortly afterwards, I specially called to my room the Panglung Kuten medium of the principal protector of the teachings, Gyalchen Dorje Shugden. I invoked the Dharmapala and asked for his advice. In answer, he said that since the enemies of the teachings, the Chinese Communists, intended to soon carry out evil plans, that not only was it of the utmost importance that the Dalai Lama and ourselves secretly leave for India, but that I, especially, could not remain in Tibet because I was so high-profile. He also said that it was very important to warn the Dalai Lama, that he would have to go and that there would definitely come a moment when he would be able to go. But because the issue of whether the Dalai Lama should go or remain had not been officially decided, many still had doubts. 
 	
 	After the prayer festival was over and the Maitreya teachings had been carried in, suddenly the Dalai Lama left Lhasa for the Norbulingka Kälzang Palace with an oceanic entourage. We also went along. On the tenth day of the third month of the year 1959 by the western calendar, the Dalai Lama, the two tutors160 and government ministers along with others, were presented with invitations from the Chinese army encampment demanding our presence at a play in the Communist party army tent. The Dalai Lama’s bodyguard Dapön Taglha Puntsog Tashi was especially invited to the Chinese camp but the Dalai Lama’s entourage of bodyguards was not to exceed ten, by terms of the invitation, and they were also not to wear armor or carry any weapons! 

 	As for the tutors and ministers, we were to come alone, and were not allowed to bring any attendants. It was so silly that it outwardly publicized their treacherous intentions. Still, the red Chinese forcefully insisted that the Dalai Lama was powerless to refuse, and it was decided that he would go. 
 	
 	Now Tibetans, lay and ordained alike, had a general heartfelt abhorrence for the conduct of the red Chinese. In particular, in all of the eight years since they had arrived in Lhasa up to that time they had never invited the Dalai Lama to the red Chinese army camp. For them to do so now suddenly and not permit him to bring any armed bodyguards, and to invite other government officials without attendants alarmed the Tibetans and they came from every direction. Many people heard or saw the influx of a vast Chinese army in many large trucks that night and witnessed other things. This lead everyone, headed by those of the three monastic universities such as lamas, monks, officials, lay and ordained alike, along with the general public, men and women, in the tens of thousands to congregate around the Norbulingka. No one could convince them to disperse as they were all voluntarily of a single mind to prevent the Dalai Lama from going to the play. That morning of the first, they gathered outside the gates of the Norbulingka Palace, blocking the way and shouting their petition for the Dalai Lama to delay accepting the invitation that day, as they could not bear the responsibility of allowing him to go to the show. 

 	The Kalön minister Sampowa Tsewang Rigzin, intending to escort the Dalai Lama, came from Lhasa to the Norbulingka by car but, because his driver was Chinese, the public stoned him. 

 	Sampo was struck on the head and had to turn back. Chamdo Pagpa Lha’s relative, Känchung Sönam Gyältsän, a young man who was well known for always associating with Chinese agents, made the mistake of coming to the Norbulingka that day dressed in Chinese clothing and further 

160 Kyabje Ling Rinpoche and Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche. 
 	
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infuriating people with his conduct until he was stopped by the suspicious crowd at the main gate and they stoned him to death.
 
 	All this led to the Dalai Lama deferring his trip to the Chinese encampment. The public thronged through Lhasa shouting, ‘We Tibetans are free and independent!’ Over a thousand people from Tibet’s three regions161 formed a volunteer bodyguard army, bringing their own shields and weapons, assembling to stand watch on each side of the walls surrounding the Norbulingka Palace, around the Potala Palace and the Lhasa cathedrals. 

 	At the ritual house of the Norbulingka the people created a new bodyguard army headquarters. Many thousands of Lhasa women also thronged together, demonstrating against the Chinese communists, shouting for the Chinese to leave Tibet. 
 	
 	On the day of the eighth the red Chinese shot and killed two monks near the north side of the Norbulingka, and two mortar shells were fired at the Norbulingka Palace, as has been related in detail by His Holiness the Dalai Lama in his own writings. The situation had become so dangerous that it greatly disturbed me and the people like me who don’t realize all things are illusory. As a result of this situation the Kashag authorities asked for prognostications regarding the suitable way for the Dalai Lama to reach any foreign country in order to seek asylum. They used the mediums of dough balls in the presence of the talking Päldän Lhamo statue, Nechung Chögyäl Chenpo – the state oracle, and the prophecy of the Gadong Dharmapala Shingjachän, but following the intentions and orders of the Dalai Lama, I secretly ordered Ratö Chubar Rinpoche to go to Panglung Retreat and to ask Gyalchen Dorje Shugden for his instructions. 

 	The Dharmapala said, ‘You must go immediately! If you go by way of the southwestern direction, no harm will come to the Dalai Lama or any of his entourage; I guarantee it! You must go raising this sword in my name at the head of the Dalai Lama’s column.’ Thus, he advised using the path leading to the southwest through Rama Gang and then performed the shooting arrow and sword dances. 

 	Following this very advice, on the night of the eighth day of the second month at nine o’clock, preceded by members of his family such as his mother, the Gyälyum Chenmo, the Dalai Lama and a small entourage then left. Following after him came Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I, Kalön Zurkangpa, Wangchen Geleg, Neshar Thubtän Tharpa, Shänkab Gyurme Tobgyä, and a reduced entourage including three close attendants. Everyone had cast off the clothing they normally wore and put on ordinary clothing and servant’s clothing. 

 	We left the Norbulingka and took a boat across the Lhasa Kyichu River in the southwest at Rama Gang. When we got out of the boat we left quickly together as if we were going about ordinary business. I had my close attendants Lhabu, Jamyang Tashi, Norbu Chöpel, Namdröl, and Sönam Tänzin, on the night of the eighth, go ahead unobtrusively to wait for us at Pari in Rama Gang. Päldän, Lozang Sherab, and Lozang Yeshe came with me that night. 

 	When we left the Norbulingka Palace we hid inside a big oxcart covered over by a tarp. We got out without the official bodyguards at the gate even asking who we were! Leaving from Kyichu Pari, until crossing the small Sandy Pass at the fortified monastery of Neu Tzong, to the north of the Kyichu River, the whole way we could clearly see the lamps of the Chinese army camp close by on the ‘Nortö’ fields to the west of the Norbulingka. The moonlight seemed to be even brighter than usual and we went feeling a mixture of dread that the Chinese knew we were there and would pursue us, and hope that, if we could get across the Kyichu, we could escape. It was like the proverbial huntsman and the black Vajra Mahakala deer. Not confron ted with disaster, sitting on a throne, I had always proclaimed with a thunderous voice the mind-training teachings, including how to incorporate negative conditions on the path, but today I felt like a liar without any such realizations. 

 	When the moon set behind the top of the Neu pass, it became very dark. Because the Chinese army camp also disappeared in the darkness, my mind relaxed a little. But because we had to travel without turning on any lamps, some of the traveling companions got ahead and others fell 

161 chhol gsum 
 	
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behind, and we got separated. My attendant Lhabu made a big mistake in the path and got left behind. Until nine o’clock the following day he had still not arrived and I was definitely quite distracted with worry that he might have fallen into the hands of the Chinese. Since we had planned to leave the Norbulingka by boat we had to dress appropriately and because the winds were so cold, it caused my phlegm and bile to rise. I was both dizzy and nauseous and for some time felt like I was riding on top of a galloping horse. At a place called Namgyäl Gang at the Tsemön Ling fields, one of the residents gave me his dark, rich-smelling, woolen cloak. It gave me some relief and I had a bowl of boiled water and felt better. 

 	On the near side of Jela, Sandy Pass, the manager of Tadrag Labrang said that he had already escorted the Dalai Lama through the area and that he was there waiting for us. We had a small meal then crossed the Sandy Pass. 

 	On the sandy plain called Bäntsa Druka, next to where the Tsangchu and Kyichu rivers merge into a huge river, day broke quite quickly. Because of the high winds, boats coming and going across were rare and while we were waiting for a boat to return we had to stand for a long time in the high winds that flung the grains of sand so that they stung like arrows striking our skin. 

 	Just before dark a boat arrived. That night I spent in the upper residence of Rawa Mä Monastery. 

 	The Dalai Lama had been there as well. 

 	When we left the Norbulingka, because it was of utmost importance that His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s personal safety not be endangered, and other than seeking to save our lives, we had to put aside all thought of taking anything with us. All I had was my monk’s cloak, my prayer book, and a box with blessing pills. All the attendants each had their gau reliquary box next to their bodies to protect them from weapons, a hand-gun, a little food and drink for the time-being, and nothing else except the clothes on their bodies. 

 	In brief, it was not only us, but at that time the government ministers accompanying us, and afterwards many Tibetans, lay and ordained, from all stratas of society who sooner or later followed us. In regard to us all, as Lord Sakya Pandita said, 

       That which is enjoyed without wisdom 
 	Is of little benefit to oneself 
 	It is only by chance that the calf gets to drink 
 	The milk of the wish-fulfilling cow! 
 	
 	Likewise, that whole ‘beings and environment’ which we cling to as ‘ours’ can disappear in an instant and become like a dream from which we have just awakened. Some time we will all be separated without choice from all of our friends and relations, entourage and assistants, monk disciples, benefactors, and so forth, whom we hold so dear. Taking all I saw and heard as an explicit instruction introducing me directly to the lack of permanence in the nature of compounded phenomena, it should have given a big boost to my practice, but because of my heavy predilection to bad habits from many previous lives, after we arrived in India, I gradually reverted to the deleterious mind that believes these appearances are real, that causes us to waste our human lives in empty pursuits. 
 	
 	Then, in the Kyide Zhöl area, we spent the night at Chökor Monastery in Döl, and the next morning I went to the Dharmapala Gyalchen Dorje Shugden’s shrine room and made propitiation. 

 	That night we arrived at Yoru at Dratang Monastery, which was founded by a monk who was a treasure revealer and who had clairvoyances. Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I, and the three ministers stayed there for a day. The Dalai Lama could not take any time to stay there, and had gone on to Dranang, Purgyang, Gogyäl, and Zangzhi. 
 	
 	The day after that we took the main road to Drachi village and arrived at the pinnacle of Nyingma Monasteries in central Tibet, Ogmin Mindröling, founded by the undisputed Vidyadhara, the Great Treasure-Revealer Gyurme Dorje. The Sangha there upheld pure Vinaya discipline and, out of the two divisions of Scripture and Treasure teachings in Nyingma, mainly upheld the Scriptural tradition, although they also purely practiced the unpolluted Treasure teachings that the great treasure revealer himself had unearthed. 
 	
 	The Sangha there, wearing their robes, displaying such a peaceful and subdued manner, greeted us like a golden mala, whereas we, and all of our attendants were there wearing chupas, showing the equal taste of samsara and nirvana; it grieved me somewhat, as a reminder of the obstacles we were facing. 

 	The throne holder representing Mindröling, Chung Rinpoche, treated us very hospitably and had a noonday meal with us. After visiting several blessed temples in the monastery and an extremely awesome Protector Temple, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I had a relaxed meeting at his residence with Chung Rinpoche, whom we found to be an extremely warm and virtuous person. Discussing with him in detail what was happening around Lhasa, we strongly urged him to leave. Chung Rinpoche replied that if he did not remain there was grave danger that the monastery would be destroyed, and he would not agree to leave. There was nothing else we could do. 

 	We left Mindröling that evening and spent the next day at a place called Purmön Drozhi to the southwest. Then traveling on, we took the extremely long road over Düchi Pass, finally arriving at Chonggyä Purchänyä Monastery. We made offerings and prayers before the principal object of veneration in the temple there, a statue of Medicine Buddha Rinchen Dawa. 

 	The following day we went to Chonggyä Riwo Dechen Monastery. We intended to spend a day there but the Dalai Lama and his entourage had been there the day before and had intended to stay for a day and more of rest, but on the day of the tenth the Red Chinese had loosed a rain of mortar fire, damaging the Norbulingka Palace, the Potala Palace, and many other places in Lhasa, and resulting in many deaths. With the Tibetan army not able to defend our own territory, many lay and ordained people had fled for their lives and the whole country was filled with refugees escaping. The situation had become such that people had no choice but to leave. 

 	Hearing of the critical state of emergency, the danger was too much, and the Dalai Lama had left quickly and suddenly and gone by way of Chonggyä Püdön pass to Tösam Dargyäling Monastery above Yarlung Chödä. We could do nothing but follow in the same direction. That same day, from Chänyä, we had to accomplish a two-day journey in one day, exhausting our horses and people completely. But when we arrived at Tösam Dargyäling, the lama in charge of the monastery was from Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche’s labrang and served us with high hospitality. We rested so comfortably that it felt as if we had arrived at our own home. 

 	The next day, journeying by way of the great Tödrag Pass going up from the vicinity of the snow mountain of Yarlha Shambho, we spent the night in poor circumstances in the small village named Echu Dogyang. The people there had to experience the result of negative karma from past lives in the form of an environment that was so inhospitable that it seemed as if they would have to have been chained up in order to be forced to remain there; otherwise, it didn’t seem as if someone like ourselves would be able to stay there for even a day. 
 	
 	The following day, we traveled over the Shopo Tagla pass to Karteng monastery, administered by Drug Labrang in western Shopo, and then, on the day of the seventeenth, at the great Yülgyäl Lhünpo Tse fortress in Nyäl, where the Dalai Lama had arrived and set up a temporary seat of government, there was a full assembly of the entourage and we briefly held a rough sort of auspicious ceremony. Yongzin Ling Rinpoche offered the commentary on the mandala and I offered the auspicious signs and substances while reciting verses relating to each.
 
 	After the ceremony was over we stayed nearby at Nyäl Dreu Lhä Monastery. 
 	
 	Then we traveled to Jor-Ra Monastery in Nyäl and through the Karpo pass to Tsona Monastery at the top. The day we arrived at Tsona Monastery, while we were in a curve of what is called the Gorpo pass, an unidentified plane flew very close to us. It was quite disturbing as we suspected that it was the enemy pursuing us. Dragyab Chetsang Hotogtu and his entourage and even Känchung Tarawa Chän later arrived from his royal domain to meet together at Tsona. 

 	According to what Tarawa said, the night of the tenth of the Tibetan month, at two o’clock in the morning, the Norbulingka palace had been shelled in every sector with continuous mortar fire. 
 	
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 	That lasted until six o’clock the following evening. Because of the thousands of shells exploding, the Norbulingka Palace, its inner and outer walls and particularly the area of the Dalai Lama’s own residence, the ‘Golden Mountain’ inner palace had suffered the most damage but that was not the end of it. The Potala Palace was also damaged by the shelling, and the Chagri Dropän Rigje Ling – the Tibetan Medical College – was completely annihilated, as related in detail by His Holiness the Dalai Lama in his own book. It was at this time that we heard the news of the terrible state of emergency. 
 	
 	From Tsona we took the Pö pass and arrived at the place called ‘Mangma’. When he crossed such passes, we were tormented by high winds and snowstorms, as I described earlier. That day in particular, the way down from Pö pass was very steep and we had to trek through mud for a very long way so the nomad community of the region gave me a yak to ride. 
 	
 	His Holiness the Dalai Lama was staying at Mangma because he was slightly ill so we also spent the day there. Quite a few of His Holiness’s escort and my own had come at the same time from Chatreng, and now had to return so I gave them blessing pills and protection cords. 
 	
 	On the day of the twenty-second, we reached the border of India at a place called, ‘Chu Dangmo’–Pure Waters. Functionaries of the Indian government and the army of bodyguards sat together with His Holiness and his entourage inside a tent. Because we were now free from the danger of the Chinese, my childish mind was freed from its tight noose of thinking and worrying. 
 	
 	From there our journey took us successively to Gongsum Chötän, a temple built in the shape of the great stupa in Nepal, and the villages of Sharti, Lungla, and Tongleg where we spent a day at each. 

 	On the day of the twenty-eighth His Holiness the Dalai Lama was staying at Tawang Monastery and Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I were staying in the village below Tawang. We stayed there for two days. I went to see my old Dharma companion, Tsona Göntse Rinpoche, with whom I had a meal and a relaxed meeting. 

 	Leaving Tawang, we went to a village named Jang and crossed a great pass known as Zera to Senge Tzong–Lion’s Fort–and the villages in the Dhirang area and the village of Rawang, spending a day at each place. 

 	On the fourth day of the third month, at the Indian government village communities administration building at Svajana in Bomdilla, the Indian government convened to arrange residence for us. That day the Indian government representative at Bomdilla invited HH the Dalai Lama and his entourage as guests for tea, so I went as well. From Tsona all the way there was very narrow steep mountain paths and passes that we had to cross on foot with thick forests and canyons and we had to dismount and remount every sort of conveyance. By the time we got there I was rather tired outwardly but inwardly I felt a constant buoyant happiness. I found myself able to practice the mind-training teachings on willingly bearing suffering that I had been unable to practice previously. 
 	
 	After staying in Bomdilla for three days Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I went ahead together in an Indian government jeep on the steep Rirong road through towns such as Chagu and Tagma in the Kelong region until, on the tenth day of the month we had breakfast with His Holiness the Dalai Lama at a guest house in Pukrehela. After that we went to an official’s house in a mountain community called Tiichipur in the Shelong area. In connection with going for audience with His Holiness various important people came especially from Kalimpong to also see Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I, such as Dekarwa, the government representative, Yutogpa, the Kashag representative, the officer in charge of guests for the King of Sikkim, the general secretary of Drepung Monastery, and so forth. 

 	After having lunch there, we took a high quality train of the Indian government that had come to the Tiichipur train station for His Holiness the Dalai Lama and his entourage to Shiliguru where we arrived at the train station on the morning of the eleventh. On the landing His Holiness the Dalai Lama was greeted by various important people of authority such as the King of Sikkim. 

 	Many tens of thousands of people of Tibetan anscestry living in India such as those from the Kador region also happily greeted His Holiness like bees swarming to a lotus garden. 
 	
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 	We continued by turns through Varanasi, Lucknow, Dheradun and other cities until, on April 20, the thirteenth of the third Tibetan month, in Mussorie, the Indian government arranged lodging for His Holiness and his entourage at Dalhousie. After some days there, the Indian Prime Minister Nehru came to see His Holiness with us two tutors and Kashag ministers present, also respectfully honored and greeted by the Indian government representatives that were there. 

 	After His Holiness had visited the capital, we heard communist Chinese radio broadcasts stating that some Tibetan aristocrats, with me as the chief instigator in particular, in evil league with the Chushi Gandrug,162 had rebelled and forced the Dalai Lama to leave Tibet against his wishes; that in evil conspiracy with foreign imperialists, wearing the masks of Dharma, we had deceived the public and engaged in an endless litany of faulty actions such as sexual impropriety with women. There was even a play put on near Lhasa to depict all of these accusations. There was an image of me with many heads and arms displayed in the bazaar identifying me as the bad seed, the chief miscreant. We heard all of this over the radio and confirmed successive reports from Tibetans arriving from Lhasa. As it’s said in the Wheel of Sharp Weapons mind-training text, When one is falsely accused of other’s harmful deeds, 

 	It is the wheel of sharp weapons returning the negative karma Of oneself having disparaged holy beings. 

 	Thus, even though it was undoubtedly my own negative karma from previous lives ripening for me, because of the immediate circumstances of my having given many teachings in Tibet and Kham, the communist Chinese placed blame on many of the lamas and disciples from all three regions of Tibet who were associated with me, principals of schools, officials of the autonomous region and chairmen of the Dharma Affairs offices, making them lightning-rods for criticism, and the Chinese Communists policies being what they were, because of the grudge they held against me for things I had not done, they no doubt suffered all sorts of painful punishments as long as they remained under the Chinese occupation. 
 	
 	But thanks to the Three Jewels and Protector’s activities, and being held by the life-line of compassion of the great Dalai Lama, we made it to India where we continued to have freedom of our own body, speech and minds. Although we were free for the moment from the great dangers they posed, not knowing when the unwelcomed messenger of destruction might appear at any time, it was summed up for me in the contemplation of the inevitability of death. Yet although I was granted the choice not to have to experience the harsh punishments that I am supposed to experience and I think I have not done enough to improve myself. 
 	
 	Staying in Mussorie, a few Tibetans who had arrived in India before us came for audience with HH the Dalai Lama, when we were there, but otherwise, the later Tibetan arrivals were not familiar with the land, the language, signs and so forth and so we did not travel much. I didn’t know the country either so my attention had automatically been somewhat distracted by all the activities and busy hubbub of India but this period naturally brought a stop to that. I could increase my practice somewhat and kept to a more introspective and contemplative lifestyle. 
 	
 	In the waxing moon of the tenth Tibetan month, I was requested to come perform consecration at the Tibetan Ganden Chöpel Ling Monastery in Nepal, by its administrator, the Mongolian Tulku Guru Deva. With all of my entourage I went to Nepal and for three days performed consecration in an extensive manner of the higher Tantric practice of Vajra Bhairava/Yamantaka with the assistance of eight monks from the upper and lower Tantric colleges. 

 	In the assembly hall of the area monastery, I gave long life initiation to a rather large crowd of lay and ordained, Avalokiteshvara Who Liberates From Lower Realms. As requested by Ladak Zangskar Gelong Tashi I gave the two-day with preparation day Great Initiation of Heruka Chakrasamvara according to the Ghandapa System Body-Mandala to a small group including 

162 Four Rivers Six Mountains, the guerilla fighters from Kham, devoted to Kyabje Trijang Dorjechang, who escorted His Holiness out of Tibet. 
 	
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Dragyab Chetsang Rinpoche, Drugpa Tsechu Tulku, and Zemey Rinpoche. I gave about twenty novice ordinations and granted other requests such as conferring life entrustment of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden to some of the Sangha. 
 	
 	Going on pilgrimage to sites such as those of the three great stupas in Nepal, I made as many offerings as I could such as thousand-sets of offerings. On the way back from Nepal, as invited by our host patron Gyurme-lag of the Sadu family, we went to Kabug. Kabug Tarchö Monastery officials, lamas and tulkus, and some general welfare societies government representatives there, gathered to greet and escort us from the Malle Dunpa settlement and we arrived at Sadu Kotri where we spent the night. 
 	
 	As requested by Tharpa Chöling Monastery, I gave the great initiation of Yamantaka Solitary Hero at the monastery, and at the wishes of the Sadu Kotri benefactors, I gave the sindhura blessing of Vajrayogini to a rather large number of aspirants and also fulfilled a few other of their wishes such as giving a Vajrapani-Hayagriva-Garuda / Trakpo Sumtril permitted empowerment. 
 	
 	There was an old patron acquaintance living in Karshang who was nearing death, the aged Amdo Jampel Sampel, whose invitation we accepted for an extended visit, and, on the way, at the general wishes of Samten Chöling’s Dorling Gum Monastery I gave a long life initiation to the patron, and spent one day at Karshang. 
 	
 	Then, when His Holiness the Dalai Lama went to Bodh Gaya we took the train from Shiriguri to Bodh Gaya. I was there as, for the first time, His Holiness gave novice and monk ordination to a large number of aspirants. After going on pilgrimage to Bodhgaya, Varanasi, and other sites, making offerings, we went back to Mussorie for the Tibetan New Year. 
 	
 	I was sixty years old in the Tibetan year of the iron rat. In the third Tibetan month, in connection with instructions from the Indian government, His Holiness and his entourage moved to Dharamsala in Himachal Pradesh. We also went to Dharamsala, landing at Naroji Kotri. At the instructions of His Holiness, with Dragyab Hotogtu Rinpoche, Panchen Ötrul Rinpoche, Sera Mey Panglung Tulku, Lhakar Tulku, Yerpa Tsanzhab Tulku, Chötse Tulku, Drepung Loseling Zamdong Tulku, Yiga Tulku, Shagkor Käntrul, Nyagre Käntrul, Sera Mey Geshe Jampel Senge and Tenpay Gyaltsen, I convened to compile a standardized Tibetan grammar and spelling. Although meant as an example, examinations were held immediately. 
 	
 	From the ninth day of the eighth Tibetan month, for four days, I offered to His Holiness the Dalai Lama and a few of his entourage the Five Deity Outer and Ghandapa system Heruka Chakrasamvara great initiation and the great initiation of Ghandapa tradition’s Body Mandala of Heruka Chakrasamvara and then the Sindhura blessing of Vajrayogini. 
 	
 	By way of Bodhgaya’s Kenzur Ladak Lama Ngawang Samten, from the Darjeeling area eastern lower Mane Bajang, Purbu Lhamo, to create roots of virtue for her deceased husband Kode Subhidhara, we went to Darjeeling Sunadha to their residence neighboring the Sunadha Temple at Darjeeling. There to a large number of local residents and others of the public, lay and ordained, I gave the great initiation of the Great Compassionate One of the Palmo Tradition and the long life initiation from the ear-whispered Thangtong Gyalpo lineage. At that time, from Gum Monastery Samten Chöling, at the request of the Sangha of Dromo Dungkar Monastery, I went there and stayed about one week. To the general Sangha I gave the great initiation of Solitary Hero Yamantaka and life entrustment of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden a few times, to some of the monks, three at a time. 
 	
 	At the request of the Tashi Chöling patrons at Karshang Monastery I went there and made a Dharma connection with people who lived around the region, giving teachings such as the permitted empowerment of Avalokiteshvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms, and afterwards went to Kabug at the request of the Sadu Family. At Tarpa Chöling Monastery I gave great initiation of Ghandapa’s Five-Deity Heruka Chakrasamvara and Vajrayogini Sindhura Blessing. At Domo Labrang residence, to a Sangha of about sixty in number including Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche and Sera Mey Dragyab Rinpoche, I gave Heruka Chakrasamvara Ghandapa System Body Mandala Great Initiation. 
 	
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 	At the request of the Kabug people, in the field in front of the Sadu estate I made Dharma connection with the public, lay and ordained, of all levels of stature by giving teachings such as long life initiations of the Drubgyal and Siddhiraja system. I had opportunities both coming and going for two relaxed meetings meet with Karmapa Rinpoche at Tsurpu. Invited by Kamtrul Rinpoche I went where they were in the process of building Zangdog Pelri Monastery in Kabug Dorpin and performed consecration. 

 	After the conclusion of the ceremonies in Kabug, at the command of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, on the nineteenth of the tenth Tibetan month, monks of the three monastic seats of the Gelug together with Sangha of the Sakya, Nyingma, and Kagyu went to the Buxa Dharma Encampment that had been set up as a temporary settlement in 1950 and on the occasion of Ganden Ngamchö the government made tea offering and offering distributions in connection with a distribution of coins and reading of scroll requests, and I also made distributions of offerings. 

 	At the request of various groups and individuals, to the public gathering I gave explanatory commentary on Guru Puja, Thirteen Deity Yamantaka great initiation, long life initiations, Three Wrathful One permitted empowerment, Vajrayogini Sindhura Blessing to people who took mantra commitments. 

 	At Zong Rinpoche’s residence, to about one hundred monks, I gave Chittamani Tara Common Torma initiation and the blessing of the four initiations of the uncommon body mandala. I gave novice ordination to about sixty disciples including Chabdo Kundor Tulku, and full ordination to disciples such as Sera Jey Denma Tsanbar Tulku, fulfilling whatever individual wishes people had. 

 	Buxa had been a place where, when the Indian people were demonstrating for independence, many demonstrators such as their grand forefather Gandhi and Nehru, and so forth had been imprisoned by the English. It was a place where the ground was very rough and uneven, shaped in a triangular layout, it was one of the worst environments you could imagine but the Sangha willingly accepted it with the four types of Aryan conduct such as being content with poor residence and food. Their subdued conscientious conduct became something to really rejoice in. 

 	After the Buxa ceremonies were over I went to Calcutta for a medical check-up and stayed at the Punkangpa residence. I went to see Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche where he was staying in the hospital for a checkup. At the request of Jampa-la who lived in Calcutta, I gave long life initiation to about one hundred people of Tibetan ancestry. I also visited Karmapa Rinpoche at Tsurpu on the way to and from Calcutta. After two sessions of checkups I returned to Dharamsala. 

 	When I was sixty-one, in the western calendar year of 1961, Tibetan year of the iron ox, in the first month, with Bodhgaya’s Kensur Ladag Lama Ngawang Samten handling arrangements, I went from Buxa to Bodhgaya as the head of five hundred Sangha members and along with Sangha from other places, at the behest of His Holiness the Dalai Lama we reinstituted the prayers and offerings of the Great Prayer Festival celebrating Buddha’s miraculous deeds. We continued the tradition of the Great Prayer Festival there by the Bodhi Tree. I gave the traditional transmission of the Thirty-four Jataka Tales, and then, at the urging of Kendrung Ngawang Dondrub who was the presiding over the Prayer Festival, gave a commentary on the Three Principal Paths. At the request of Kyabchog Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche, I also gave a reading transmission of Bodhisattvacharyavatara163. 

 	We performed all of the appropriate prayers such as the dedication for the noonday assemblies of the Prayer Festival; Tenbarma (Prayer For Flourishing of the Teachings); and the Prayer To Take Birth In Sukhavati, just like the tradition of the Great Prayer Festival of Lhasa. As requested by His Holiness, I also presided over deciding the year’s Lharampa Geshe examinations. 

 	The day of the full moon, before the Bodhi Tree we performed Sojong (monastic confession) at the proper time and I gave Bodhisattva vows to a large gathering of lay and ordained people along with performing the ritual puja for generation of Bodhicitta. At the Great Stupa we 

163 Also known as The Bodhisattva’s Way of Life, a very famous text written by the Indian scholar Shantideva. 
 	
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made the thousand offerings and made distributions of offerings to the Sangha. After well completing all of these fortunate activities I returned to Dharamsala. 

 	On the eighth day of the fourth Tibetan month, for ten days His Holiness the Dalai Lama gave all of the permitted empowerments of the sadhanas of the Zurka Gyatsa assembly of Deities. 

 	After that I gave Five-Deity and Body-Mandala Initiations of Ghandapa system Heruka Chakrasamvara to a gathering including Ladag Bakula Rinpoche. 

 	In the sixth Tibetan month we left Dharamsala for Darjeeling Sunadha where I stayed for about two months, there seeing Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, Dromo Rinpoche, Minling Tri Rinpoche, and Kyabje Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche and again visited Ling Rinpoche where he was staying at Goom Monastery. 

 	At the Sunadha Temple we used offerings we had received to build a new statue of the Great Compassionate One and filled it with very valuable blessed objects such as the hair and clothing of many holy beings of India and Tibet. We performed the eye-opening and consecration ritual ceremonies. For two days, I gave permitted empowerment of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms and the Drubgyel system long-life initiation to about seven hundred lay and ordained people. 

 	On the twenty-fifth day of the eighth month, the life pillar of the Practice Lineage Karmapa Rinpoche at Tsurpu sent messengers to escort me and I went to Gangtog Rumtek Monastery. For five days I had all day long to visit in a relaxed manner with Rinpoche. Beginning with present and past news, we had frank discussions on the teachings. After making distribution of offerings to the Sangha I went to the Sadu residence in Kabug. 

 	At the request of the Lhasa resident Sonam Chöpel at Tharpa Chöling Monastery I gave the four initiation blessing of Vajrayogini to a quite large gathering, and at Dorjechang Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche’s request I gave the Ghandapa system Body-mandala great initiation of Heruka Chakrasamvara to about ninety Sangha including Chogtrul Rinpoche himself and Domo Geshe Rinpoche. Then, for seventeen days, at Kyabje Chogtrul Rinpoche’s behest, at the Sadu estate I gave extensive profound commentary on the generation and completion stages of Ghantapa Body Mandala to fifty-eight aspirants who committed to reciting the sadhana every day. 

 	Roots of virtue of the deceased Chatreng Kangsar Yeshe Nyima and the Kabug association sponsored two conferrals of the initiation of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From Lower Realms which I gave to about two thousand people. Sadu Gyurme-la requested and I gave to 132 people who committed to doing daily sadhana practice and retreat, initiation and commentary on Vajrayogini generation and completion stage. It took eight days starting from the tenth day of the tenth month. The day of Ganden Ngamchö, at the Kabug Tranghol assembly hall, requested by the English monk Sangharakshita, I went to a ceremony commemorating Je Tsongkhapa’s anniversary celebration day with Lamas of the Sakya, Gelug, Kagyu, and Nyingma and many male and female lay and ordained Dharma practitioners. I spoke on the great qualities of the three secrets of Je Tsongkhapa and gave a commentary on the special distinguishing qualities of teaching and practice in the Ganden tradition. 

 	In the eleventh month, after doing retreat in Dharamsala where His Holiness was present, I gave Vajrayogini initiation to Yutog Lhacham Dorje Yudron and a few people and I gave the Kyergang system great initiation of secret Hayagriva to a group including the medium of the Nechung Oracle. To Ganden Shartse Zemey Rinpoche privately, I gave explanation of Lamrim Chenmo  with the four sets of notes of commentary, beginning then and continuing intermittently until it was finished. 

 	In 1962, when I was sixty-two, Nalenda Monastery’s Kyabje Zimog Dorjechang came to Dharamsala. I went to meet him and he happily and freely gave me heart advice. Dorjechang Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche also came to Dharamsala to do retreat, and I made arrangements for him and his entourage to stay at my residence and provided for their needs. 

 	I gave novice and monk ordination to thirty-seven road monks who were working on the road in the Champa area. I also gave Gyalchen Dorje Shugden life entrustment jenang to Bobo Sumtzong Lama and Tö Zhungru Lama. I gave Zhungru Lama instructions on the avadhuti completion stage practice of Vajrayogini. I also gave instructions requested by the head official Samkarwa, Tsedrung Jampa Wangdü, Töpa Tamdrin Tsering, successively, for great initiation of Yamantaka Solitary Hero, Secret Hayagriva, and the jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms (Chenrezig Ngesung Kundrol). 

 	In that same year, His Holiness the Dalai Lama requested that I give the great initiation of Ghantapa Body-Mandala Heruka Chakrasamvara with the preliminary day. For seventeen days at his Podrang residence, I gave His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Dragyab Rinpoche, Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche, the ritual masters, abbots, and assistants and Zemey Rinpoche, a commentary on the generation and completion stage practice of Chakrasamvara Body Mandala and the Six Yogas of Naropa. 

 	After that, as requested by Chushur Samkarwa’s brother, I gave great initiation of Solitary Hero Yamantaka and the four initiation blessing of Vajrayogini to about thirty lamas including Sera Mey Kenzur Ngawang Dragpa. I gave commentary on Ganden Lhagyema. To fourteen monks from Dalhousie, four people from Ngari Zangskar, and Chagnang Lhawang Tsering, I gave novice ordinations. 

 	Invited and requested by the Spiti Kyil Monastery general assembly, I left Dharamsala in the middle of that year and, traveled through Mandi, Kulu, Manali, the Radrang pass, and Charlithang. Upon arriving at the ‘Losel’ villages community monastery, we spent the night at their temple which had been prepared as my residence. From Charlithang to Kyil Monastery, my entourage and I traveled by mounted escort from Lochen Labrang. The day we arrived at Losel, we suddenly encountered a jeep at a turn on a mountain road. Surprised, our horses almost bolted. We had to dismount quickly and I sprained my right ankle. It became painfully swollen. I saw a doctor, Tashi Gonpo at Spiti, and had to stay put for seven days. During that time I gave teachings to a vast number of local people on the Six-Syllable Mantra164, refuge, and transmission of mantras such as Tara’s mantra. 

 	When the sprain was somewhat improved, I left Losel and traveled through Chikem, Kyilbar, and so forth. In each village we encountered, I would spend a day there, giving teachings and long-life initiations, as well as teachings on refuge, transmission of the Six-Syllable Mantra, and so forth, making Dharma connections. The journey from Losel up to Kyil Monastery was less than comfortable. We were on horseback but I couldn’t put my sprained ankle in the stirrup. I had to keep my right leg bent back up across the saddle and keep my left foot in the stirrup. Having to ride in this posture, right leg bent and left extended, was extremely exhausting. 

 	Later that month, we arrived at Norbu Gepel Spiti Kyil Monastery, seat of Tashi Lhunpo Yongzin Lochen Rinpoche. For the residents, Sangha from Dragkar Monastery and Tagmo Monastery, and a large number of lay and ordained people from the area, I gave commentary on Yonten Shigyurma, Foundation Of All Realizations. For the Sangha I gave Thirteen Deity Yamantaka great initiation, Guhyasamaja Arya system Akshobyavajra great initiation, Medicine 
Buddha, Mahakala and Dharmaraja, Palden Lhamo, Vaishravana and Chamsing jenangs. I gave novice ordination to about ten monks. 

 	For over a thousand people who lived in the region surrounding the monastery, I gave great initiation of the Great Compassionate One165 and long-life initiation of the Drubgyal Siddhiraja System, teachings on refuge, transmission of Six-Syllable Mantra, and so forth. At Lochen Rinpoche’s residence, for a few aspirants I gave Vajrayogini Four Initiation Blessing, thus fulfilling all varied individual and communal requests. Thanks to Doctor Tashi Gonpo’s treatment, on the way back I did not have to sit with my right leg bent-left extended posture. 

 	I learnt that monks from some regional monasteries had become intoxicated drinking at monastic gatherings and funerary rites, and had periodically offered meat slaughtered to try to help the local people’s crops and clear conditions for sickness. In doing so, they were following the harmful philosophies of non-Buddhist and Bon practices of offering sacrifices before local 

164 The mantra of Avalokitesvara (Tib.: Chenrezig) OM MANI PADME HUM 
165 Avalokitesvara (Tib.: Chenrezig) 
 	
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deities166. I taught them about how they would have to experience painful results in future lives, quoting from the Buddha’s Sutras and Vinaya scriptures and narrating illustrative stories from the past. Along with giving them this extensive explanation, they were taught that giving up such practices henceforth would be very auspicious. Thus I urged them strongly with Dharmic advice. 

 	Because of this, each monastery committed to henceforth keeping tight restrictions against drinking alcohol and to stop making animal sacrifices; and they promised to practice according to holy Dharma and the three base rituals of monastic life as intended by Buddha’s Vinaya scriptures. 

 	Communities in the region also committed to ceasing animal sacrifice and instead do their rituals in accordance with Dharma. Despite a good deal of difficulties, both the monastic and lay communities have kept up their commitments. For their Dharma practice, I feel that it is has been beneficial for them to have ceased the continuation of harmful deeds and my rejoicing for them can only increase. 

 	In a long-life ceremony for me sponsored by Spiti Kyil Monastery I was offered seven thousand Indian rupees which I immediately offered back. They insisted on me keeping five hundred rupees which I donated to support as capital to support the yearly summer retreat of the Sangha. 

 	The return journey from Kyil Monastery took us through Korig, Kyiltro, Losel, Chatul until we arrived at Manali. There, I gave Siddhiraja long-life initiation to vast gathering of local people, and gave teachings on refuge and transmission of the Six-Syllable Mantra. Just over one month after we first left Dharamsala, we finally arrived back and on my return, His Holiness the Dalai Lama came immediately to my room and greeted me. He enquired about my leg and the situation in Spiti and we had a relaxed meeting. 

 	In the first week of the following month, with Dragyab Chetsang Rinpoche, I began the second chapter of the textbook on poetic verse. 

 	One day, I went to Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche’s room where he offered me a khatak and presents. Among these gifts was a prayer that he had composed to my line of incarnations which he presented to me with verbal requests for my long life. I offered khatak to Rinpoche for his long life as well. 

 	Requested by Namdra Kuzhab Chödrag-la, for the Namdra Sangha and some lamas and tulkus such as Dragyab Rinpoche, Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche and Zemey Rinpoche, I gave reading transmission from the Namdra Ngagchog (monastic mantra) ritual text of all that accorded with the Tashi Lhunpo mantra ritual. This took four days. 

 	Following this, I also gave Yamantaka Ngagtu  jenang – jenang for the practice to accomplish the Yidam Deity’s root mantra to Gyume Tantric College’s abbot who came especially from Dalhousie for it, and twenty one monks. I also gave them reading transmission for the three Chagkar torma167 offering rituals of the Gyume tradition and wrathful fire puja; the site rituals for the self-generation, front-generation, and vase accomplishment rituals of Guhyasamaja, Heruka, and Yamantaka and their fire pujas; and the ritual for suppression of ‘ Si’ spirits in reliance upon Dharmaraja called Meru168 of Stacked Vajra Mountains.

 	In connection with His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s instructions, the mediums for the Nechung oracle and Gadong oracle were having two tangkas made: the life wheel of the five families of the principal Protector Trinle Gyalpo, and the life wheel of the five families with Yonten Gyalpo as the principal. Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I asked if we should make them to offer. 

 	Previously at the Norbulingka, an embroidered fully qualified tangka of the five families had been newly made for His Holiness the Dalai Lama as one of the holy objects that he always kept inseparably with him. When we left, it had not been convenient to think of bringing it so we received the instruction that it would be better to have a smaller one. Therefore, we had canvas 

166 Reliance upon unenlightened beings such as local deities is considered harmful as such beings still possess the same delusions and afflictive emotions as humans. 
167 Offerings of food in Buddhist rituals. 
168 Mount Meru simultaneously represents the centre of the universe and the single-pointedness of mind. 
 	
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drawn with Guru Rinpoche and the five Kings169 including Ngadag Nyang, Chöwang, Longchen and so forth, anointing it with samaya170 blessing substances, and blessing the paints. The monk painter generated himself as the Protector Deity Trinle Wangyal and drew the designs. After that, the syllable marking the places, placement of mantric circles and so forth was all done according to the tradition. After all of the embroidery patchwork had been finished, we had the senior ritual assistants write the life mantra garlands on the back of the tangka. 
 	
 	Later that year, we traveled from Dharamsala to Bodhgaya. There, with Ganden Shartse Zong Rinpoche and other monks, we performed the Si  spirit suppression rituals as requested by the government. During the same period we had a comfortable relaxed time for study discussion together. 
 	
 	At the request of Drepung Loseling Trehor Kangyur Chogtrul Rinpoche, to a gathering of about two hundred lay and ordained led by the lamas, tulkus, and Sangha, I gave the Vajrayogini sinkhura blessing. At the monastery, along with providing service and distribution of offerings, I made an extensive ‘Thousands’ offering at the precious stupa. 

 	Then, as requested by Bodhgaya monk Amdo Drogpa Jinpa, for over four hundred people including the Sangha and pilgrims, I gave commentary on Kyabchog Dorjechang’s restricted commentary on Ganden Lhagyema and Six-session Guru Yoga. Then we went on pilgrimage to Vulture’s Peak and Nalanda Monastery before we travelled to Varanasi where we were greeted by the Tibetan Lamas, Tulkus, and Geshes at the Sanskrit University. Whilst there, I took a residence at the Sarnath Mahabodhi guesthouse. At the request of the administrator Gelong Thubten Jungne I gave a consecration for Dögu Kyilway Näten Monastery and, before the Paranirvana Stupa, we invited Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and made an extensive ‘Thousands’ offering. 

 	Requested by Drepung Gobo Geshe Kyenrab Zöpa and Lhasa’s Jamyang Kyil’s manager and his family, I gave the Sindhura blessing of Vajrayogini. About two hundred people received this in the Ladak School building, including ex-abbot of Drepung Loseling Gyälrong Kensur Jampel Sampel, the abbot of Shagkor Para Nyima Gyaltsan, other abbots, lamas, Sangha and lay men and women. 

 	I went on pilgrimage to Kushinagar and made offerings there. At the wishes of Chatreng’s Pechug Göbu, in the large Sarnath temple, for about five hundred lay and ordained people, I gave jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms. At the Varanasi Tibetan Monastery, Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche came especially to make offering from the Tibetan government with auspicious long-life ritual and Ganachakra for my long life. 

 	It was 1963 when I was sixty-three, and on the third day of the year we left Varanasi for Dharamsala. As soon as I arrived there I went to bow at the lotus feet of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Starting from the tenth of the month I gave His Holiness a reading transmission of the collected works of Je Tsongkhapa starting, for sake of auspiciousness, with the Short Lamrim. This was considered sufficient because I had already previously given him transmission of Lamrim Chenmo in Lhasa. Starting from that day onwards, the Dalai Lama and my own schedule, with a few days exception, included the daily continuance of the oral transmission. For some of the collected works, the main paths to enlightenment and the root downfalls of Tantra, I gave explanatory commentary on the basis of the Twenty Vows root text and the Summary Of The Root and Secondary Tantric Vows, Bodhisattva Vows by Panglung Lozang Tugje, with the three sets of notes on the root Tantric vows to thus serve the dual purposes171. 

 	On the twenty-second and twenty-third we took a break from the transmission for me to give Secret Hayagriva two-day great initiation to about fifty Sangha, lamas and tulkus. In the group were also eight Gyume Tantric College Hayagriva retreatant monks who had come especially from Dalhousie for the purpose, as well as Ladak Rizong Tulku, the ex-abbot of Gyume and so forth. 
 	
169 The Five Terton Kings, who were particularly important discoverers of ancient texts or termas. Termas are key Tibetan Buddhist texts hidden by adepts, to be discovered in the future during auspicious times. 
170 The set of vows or precepts transmitted from teacher to student during a Vajrayana Buddhist ceremony, thereby forming a guru-disciple relationship. 
171 Of transmission of the text and the vows. 
 	
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 	When I was giving His Holiness the Dalai Lama the reading transmission of Je Tsongkhapa’s twenty-one short writings on Guhyasamaja I also gave him a number of other transmissions172. 
 	When I had almost finished the transmission of Je Tsongkhapa’s collected works except for Legshe Sertreng – (The Golden Garland of Eloquence) and Root Wisdom Great Commentary, I offered the Dalai Lama the additional transmission of other portions of the Tengyur including Nagarjuna and his disciples’ writings on the five stages of completion stage of Guhyasamaja, with the Brief Teachings173, Mixed Sutras174, Stages of Presentation175, Commentary on Bodhicitta, Twenty Mandala Rituals, and Illumination of Union176. 

 	A few weeks later, Kyabje Zimog Dorjechang was unwell and I went there to make prayers and perform services for his life. 

 	We were fortunate to have Dromo Chogtrul Rinpoche send us many Tibetan volumes of various needed texts such as the complete collected works of Gungtang Tenpay Dronme. Receiving them from Kabug was a joyful event. 

 	On the first day of the following month I gave Mahayana precepts to twenty-one lay and ordained people doing Nyungne 177. I went to Spiti to see Doctor Tashi Gonpo and on the way back, in connection with requests in a letter to the abbot of Dongkyil Monastery, Kachen Logyal-la, I wrote a new ritual. It was for the healing of sickness and the success of harvests that did not require killing of goats or sheep. Instead, the ritual required the use of dough shaped into the form of an animal or person as a substitute, and sent it to be taught in each of the regions in question. 

 	That month, Kyabje Zimog Dorjechang Jetsun Jampa Ngawang Kunga Tenzin Trinle, the glorious and supreme’s sickness worsened. Like a lamp whose fuel has run out, he exhibited his final deed and left for Akanishta Kechari. I performed offerings for his passing, and made the practice offerings of Vajrayogini Mandala. I also made prayers for the swift return of his supreme incarnation to complete his intention to liberate beings, made prayers to be cared for by him in all lifetimes; I also composed a written prayer for his swift return. 

 	Due to the disturbances with the Red Chinese, a number of tangkas had been left behind in Lhasa upon our departure. Amongst these were a tangka of Wrathful Gyalchen Dorje Shugden principal and entourage, made in Domo in the year of the iron tiger with the intention of being offered at some point. Also left in Lhasa was a tangka of Yamantaka that I displayed when making the once-a-year torma offering in my room, along with the tangkas of a number of Protectors such as Mahakala, Dharmaraja, and Palden Lhamo that had been painted during the time of my previous incarnation. 

 	The tangka of the five families of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden had come to the hand of Dromo Chogtrul Rinpoche about two years after the uprising and this he had brought to India. When it finally came to my own hands, it was without the slightest harm or defect. I took as a definite sign in itself that I was always being supported inseparably by Dharmapala’s deeds. 
 	
 	Towards the end of the fifth month, I performed elaborate Kangso and Ganchakra offerings. 

 	During this time, a man happened to arrive with two cast statues of Je Tsongkhapa and a finest quality old one volume Lamrim Chenmo for me, manifesting extremely auspicious signs. 

 	Two months later, I gave His Holiness the Dalai Lama a reading transmission of the two collections of the Bikshu’s Pratimoksha Sutra. After that, for all the Namgyal Dratsang monks, I gave the jenang of Lhamo Magzorma and the reading transmission of Tuken’s Torma Harm-

172 These include Samayavajra recitation and commentary on Zaje Kadro Fire Puja. When giving the reading transmission of the Zamatog-Basket-sadhana of Thirteen Deity Yamantaka I did it according to Kyabje Pabongka’s tradition with torma offerings to the supramundane and worldly deities, and the four-fold explanation with “decisiveness” and so forth. I also gave him an experiential commentary on the generation and completion stages at the same time. 
173 mdor byas 
174 mdo bsre 
175 rnam gzhag rim pa 
176 zung ‘jug gsal wa 
177 Nyungne is a practice designed to purify negative karma and accumulate merit and wisdom. 
 	
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Averting Ritual. Later that same month, for one week, I went to be the vajra master to institute a retreat178. 

 	At the request of both Gyutö and Gyume college, and following the wishes of His Holiness the Dalai Lama as well, I left for Dalhousie towards the end of the year. I arrived to an elaborate welcome of lamas, tulkus, and Sangha of the three monastic seats. Also present were the tantric monks of Gyutö and Gyume and those of various Dharma traditions, lay and ordained public and Tibetan schoolchildren. 

 	The following day, I visited each of the Tantric colleges residence buildings. Invited by the Sangha of Ganden Shartse, I went to the residence area where I made an offering distribution with about ninety Sangha members. I made an offering to all of a tangka of Je Tsongkhapa and his two disciples. 

 	On the trip I also made brief side visits to Drepung Loseling and the site of the residence of Gendun Gyatso at Sera Jey. A tent was pitched in back of the residence area on a wide field as a gathering place for all of the Sangha of the two Tantric colleges, Drepung’s Trehor Geshe Kyorpon Tsewang Norbu Rinpoche, the abbots of the monastic seats, lamas, tulkus, Sangha and students of all lineages without partisanship. Over two days, to these approximately seven hundred people, I gave the preliminary and actual initiation of the Arya Nagarjuna’s system Akshobyavajra[Guhyasamaja]. I went to Gyutö’s residence area where they were building a new three-dimensional Guhyasamaja mandala. I offered a few needed corrections. 

 	At the site of the primarily Kagyu Monastery that was to be built, I gave reading transmission of Uma Gyan179, advice on visualizations of the Samantabhadra Prayer, and made distribution of offerings to the monks. In attendance at this teaching, which was done at the request of Karmapa Rinpoche and Mimisab Pikra Bhikri, were Taglung Matrul Rinpoche, Kamtrul Rinpoche and the monks of the monastery. 

 	After this, I visited a school for young lamas and tulkus of all traditions. Located in Kelasha, it was sponsored by Mimisab and, in connection with a general distribution of offerings, I exhorted them about the need for proper Dharma conduct. I went to each of the residences the Tibetan government had established for young male and female students where, along with advising them about the need for study and ethical conduct, I made a symbolic gift to all of the students. 

 	At Okasi, for about three hundred and thirty Sangha of the three monastic seats and other Dharma lineages, and Sangha of the two tantric colleges, I offered service and a distribution of offerings. For both the lay and ordained Tibetan I gave jenang of Avalokitevara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms and Siddhiraja system long-life initiation. For a public assembly I gave, following the traditions of both Tantric colleges, Six-armed Mahakala and outer Dharmaraja jenangs. 

 	For all of the lay and ordained people I gave a great deal of advice to remember the 
kindness of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and properly follow his wishes in regards to what to adopt and abandon in all spiritual and worldly activities. Auspicious circumstances ripened with the lay and ordained people at Okasi, who offered a long life ritual with Guru Puja  and Ganachakra for my long life. They made an offering of money that I offered back. After the ceremonies at Dalhousie, late in the month, I arrived back at Dharamsala to joyful greetings of the lay and ordained public. 

 	In the ninth month, at the Dalai Lama’s palace, His Holiness headed a service to accomplish the Dharma Protectors ritual for ‘protection from weapons when engaging in war’. Participating in the ritual to accomplish hundreds of thousands of accumulations for welfare of all temporal and spiritual affairs were non-partisan participants of the Sakya, Gelug, Kagyu, Nyingma, and Bon traditions. The meeting went on for five days. At that time I met such Lamas as Sakya Dagchen Tri Rinpoche, Karmapa Rinpoche, the Bhutanese Dechen Chökor’s Chögön Rinpoche, Nyingma 178 This retreat was for preliminaries and accomplishment of the Lhamo Torma Averting-Ritual. At the conclusion, I accomplished the Zor torma throwing activity. 
 	
179 Ornament Of Madyamaka. 
 	
 	130
 	
 	Düjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche, Kagyu Kalu Rinpoche and others who were present. I also went for a photograph to be taken with the Sakya Lama and Karmapa Rinpoche.
 
 	On the twenty-eighth all of the Dharma centres together offered long-life puja for His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Just after it commenced, Kyentse Rinpoche gave an extensive explanation of the mandala composed in the manner of the Nyingma Tantras and Having Five Perfect Qualities. Although I think of myself as being tall, Kyentse Rinpoche was so large, both in height and breadth, that I felt small. 

 	Some of the Dharma traditions together also offered long-life puja with Ganachakra for me. I returned all of their offerings except a symbolic khatak. I also arranged a meal for all of the lamas who came. 

 	Later in the year, I offered His Holiness the Dalai Lama a reading transmission of Je Tsongkhapa’s Great Commentary on Nagarjuna’s Root Wisdom  and  Golden Garland of Eloquence. 

 	After that, requested by Sitsab Dekarwa, Gyume Samten and Lodrö, I gave Vajrayogini Sindhura Blessing to about one hundred and forty people, including Dragyab Rinpoche, Nalanda Chogyä Trichen Rinpoche and other Lamas, Tulkus, and Geshes, the Namgyal Dratsang Sangha and various other lay and ordained people. Then, for about a hundred and fifteen people who committed to daily practice of the sadhana and retreat I gave eight days of commentary on the two stages and also offered them the Ngagtu180 jenang as well. When that was over I gave His Holiness the Dalai Lama an experiential commentary on the Profound Path Of Guru Puja, on the basis of the root text composed by the Panchen Losang Chökyi Gyältsän. This was combined with Yongzin Yeshe Gyältsän’s great written commentary. I then gave him experiential commentary on Ganden Mahamudra on the basis of Panchen Chögyän’s Root Mahamudra text in conjunction with his own commentary the Illuminating Lamp. 

 	During the course of that I also gave jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From the Lower Realms to Trehor Dargön Losang Sönam and ordination vows to three others, including Chatreng Jungnä. To Dotse from the Chamdo region, I gave White Manjusri Jenang and commentary on the uncommon inconceivable yoga of Vajrayogini. For five disciples of Drugpa Tsechu Tulku from Nepal I gave ordination vows. 

 	At the beginning of the eleventh month, I left Dharamsala and assembled with the Sarnath Sangha at the Ram Guest House. After offering Ganachakra and thousands of offerings before the Precious Stupa and making prostrations and circumambulation for a number of days, I left for Bodhgaya where I met Kyabje Yongzin Lingtrul Dorjechang. At the wishes of Ladak Lozang Tashi I gave consecration to a Tibetan Monastery newly constructed at the site of Buddha’s six years of austerities181. 

 	On the twenty-fifth I used my offerings I had received to make distribution of offerings and service for the Sangha that was at Bodhgaya. I also offered extensive long-life puja for Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche by means of Heruka Chakrasamvara Guru Puja  with Dakini Long-life Ritual and prayed for his life and step to remain as firm and stable as the element of the swastika. 182

 	That evening, together with Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, I performed the practice offerings of Vajrayogini Mandala. Ladak Lama Ngawang Samtän sponsored an auspicious long-life ceremony for me. After that I left for Sarnath. The administrator of the Tibetan Monastery the Gelugpa Tubtän Jungnä had done a ritual for stable longevity with Guru Puja Ganachakra. I made distribution of offerings to the Monastery’s Sangha and offered contributions for the construction of statues and tangkas. 
 	
180 Ngagtu - Mantra Accomplishing 
181 For six years, after receiving wrong advice, Buddha Shakyamuni practised fasting, which was thought to be one of the best ways to acquire wisdom. In spite of great suffering, he did not achieve wisdom. After six years, he realized that torturing his body was not the way to enlightenment, and abandoned his fast to set on the Middle Path. 
182 Called yung drung in ancient Tibet, the swastika was a graphical representation of eternity, and is currently used in Buddhist art to represent dharma, universal harmony, and the balance of opposites. 
 	
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 	At the urging of Chamdo Gyara Rinpoche I composed a new secret biography prayer to the great Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa. At the Sarnath Tibetan Monastery, as requested by Mänzurwa’s wife, I gave the great two day initiation of Ghandapa Five Deity Heruka to a large gathering of lay and ordained people. Then I also gave the Four Initiation Sindhura Blessing of Vajrayogini. 

 	At the request of Amdo Jinpa Gyatso I gave reading transmission of Ganden Lhagyema, Atisha’s Lamp On The Path, and many other texts. Ngamring Gelong Gyältsän requested Chittamani Tara common torma initiation and uncommon Body Mandala four initiation blessing. 

 	At the wish of Ratö Nyerzur Thubtän Ngawang I gave commentary on Six-Session Guru Yoga and for Chamdo Gelong Purtse Getsa I gave jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms, thus fulfilling each of their aims. 
 	
 	When I was sixty-four in 1964, on twenty-sixth of February, I left Varanasi and returned to Dharamsala. I had been requested for a history of the Chatreng Monastery region and, although I did not have extremely detailed knowledge of the area, managed to compose a brief account. For eight days, at the command of His Holiness the Dalai Lama I performed a series of elaborate offerings and gave extensive teachings183. Consequently, for two days I gave His Holiness the Dalai Lama reading transmission of the Eight-Thousand Verse Prajnaparamita Sutra. At its conclusion, I began offering him the transmission of the four combined commentaries on Lamrim Chenmo which we continued until we completed the general discussion of the Bodhisattva conduct, when we took a temporary break. 
 	
 	After that, requested by the attendant of Tö Rutog’s abbot, I gave the great two-day initiation of solitary Hero Yamantaka to twenty five people including the Rutog abbot and some Sangha who were permanent residents of Lhasa. This was followed by a series of transmissions for some close attendants of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, as well as ordained and lay officials184. 

 	Then, for the long life of Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche I did seven days of averting ritual by means of Secret Hayagriva. There were excellent signs of obstacles to his life being averted. 

 	When this session was over, I again continued offering His Holiness the Dalai Lama the Four Combined Commentary Explanation of Lamrim Chenmo, starting with the last part on how to train in the final two perfections in particular. This lasted until the beginning of the following month. 

 	After that for a number of days I gave a class combining the root grammar text and the Tree Of Eloquence for the abbots of the three monastic seats who had come from Buxa. Although they could understand very easily because they were all learned abbots and geshes, since we did not do the exercises for utilizing metaphors, I cannot really say whether we completed the teaching or not. 

 	The Ganden Shartse abbot returned to Buxa and offered to Dong Dratsang a Guru Tree tangka and a tangka for Confession of Downfalls. He also sent an offering of Bhana brocade for initiation objects with mantra ties and many cloth laps of red, yellow, and blue. 
 	
 	For maintenance of spiritual and temporal affairs, I went for three weeks to join the Namgyäl Dratsang monks in doing kangso, exhortation, and mantra recitation of Palden Lhamo, the Twelve Tänma, Pehar’s Five Families, and Dorje Shugden. 

 	Towards the end of the year, for three days and at the wishes of Kazur Shänkawa, I offered a commentary on the Mind Training Wheel Of Sharp Weapons. After that, I left Dharamsala for Bodhgaya and while staying there for one month I strove in virtuous activities of prostration, circumambulation and so forth. At the wishes of the merchant Jampa-la from Kata I gave 183 These include for offerings for the Twelve Tänma Protectors of Tibet together with all of the monks of Namgyäl Dratsang. After that I offered common White Tara and uncommon ‘Single Gathering’jenangsjenangs to the entire assembly of Namgyäl Dratsang and also gave a commentary on White Tara Long-life Practice. 

184 I cut the hair of Tsechog Ling’s Tulku and gave him transmission of Ganden Lhagyema. At the request of Chatreng Dragpa Adrag I gave the Vajrayogini Sindhura Blessing. As instructed by Kuchar Chöpön Chenpo, for some of the close attendants of His Holiness, I gave the general Je Tsongkhapa Three-Lineage jenang. For Näpo Ngödrub’s family I gave Long-life White Tara initiation and the jenang of Vajrapani Three Combined Wrathful Ones. 
 	
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 	Siddhiraja system Long-life initiation to about six hundred people at the foot of the Bodhi tree and also gave the Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms jenang. 

 	I also made offerings at the Tibetan Monastery in Bodhgaya and made extensive thousand-offerings before the Great Stupa to which I invited Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche. On the latter of two-‘second days’185 of the eleventh month I left Bodhgaya for Varanasi and stayed at the Tibetan Monastery. The Tibetan Monastery had made a new statue of Buddha Shakyamuni to be the main sacred object of the temple. I accomplished and performed the rituals for offering blessed substances into the statue from authentic sources, including sacred relics from Buddha, pandits and yogis of all traditions without partisanship. 

 	This was followed by twenty-two days of experiential Lamrim commentary based on the Delam Lamrim combined with Namdrol Lagchang - Liberation In The Palm Of Our Hands. Given at the request of the Mongolian Tulku Guru Deva Rinpoche as well as Pagri Lachi Jolag, Serkang Ama, and Dragyab Nyerzur Tubtän Chöjor, the commentary was given in Shädrub Dögu Kyil’s assembly hall, for some eight hundred people in all186. 

 	In continuation, with the same sponsor, requested by Chamdo Dotse and Tsawa Rongpa Dampa Lodrö, for five days I gave commentary on Lama Chöpa, using the root text and Tsechog Ling Kachen Yeshe Gyältsän’s Great Commentary. 

 	Up to the conclusion, with the Bodhicitta Puja, although I had not the slightest accomplishment of practice to show, thinking of myself as an ass dressed up in leopard-skin, I still put aside all weariness and acted as if I were a teacher. I was amazingly fortunate to even have the opportunity to offer my ‘song and dance’ of teaching Dharma in this place where Buddha himself had taught. Need I mention my fortune to be teaching the essence of all the scriptures, the great path of all the Sugatas, the oral instructions of the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment, in the midst of such an assembly of learned scholars? 

 	At the request of Tsawa Rongpa Achen I also gave Je Tsongkhapa Long-Life Initiation - the Je Tse Tzin Ma - and Vajrapani Three Combined Wrathful Ones jenang. 

 	It was late that year when I left Varanasi for Delhi. At the Ladak Buddhist Temple, to a quite large public gathering I gave White Tara Long-Life Initiation and jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Frees From The Lower Realms .  I also performed a consecration of the temple with chanting. 

 	These were done at the request of the Ladaki Lama Lozang. 

 	At the end of the week, invited by the patron Sadu Gyurme-la, I left Delhi for Bopal Sihore. There, at the benefactor’s request, I gave the Blessing of the Four Initiations of Vajrayogini to about ten people. Then, to paper factory workers, I gave Siddhiraja System Long-Life Initiation.
 
 	When I was sixty-five, western calendar year of 1965, on the ninth of March, I left Silhore and went to Dharamsala by way of Delhi. Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche had come to my residence in Dharamsala to check his medicines and to receive teachings, during which time I continuously offered him elaborate service. 
 	
 	The following day, I went into His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s presence and enjoyed the wonder of seeing his face. In connection with performing the ritual of Deathless Five-Deity Amitayus of Tagpu Rinpoche’s vision, I participated in extensive “stopping the dakinis’ invitation” 
 	Long-Life Ritual for His Holiness the Dalai Lama sponsored by the Tibetan government. 
 	
 	The actual ceremony for Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche to take the throne of the second Buddha Manjushri Tsongkhapa was held at Bodhgaya. I also went and made offerings of a mandala and representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind, a Pandit’s hat, a bouquet of roses and so forth. On the sixteenth, we performed a ceremony for Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche’s first meeting in Dharamsala with His Holiness in that capacity. In the presence of His Holiness, I again came and made the auspicious offerings of the enlightened body, speech, and 

185 The Tibetan calendar, for certain astrological reasons, sometimes omits a certain numbered day or includes two of a particular numbered day. There seems to have been to 2nd days of that month in the calendar created by the astrologers that year, and Kyabje Rinpoche is indicating that he left on the second of those. 
186 This included abbots, lamas and tulkus, geshes and students of the three great monastic seats who had come from all different directions especially to listen to Dharma, as well as for some of the pilgrims. 
 	
 	133
 	
mind; the longest khatak in existence, as a sign of the increase of inner qualities and enlightening influence; and a biography of Je Tsongkhapa, Gateway of the Faithful, to represent the position to which he was rising. The next day Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, now as the Ganden Tripa, came to my residence and bestowed on me representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind, khatak and other gifts. 

 	From the eighth day of the second month that lasted for three days as instructed by His Holiness, a gathering was held on the field of Mokrimahol that included lay and ordained ministers of our government, Lamas, Tulkus abbots and monks from the three monastic seats, two tantric colleges, and from all the different lineages coming from all directions. They came to listen to an extensive detailed commentary on how to put the Seven Points Of Mind Training and Eight Verses Of Mind Training into actual practice that I gave. 

 	From about the twentieth, my attendant Lhabu had an imbalance of bile and began to feel sick and so I sponsored the great assembly of Sangha at Buxa, both Shartse and Jangtse Colleges of Ganden Monastery, the Gyuto and Gyume Tantric Colleges in Dalhousie to do pujas for him. 

 	On the day of the twenty-fourth, at the wishes of Kyabje Dorjechang Chogtrul Rinpoche, I began giving Nartang Gyatsa - a collection of Deity jenangs of the Kadampa Lamas in lineage from glorious Lord Atisha. This is a compilation which was first assembled by Nartangpa Chim Namka Drag, to twelve Lamas, Tulkus, and monks including Rinpoche, himself, Dragyab Rinpoche, Ratö Cubar Rinpoche, and Zemey Rinpoche. That day I gave twelve of the jenangs and on the twenty-fifth I gave twelve more. That night, my dear close attendant Lhabu, died of natural causes. That guileless man who had been my companion from the time when I was nine and he was in his teens, up until the age of turning sixty-six that year. He stood by me with forbearance through every circumstance, through good times and bad. He was someone who, with single-minded altruism, put all of Buddha’s teachings that he could understand into practice. 

 	Unfortunately there was no treatment or puja that could avert it, as his senses started to fade, with my best virtuous intentions, I recited the names of the Buddhas and profound mantra dharanis into his ear. He himself had always persevered in prayers and recitations. Because he had hardly any concepts of attachment and aversion, he had no prejudice, fears or expectations at all. That night, in a virtuous and relaxed state of mind, at eleven thirty, demonstrating the lack of permanence in compounded phenomena, he embarked on the great highway that we call death. As is said in the Jataka Tales: 
 	
 	Loved one who have been long together 
 	Are parted from each other by death, 
 	Causing great anguish to arise. 
 	In this perishable world, death is certain. 

 	As expressed in those lines, although it was very painful, I performed Powa–transference of consciousness–and performed all of the prayers that I knew. For the next forty-nine days I did pujas such as Jangchog ( Purification Ritual For The Deceased) every day. However, bestowing the remainder of the Nartang Gyatsa jenangs to the Lamas and Tulkus had to be put off for the time being. I put a lot of effort towards roots of virtue on Lhabu’s behalf, making offerings to the objects of refuge, principally His Holiness the Dalai Lama, and distributions of offerings and service to the Sangha of the three monastic seats, two tantric colleges and others in Dalhousie, and to the Sangha at Buxa. I also went and made offerings at some of the sites of pilgrimage in India and Nepal. We cremated his body on the twenty-seventh. 

 	I gave reading transmission of all of my works on Gyalchen Dorje Shugden to Sera Mey ex-abbot Kensur Ngawang Dragpa including the way of making bases of the Protector, thread construction ritual, fire pujas, and so forth. On the twenty-eighth of the third month, at the request of Tsawa Rongpa Dampa Lodrö, for about three hundred people I gave Mahayana Precepts. 
 	
 	134
 	
 	At the beginning of the fourth month, Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche intended to again perform retreat of Akshobyavajra Guhyasamaja, and he told me that I must give him initiation again. Accordingly, I privately gave Rinpoche the two-day great initiation of Guhyasamaja. 

 	The full-moon day of the fourth month coincided with the forty-ninth day since my attendant had passed away. I invited His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Ganden Tripa Ling Rinpoche to the assembly at the monastery and with all of the monks of Namgyal Dratsang and all of the Lamas, Tulkus and Geshes who were permanent Dharamsala residents offered Guru Puja Ganachakra, and I provided services for the duration. Starting the next day, I performed Bone Consecration Ritual187 many times for the bones of my deceased attendant Lhabu along with some other bone remains of the sponsor Lhalu’s deceased wife, Yangtzom Tsering that had just arrived from Lhasa. At the same time I started printing images of various Deity forms such as of Achala and Avalokiteshvara. 

 	For about thirty members of the Sangha who came from Buxa, along with local resident of Lamas, Tulkus, and Geshes, we formed a group of about seventy and one day I gave the Vajrayogini Sindhura Four Initiation Blessing. 

 	On the twenty-fourth, I gave the remainder of the Nartang Gyatsa  jenangs to the group of Lamas and Tulkus mentioned before and, starting from the next day, began conferral of the set of Deity  jenangs included in the Bari Gyatsa, otherwise known as ‘ Drubtab Gyatsa’. This comes from a lineage of Lama Dorjedenpa to Bari Lotsawa. We performed them completely and this includes the reading transmission of the principal scripture. Kyabje Chogtrul Rinpoche wanted me to confer the Drubtab Gyatso jenangs, but we put it off for the time being because of not having the main scripture for it. 

 	On the third day of the sixth month, I was brought by a university in West Germany to visit Dragyab Rinpoche there as a guest and a tourist. As a parting gift I sung this little song of farewell: 

        Tied by virtuous connection of past lives’ deeds and prayers, 
        Peerless supreme guide for not one but many, 
 	Sole son of pure samaya, long nourished with Dharma 
 	Although I am going many miles away, 
 	There is no erasing the picture of this cultivated friendship:
       Undiminished, it clearly appears, fixed in my heart! 
 	The wild young eagle has completed his training, 
 	His powerful wings take him roaming through vast lands, 
 	His old father, lifting his eyebrows in hope to the sky, 
 	Makes a prayer that his good path reaches the heights! 
 	Wonderful is the spectacle of sun and moon circled by four lands 
 	Yet eclipse of the dark side’s poisonous breath is still dangerous! 
 	When the thickly-maned tigress wanders smiling in the forest, 
       The hidden archer, Shawaripa, must keep his arrow trained on her. 
 	In human paradise like heaven transported to earth, 
 	This appearance of happiness and wealth all gathered, 
 	Is a design drawn on water, more deceptive than a mirage, 
 	See how its nature is empty of essential meaning! 
 	The water wheel, battered by endless work, 
 	Without leisure, always turning, brings pain upon itself. 
 	Look at the crazy people’s drama, proud of their suffering; 
        Feeble-minded ones who go empty-handed at the time of death! 
 	Having seen the conduct in a barbarian land, devoid of Dharma, 187 Rus chhog 
       When I remember Tibet’s special qualities, endowed with Dharma, 
       And Tibetans, even an old lady waiting for food by the road, 
       It gives me more feeling of glad admiration! 
 	Cuckoos circling the medicinal tree in the southern forest, 
        Come quickly with sweet songs of total delight, 
 	While, without fruit, flowered, the old stem is withered inside; 
        Not falling, I greet you with smiling pretense of self-sufficiency. 
 	This cheerful little song of three verses, is offered, my friend 
       With warmest regards by this old man, ‘Lion of Non-Duality. 188’ 
 	A happy song of auspiciousness that I wrote myself, 
 	Friend, may you enjoy it more than all the songs of Saraswati! 

 	At one point, I wrote down some notes of the essential meaning of the root text of the Seven Point Mind Training following the Mind Training Rays of the Sun commentary as the foundation. 
 	
 	I gave an experiential commentary for seven days on the Six Yogas of Naropa to Kyabchog Dorjechang’s Chogtrul Rinpoche, three in his entourage, and his attendant Pelden, using the authentic written commentary on the Six Yogas entitled ‘ Endowed With the Three Convictions’189, and a commentary written by Trehor Nagtsang Tenpa Dargye. 
 	
 	At the request of the tangka painter Amdo Dorje, I gave a Vajrayogini Blessing to thirty aspirants. Whenever we had free time, I had relaxed meetings with Kyabje Chogtrul Rinpoche. 
When he requested, I gave him all of the instructions, initiations, transmissions, and oral instructions for practice that his previous incarnation that he had so kindly given to me. 
 	
 	On the morning of the sixth of the seventh month, His Holiness the Dalai Lama came to my room where I offered him the reading transmission of the Sampa Lhundrub (Spontaneous Fullfillment Of Wishes) Prayer of Guru Rinpoche and the Barche Lamsel (Prayer For Clearance of Obstacles on the Path). That evening when His Holiness left his residence and traveled as far as Pathankot when Pakistan attacked India so there was a danger of attack from the air and so forth. 

 	But His Holiness’s entourage did not meet with the slightest difficulty and had a comfortable trip. 
 	
 	Close to eleven o’clock on the night of the fourteenth, two bombs from Pakistani planes landed near Dharamsala killing two villagers, some livestock and wounding others. After that, for a number of days, Pakistani planes would come at night and bomb villages near Dharamsala. It created such a state of emergency that there was a curfew everywhere, including Kangra Tzong. 

 	We had to turn out the lights at night and be without the illumination of lamps, etc. and we were required to dig holes near our residences to be ready to escape into when bombs were dropped. We had to live amidst the distraction created by all of this. 

 	After quite a while, His Holiness’s representative Lozang Samten came especially from Delhi to say that it would be very good if the government ministers living in the area, the two 
tutors, and the Dalai Lama’s mother came to Delhi for the time being. Kyabje Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche was staying there temporarily so I requested him to come or stay, as he felt fit. I offered Rinpoche a silver pair of vajra and bell for practice, a silver grain container, an inner offering skullcup with a lid, an ivory damaru with a golden binding around it, a silver life vase, three medium-sized silver butter lamps, and a thousand Indian rupees. 

 	Then on the morning of the twenty-fifth, Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and his entourage, me with three attendants, and the Dalai Lama’s mother with an abbreviated entourage, left Dharamsala by car at six o’clock. It was difficult to proceed on the roads because of the war and we had a flat tire on the way. At times, we also had to travel with the lights turned off, and so it took us until ten o’clock that night for us to arrive. Arrangements had been made for us to stay at the Tibet House in Delhi. Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I took up temporary residence there and it eventually became a permanent residence. 
 	
188 gnyis med senge 
189 yid che gsum ldan 
 	
 	136
 	
 	Dromo Chogtrul Rinpoche wanted to make new Domo Precious Pills, and he said he needed blessing substances for that. Accordingly, I offered him blessed relics of the Buddha, many supreme beings of India and Tibet of all lineages. They consists of bones, relics, hair, clothing and so on. They are all from authentic sources that extremely rare to find and are about one hundred and seventy items in all. 

 	Not long after, there was a ceasefire between India and Pakistan and things quieted down. 

 	Once when I was relaxing with Kyabje Yongzing Ganden Tripa Ling Rinpoche and his attendant Chagtzö Lungrig-la at the Tibet House residence, I observed that Rinpoche was becoming rather advanced in years so I sang these verses. The words just came to my lips spontaneously.190 
 	
 	The prayer for white lotus blooms with a million petals, even so, 
        Please listen to the request of this ignorant old man, 
        Lion of Non-Duality, Who destroys the honeyed nectar of highest enlightenment 
 	With the frost of his ordinary aimless wandering! 
 	Having realized Lozang’s stainless transmission, essence of Buddhadharma, 
       May the far-reaching song of [Kyabje Ling Rinpoche’s] excellent activities, 
        Teaching all types of trainees the supreme path of the Conquerors, 
       Always resound in our ears for eons without end! 
 	Set in a life of illumination of the four Arya-realizations, 
       By Je Rinpoche’s unchallenged path of scripture and reasoning, 
       May the white light of your wonderful activities of all Buddhas, 
        Illuminate the path that is victorious over darkness of evil! 
 	
 	Then, I sang for Chagtzö-la: 
 	
 	A friend of vast discriminating wisdom you have been, 
 	And you continue to live like Manibhadra Kumara 191. 
 	If you keep a ring of indestructible faith in the centre of your heart, 
       The hook of the Three Lords’ compassion will catch it without fail. 
 	Having properly, tirelessly devoted yourself to the kind Lama, 
       With single-pointed focus, excellent thoughts and deeds, 
 	Man of good lineage, you need not search other passes and valleys, 
        For the wish-fulfilling jewel is in your hand! 
 	
 	On the twenty-sixth of the eighth month, His Holiness the Dalai Lama came from Mysore in southern India to Delhi. I went with Yongzin Ling Rinpoche to see His Holiness and ask his advice. He said that it would be good for us to stay in Bodhgaya and places nearby during the winter 
 	
 	Invited by Ladakh Lozang Chen, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I went one day to the Ladakh Buddhist Temple and performed the consecration and that evening the Ladakhi schoolchildren put on traditional dances and songs for us. 
 	
 	On the second day of the ninth month, there was a ceremony for the auspicious opening of Tibet House. His Holiness the Dalai Lama and we two tutors sat with Indian cultural ministers, Dromo Chogtrul Rinpoche, Nehru’s daughter Indira Gandhi and other principal attendees up on a stage. In this large gathering of various important people and foreign guests, His Holiness, we two 

190 The song incorporates his name, Trijang, Kyabje Ling Rinpoche’s name, Thubten Lungtog Namgyel Trinle, twice, and his attendants name, Lozang Lungrig, twice. 
191 Manibhadra Kumara exemplifies supreme pure Guru devotion, as expounded by Je Tsongkhapa in Lamrim Chenmo. 
 	
 	137
 	
tutors, and the Namgyal monks chanted auspicious prayers and the cultural ministers performed the opening ceremony. 
 	
 	Kyabje Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche expressed his wish to come to Delhi. He arrived and at his request, I gave an eight-day explanatory commentary of Je Rinpoche’s middle length   on the basis of an outline that I had just arranged. With the hope to vastly extend his beneficial influence for living beings, I offered Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche all of the same blessing substances I offered to Domo Rinpoche together with precious pills, and I urged him to maintain the learned, noble, altruistic lifestyle of his predecessor. 

 	As we were staying in Delhi, I read many scriptures from the huge collection of texts of all traditions kept at the Tibet House, such as Bodong Chogle Namgyel’s collected works, Dege Shuchen Tsultrim Rinchen’s collected works and others. Altogether, our time at Tibet House was relaxed and pleasant with the generous hospitality of Tsowa Nartong and others. 

 	On the day of the twenty-first, I went to the Bopel Sihor at the invitation of Zor Sadu Gyurme-la. I received from Ganden Shartse Dratsang an emphatic request to compose a prayer of great aspiration for the long life of His Holiness the Dalai Lama because it was felt that there had been a great deal of obstacles when I made offerings of body, speech, and mind to His Holiness. I answered in verse: 
 	
 	Lord of infinite Buddhas, whom words cannot describe, 
 	Whose illusory excellent deeds surpass the mind, 
 	In the graceful dance of Rupakaya endowed with the teachings, 
        A delightful ocean of benefit and bliss of unfathomable vast extent, 
       The waves of compassion that move your mind 
 	Foam with nectar-garlands of your eloquent speech 
 	When they fall on the crown of this deluded old man 
 	All projections are stilled! What peace and bliss! 
 	
 	Because of mind being proud with the demon of concepts, 
 	My deeds have not been good, a dance of bad conduct 
 	Crazy, this once around, 
 	I jump off the precipice, with full knowledge, 
 	
 	Still eager for the wealth of sponsors, 
 	As the wind carried off paper from the paper mill, 
 	I continued to wander, pretending to work, 
 	Remaining at ease, I have wasted time, and yet, 

 	Forbearing all phenomena arising at once, unmixed, 
 	With the eyes of pure wisdom of dharmadhatu, 
 	To regard this Dharma-lacking brass as gold! 
 	Remember that all things are merely imputed. 
 	
 	In order to live long in good form for great purpose, 
 	We have worked for truth and good conditions, 
 	The teaching transmission, heavy with essential meaning, 
 	We enjoy, profound truth as nectar of the heart. 
 	
 	Land of Snows, endowed with Dharma, a pleasant deva realm, 
        Was destroyed by fierce non-Dharmic forces 
 	Dharma, wealth, resources finished, indeed we wish 
 	To see the sight of Dharma and State’s resurgence, 
 	
 	138
 	
 	But what can someone powerless and ordinary like me do? 
 	
 	O Protector who has perfected skill of the ten powers 
 	With your power and magical hundredfold blessings, 
 	The fangs of powerful yama will surely be tamed! 
 	
 	With my principal excellent eternal friend 
 	Ever, inseparably filling my heart, 
 	With continuous hopes for your life to be permanent, 
 	I beseech you, Protector Refuge who averts impermanence, 
 	Raise the excellent feet of this master, 
 	A victorious treasure of the essence of Dharma! 
 	
 	What can someone like me do, the reflection of a Dharma bearer 
       Who has always pretended to know things I don’t? 
 	O you who see, just as they are, 
 	The essential points of the entire vast and profound teachings, 
       Whose face is like a blooming white lotus, 
 	Liberate beings from delusion and the ocean of samsara! 
 	
 	Hundreds of bad conditions arise from everywhere! 
 	People are taken in by the deception of evil spirits! 
 	In such a bad age of unbearable times, undiscouraged, 
 	You put on armor of strength and forbearance! 
 	
 	If those Buddhas and Bodhisattvas from the non-manifest sphere 
        Exalt and praise you as the Lions Of Humans 
 	Who but you knows that I am a disrespectful person, 
 	Unlearned, stupid and ignorant, worse than animals? 
 	
 	Kye Kye! Protector, Treasure of Compassion 
 	May you remain as a mountain, the very centre of my heart’s path, 
        And hold with your hooks of intense affection, 
 	This old man who continually beseeches you. 
 	
 	These words of request with musical melody, 
 	Lack beautiful words or profound meaning, 
 	Still I offer them with respect, revealing my thoughts, 
 	Singing just what I feel with highest affection. 

 	I gave Gyurme-la and about sixty factory workers Siddhiraja Long Life Initiation and transmission of the Nyungne Ritual and Guide To The Bodhisattvas’ Way Of Life. 
 	
 	I left Bopal for Bodhgaya where I met His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche. I also met Dragyab Rinpoche who had come back from Germany. I did extensive 
‘Thousand’ Offerings for my deceased attendant Lhabu, distributed offerings and provided service that day for the Sangha that was there. Later, I went to meet Sakya Dagtri Rinpoche and Nyingma Düjom Rinpoche .We had relaxed meetings during which we had delightful in depth conversations. 

 	Düjom Rinpoche spoke about how he had on his table, out of the Sovereign Nyang Treasure Texts, the Nine Yellow Kagye Desheg Dupa– Eight Teaching Tathagata Collection– Papers, several of the terma texts of Lhodrag Mawo of the Nyang Monastic seat, and some treasure texts of Tenma Tsemang’s writings. I found out the letters used in the writing matched the style of writing that was used in the Nyang Yellow Paper Treasure Texts which were kept in a great box of sacred items in the Potala Palace. 

 	On the third day of the tenth month, at a ceremony to celebrate the renovation of the large assembly hall at the Bodhgaya Monastery, we performed auspicious Sojong and extensive One Thousand Offerings before the Great Stupa for the general spiritual and temporal well being of the Tibetan Government. His Holiness the Dalai Lama was at the ceremony accompanied by Sakya Dagchen Rinpoche, Nyingma Düjom Rinpoche, Kagyu Drubpa Tugse, Kargy Lama Kalu Rinpoche, etc, as well as we two tutors. 

 	Upon the insistent invitations of Amdo Gelong Kelzang, the administrator of Charnel Ground Silwa Tsel Monastery, I went there and made the Hundred Offerings, performed Kangso, consecration, and so forth. I placed a new copy of the Five Tantric Classes of the Shang Tradition in their Protector Temple as a representation of holy speech. 

 	I left for Varanasi. While there, for the benefit of my deceased attendant, Lhabu I made distributions of offerings and provided a day of service to the Sangha at Sarnath, together with fifty-four masters and geshes of the three monasteries from the Tibetan government and learned masters from the Sakya, Nyingma, and Kagyu Traditions. I also made five thousand offerings before the stupa and offered Ganachakra. 

 	One day, I had an in depth discussion with the Scripture masters on the urgent need to give teachings suited to the people's intelligence without distorting the Buddha's excellent teachings, which are a holy inexhaustible source of benefit and happiness for beings. 

 	I offered an excellent quality antique pair of cymbals and a pair of Chinese style cymbals to Ganden Shartse Dratsang, and a pair of antique cymbals to Jangtse Dratsang. These gifts were sent back with geshes from each of the colleges who were returning to Buxa. 

 	With the hope to increase in the region the practice of Heruka Chakrasamvara of the Gandhapa system practiced by millions of accomplished siddhas of India and Tibet, I had been requested many times before by Ladak Rizong Tulku to give initiation of the practice. The supreme Deity Shri Heruka had directly promised Dorjechang Pabongkhapa that he would take care of his disciples for seven generations. At the Sarnath Tibetan Monastery, I gave a two-day initiation of Gandhapa Five-Deity Heruka to about three hundred lamas, tulkus and Sangha. Then, I gave the great Gandhapa Body-Mandala initiation to about two hundred and fifty who were committed to recite the Yoga of the Three Purifications. I gave seventeen days of commentary on the generation and completion stage of Gandhapa Body-Mandala to one hundred and ninety-four who committed to daily recitation of the Body-Mandala sadhana, doing everything in such a way that the tradition of the previous holy beings would not degenerate. At the conclusion upon the urging of Lingzhab Jinpa Gyatso, I gave explanation of the secret long-life practice of White Heruka. Together with the sponsorship of both Bakula Rinpoche and Rizong Rinpoche, we accomplished Heruka Chakrasamvara Guru Puja with Ganachakra. 
 	
 	In front of the Varanasi Stupa I made another extensive Thousand-fold Offering for the benefit of all with whom I had connections and also made ten thousand butter-lamp offerings for Lhabu’s roots of virtue, planting seeds for his attainment of omniscient enlightenment. 

 	In 1966, March 2, (Tibetan year of the fire-horse, tenth day of the first month) at the age of 66, I returned from Varanasi to Dharamsala. About two weeks later Ganden Tripa Yongzin Ling Rinpoche returned from Bodhgaya and he came by to visit me. I went to his residence the next day and made offerings such as a silver White Tara statue for his long life. 

 	On the first day of the following month, I participated for seven days in a Tibetan government sponsored Prosperity Summoning Ritual of Vaisravana for the Tibetan people in general .The Ritual was headed by His Holiness the Dalai Lama with Yongzin Trichen Ling Rinpoche and the Namgyal Dratsang assembly. We also accomplished wealth vases of White Dzambala, White Mahakala, and Vaishravana. 

 	On the twenty-seventh day, I began giving His Holiness the Dalai Lama reading transmission of Gyaltsab Je’s commentary on Paramita, Namshä Nyingpo Gyän. During our mutual free time we continued with the reading transmission of the complete collected works of Gyaltsab Je. 

 	On the third day of the third month, I met Jamyang, Ngakong Driwa Belse’s son of the household of Gangkar Lama from Markam Zeudru Monastery. He had escaped the Chinese oppression in Kham and told us in great detail about the general situation there, especially what had occurred during the conflict with the Chinese Communists. 

 	Gangkar Lama Tulku had escaped with Tzöpa Adrug into the forest. When they were about to be caught, the tulku passed on so as not to fall into the hands of the Chinese, while Adrug had died in the fighting. When Gangkar Tulku had been at the monastery he was very devoted and kind toward me. Although he appeared to be a noble and altruistic but not very learned person, when it came to such a critical moment he manifested wonderful indications of being a holy being by passing away at his own free will. 

 	I gave Vajrapani Three Wrathful Ones jenang to the Gadong oracle’s medium, his two attendants, the government representative Lukangpa’s wife and others. After Kazur Shänkawa had arrived I gave commentary on the Seven Point Mind-Training and detailed explanation answering questions on the meditations on Equalization and Exchange of Self With Others. 

 	For three days from the twelfth day of the fourth month following the last will and testament of the deceased Kusho Thubtän Chöyang of Namgyäl Dratsang, requested by Namgyäl Dratsang’s Thubtän Chödän, I offered explanatory commentary of the Seven Points of Mind-Training to the assembly of Namgyäl Dratsang and others totaling about one hundred attendees. 

 	At the beginning of the fifth month, at the request of Ratö Kyongla Tulku Ngawang Lozang, I gave the great Body-Mandala Initiation of Gandhapa Heruka to the two tulkus, Kazur Shänkawa and a few others 

 	On the nineteenth and twentieth of the sixth month, requested by the general assembly of Namgyäl Dratsang, I offered the great two-day initiation of Luipa System Heruka Chakrasamvara to the Sangha there together with other lamas, tulkus and monks totalling over one hundred attendees. 

 	Trehor Sadu Ngoma Chötzä Yulgyäl-la of Switzerland, wrote to me insisting that I must come to Switzerland sometime for a health checkup that he would sponsor. I accepted his kind offer and on the twenty-second I took my leave and paid respects to His Holiness the Dalai Lama. 

 	On the twenty-seventh, sometime after eleven o’clock Pälden and I took off from Delhi airport in an Indian Airlines plane, seen off by officers of the Tibetan Government Religious Affairs Office, Tibet House and others. That night, Swiss time of 5PM (Indian time 9PM), we arrived at Switzerland. We were met by Palhawa of the Swiss Tibetan Religious Affairs Office, elder brother Lozang Samtän, and sponsor Chötzä Yulgyäl. I stayed at Chotza Yulgyal's home. 

 	That night was a big celebration in Switzerland and there was a huge gathering of people in Geneva. There were fireworks like blooming varicolored flowers falling from space. It gave me quite a good boost for my visualizations of emanation and recollection of light and nectar during sadhana recitations. 

 	After two days I moved to Kungo Palhawa’s residence. Dagpo Bamchö Rinpoche’s attendant Thubten-la served us very well and looked after us while we were in Switzerland. 

 	At the request of Ratö Kyongla Tulku, I gave him together with Bamchö Rinpoche, Ragra Tulku, Kungo Palha, Sera Mey Geshe Kädrub Thubtän and others the Vajrayogini Sindhura Blessing. We performed Heruka Guru Puja  with Ganachakra and they offered Long-Life Puja for me. 
 	
 	Kyongla Tulku urged that I must record a song of realization for him. I sang this song: 

       Auspiciousness of beings and environments of deva realms above, 
       As if the Great Brahma realm had been brought here by the mind, 
       In this city of Switzerland that enjoins joy and happiness, 
       Lamas, disciples, benefactors, with pure samaya between us, 
       An auspicious festival of excellent faces gathered together, 
       Enjoying all delights of great secret Ganachakra, 
 	Looking up we see the kind root and lineage Gurus, 
 	In densely gathered clouds of limitless blessings and compassion, 
       Deity hosts in lattices of peaceful and wrathful Yidam Mandalas! 
 	Supreme and common siddhis fall in a blissful refreshing rain, 
       The Heroes and Dakinis of the three places freely dance! 
 	How joyful the good fortune to enjoy Tantric Ganachakra! 
 	
 	Let us pray to be together in all our lives henceforth, 
 	To equally enjoy the nectar of the supreme vehicle, 
 	And attain complete enlightenment at the same time, 
 	In spontaneous joyful Akanishta! 
 	
 	Chötzä Yulgyäl took me to his doctor, Doctor Wiesman for the check-up which was thorough and took two days. Except for my blood pressure being low and having some parasites in my intestines, I didn’t have any serious illness. I received some medicine for restoring my strength and took it as prescribed. Chötzä Yulgyäl paid for all charges for the doctor visit and medicines. 
 	
 	On the twenty-fourth of the seventh month we took the plane from Geneva to Zurich where I stayed with Sera Mey Geshe Lozang Chödrag’s benefactress from Holland, Ama Kallema. She took us to gardens and the zoo where we had a refreshing time seeing the animals, some carnivorous, some hoofed, various birds and so on. 
 	
 	Hoping to restore the local Tibetans’ connections to Dharma I visited the individual communities, with the intention to go to all of the villages I first went to Okriville and Rudi. At Rikon I stayed at Drepung Gomang Gyältsän Namdröl’s house. 
 	
 	I was invited by Ku-Ngo Palha to the homes of various prosperous Swiss families who had adopted Tibetan boys and girls from the Children’s Village in Dharamsala. Except for one or two families who did not want their child to have connection with Tibetan people, I went to nearly every household to meet the families, bringing them gifts and advised them on various subjects such as the need for not forgetting their Tibetan culture. Many of the children had already forgotten their Tibetan language and I communicated with them through physical gestures. I found this very disappointing but what could I do? 

 	One day, I gave Long-Life White Tara Initiation and transmission of Ganden Lhagyema, the Twenty-One Tara Praises, Refuge, and His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s Long-Life Prayer to the Tibetans in the Rikon settlement and those from other settlements, about sixty people in all. I also gave them Dharma teachings on Refuge, Karma, and so forth, and advised them in regard to temporal matters as well, giving general advice regarding respecting the country’s laws and to act compassionately and in harmony with each other, try to not let their children lose their own language, writing, respect for Dharma and so on, which is the unique general and spiritual culture of Tibet. 
 	
 	The next day the Rikon settlement offered Guru Puja Ganachakra with Long-Life puja for me. The head of the settlement, Kuzhab Doctor Lindaker not only wore Tibetan traditional clothes and sat in the rows of practitioners for Ganachakra, he also had quite a good knowledge of Tibetan language. 
 	
 	On the fourth day of the eighth month I left Rikon for the Rekrenaoer settlement. After making Dharma connections and giving counsel there, I went to Krorgen where there was a Tibetan school. The leaders of the Tibetan Youth were Tashi Tongkar Rinpoche and Söpäl-la. The people of the main village of Atarbhil, Red Cross workers, and the youth had a welcoming celebration in accordance with the Tibetan custom of offering of rice and so on. I happily stayed there for five days with everyone enjoying keeping the ways of a traditional Tibetan household. I went to the village, Atarbhil met its governor and made a small gift. He strongly supported the Tibetan people with great affection and I had intimate altruistic and virtuous conversations with him. 
 	
 	Leaving Krorgen, I spent a day at the Tibetan settlement of Walashekra. I met a Red Cross worker there, a woman named Shotsen Bhar, who was the head of ten Tibetan settlements. I praised her efforts, gave her gifts and encouraged her to continue her work on behalf of the Tibetan people. 

 	The next day I went to a village called Samendha in the snow mountains where Trehor Lamdrag Tulku and others lived in a Tibetan settlement. The road was long and winding and tunneled extensively through the mountains. I found it rather exhausting. I stayed at Lamdrag Tulku’s residence and met Lozang Nyima, nephew of Gyume Trehor Chabril Tsultrim Dargye who is my neighbor in Tibet. Lozang Nyima had married my niece, Tashi Drolma and they had a son. I gave many reading transmissions including Expression of the Names of Manjusri, Praise of the Exalted,192 The Twenty-One Praises of Tara, and His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s Long-Life Prayer, and also gave general and Dharma advice to about forty people. The Tibetan people there all sponsored an extensive offering of Guru Puja  Ganachakra. 
 	
 	One day we took a small electric train up the Mendha mountain and had a refreshing time looking at the view from the top. 
 	
 	From Samendha, I went to four more settlements, Langkokra, Buken, Ebnatakapel, and Undawase, spending a day at each, making Dharma connections and giving advice as before. At the request of their leader Sera Mey Geshe Kedrup Thubten, I questioned eleven boys and girls of Undawase on subjects such as Seven-Fold Cause and Effect Bodhicitta meditation. They gave correct answers. For a Geshe of the great monastic seats to be there acting as a leader in this way I found to be a very worthwhile service and I rejoiced. 
 	
 	Then I went to Krorgen Yumbu Lagang again for eight days during which time I gave Rakra Tulku Je Tsongkhapa Three Lineage  jenang, Dorje Shugden Life-Entrustment, and I gave jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms, Long-Life White Tara Initiation, and transmissions of Ganden Lhagyema and Expression of the Names of Manjusri to about seventy students and workers. I advised them about what to adopt and what to abandon in Dharma and worldly affairs. 

 	Urged by Chötzä Yulgyäl-la, I gave Solitary Hero Yamantaka great initiation, and so forth to seven people including Ku-Ngo Palha and Rakra Tulku, fulfilling the wishes of various groups of people. 
 	One evening I went to a performance of the school children depicting Lha Lama Jangchub Ö’s life at the time he invited Lord Atisha to Tibet. The actors were definitely excellent in the movement of their bodies and voices. 

 	Then I went to Wallapasse in Germany for a day where twelve Tibetan children, Chöge Loseling Gyelzur Tulku, and Patsab Lozang Namdröl Tabshe lived where I made Dharma connections and gave advice. The children there seemed to be very good at drawing and writing in Tibetan as well. 

 	Upon the Insistent request of the head of the Tibet House Trisong Ngönga in England and my disciples there, Pelden Ku-Ngo Palha and I took a flight from Zurich airport to London. I was met by Geshe Tsultrim Gyaltsen of Ganden Shartse and the leader of the students, Zhabzur Thubten Ngawang. 

 	We took a car from there to the Tibetan youth village of Trisong Ngönga where I stayed for ten days. I gave White Tara Long-Life Initiation and various Dharma transmissions such as Refuge and the Twenty-One Taras to the Geshe, leader and students . 
 	
 192‘ phags bstod 
 	
 	143
 	
 	The Tibetan youth put on a performance of Tibetan song and dance. Their voices were perfect and danced very well too. Geshe and Zhabzur took me for a sightseeing tour by small train through the city of London. In one large museum there was a show with holograms of the present Queen of England and other leaders of England such as the Prime Minister, previous royalty of England, Prime Minister Nehru of India, Shasatiri, China’s Mao Tsetung, Chou Enlai, famous leaders of various great nations such as American presidents, past and present renowned scientists. 

 	It was a wondrous illusion, like meeting these people face to face. Then we took an elevator to the top of a tower to look out on London. Looking down from the top of 37 floors, the city did not appear particularly massive or infinite. The buildings and roads were set out exquisitely. Many of the buildings looked as if they had been sprinkled with rice, giving them a fuzzy shimmering appearance. We spent that night at a hotel. 

 	The next day, taking a tour of the shops, we saw the large cathedral where the first Queen of England was said to have made offerings and prayers when she was enthroned. Christian priests giving spiritual instructions in such a beautiful, tall majestic cathedral would have been very impressive. It was evidence of their great reverence for the act of giving and receiving spiritual teachings. 

 	We did much sightseeing and then returned to the Tibet House Trison Ngönga. While staying there, I gave mantra transmissions and instructions about visualization with mantra recitation to Rächung Tulku’s assistant, Marion Winter, a woman with faith in Dharma who had been reciting White Tara’s mantra. I gave Geshe Gyaltsen instructions on the Seven Points Of Mind-Training .  I gave jenang of Orange Manjusri and transmissions of Guru Puja, Ganden Lhagyema, and others to some Tibetans including those who received the instructions, We went to a city called Hassekrire and to a great lake nearby. We crossed a long bridge to a tall sightseeing tower in the middle of the lake and a restaurant, etc. 

 	After these activities in England, at the invitation of Dragyab Chetsang Hotogtu Rinpoche in Bonn, Germany, on the eleventh of the ninth month we left England for Cologne, Germany. At the London Airport the previous English ambassador to Tibet, Hugh Richardson had come there especially to meet me. We had a long conversation in Tibetan. Dragyab Rinpoche, Ganden Shartse Pukang Käntrül, Tzarongpu Tulku, Eh Lama, and the Nyingma Lama Padma Tsering met us at Cologne. 

 	I stayed for some days at Dragyab Rinpoche’s residence near Bonn. During that time, I was invited to an Asia seminar at the Asia Mongolian Tibetan Cultural Center in Bonn. I attended with Käntrül Rinpoche, Tzatrul Rinpoche and others. I had discussions with the Indian Cultural Center’s Professor Hang and the non-partisan religious Professor Manshe. As the head of the office was in Japan at the time, his assistant Doctor Sarka was in charge. They asked many questions about Dharma traditions such as regarding the symbolism of the Dharmachakra that Buddhists use. I explained to them that the ‘hub that sustains’, the ‘spokes that cut’, and the ‘hub that gathers’, symbolize the three higher trainings and so forth, and we had quite a good objective discussion. I also visited their libraries and offices. 

 	The German government office sent a car and an assistant to take us to see the Maria temple at an old Christian monastery and buildings where the monks manufactured various things to support themselves. We returned to our residence about dark. 

 	Doctor Sarka, assistant to the head of the Asia Cultural Center came to meet me again and asked me various questions. He was highly delighted on hearing my answers.
 
 	I went again for a brief visit to Pukang Käntrül’s residence. 

 	On the invitation of the Mongolians who lived in Munich such as the Mongolian Tibetan Buddhist monk, Achunor, I flew to Munich on a Luftwansa flight on the sixteenth. There I was met by Gelong Achunor, Sera Mey Panglung Tulku, Yerpa Tsänzhab Tulku, and the president of the Dharma center, a Hungarian scholar, Pola, who had faith in Dharma. We went to the Mongolian Monastery. During my seven days stay I was invited to the university where Panglung Tulku and Yerpa Tsänzhab worked with the president of the university, Professor Chitershag. He had some old Tibetan printing blocks that came out of the Tunghasa region that I gave him a few lessons in their usage and answered some questions he had about Tibetan history and the development of Dharma in Tibet. 

 	At Gelong Achunor’s requests, I attended the opening ceremony for the newly constructed monastery which German Government’s Relief Office ministers, our assistants, guests from the Dharma center, Mongolians from the area and various other foreign guests attended. I chanted preliminary auspicious prayers with Chöge Gomang Lozang Dhargyä and Panglung Tulku and then cut the ribbon for the grand opening. I gave a brief lecture on the purpose and reasons for the building of a new monastery. I presented khataks white ceremonial scarfs, sacred representations, to the principal in the monastery, made offerings, performed consecration, and gave the monastery its name, Tegchen Chöpel Ling. 

 	I went to Munich for a day. In a big museum we saw various things such as models of early, middle, and late design ships and planes, images depicting the early, middle, and later methods for mining coal, scientists, nuclear energy, previous and modern practices of medicine, and the model of an astronaut in a rocket, with demonstrations of how it flew. 

 	What westerners have achieved with ‘ordinary’ intelligence, patience and hard work through study of science and technology rival, in a way, the miraculous deeds demonstrated by the previous mahasiddhas. Reflecting on that, it would seem that someone like me who is supposed to be striving on the path of the Sutra and Tantra based on the exalted knowledge of our founder Buddha, the Tathagata endowed with three special qualities (whose nature has abandoned all faults and achieved all realizations and who sees the nature of the Four Noble Truths completely) it would seem that I should have produced a little something. For someone like me to have produced nothing must mean that I am inferior in terms of intelligence and effort. Like making one mistake that makes everything thereafter mistaken, it must be the continuation of my mistakes on the stages of the path starting from the way to rely upon the Guru. It is my own fault, not that of Dharma. 

 	I went to see Alti Peter, which is famed to be the oldest Christian Church in existence. I went to an exclusive play for the rich, famous and high status people with viewing balconies on about five circles of floors, seeing many amazing things that words cannot really describe. Palden, Palha, and Panglung went with me but since we weren’t used to watching it, the actual play itself was not much of a show for us. 

 	Invited by the German government relief office, I met the chairman of the office, and his colleague, the secretary. We went to a museum where there were many Japanese paintings, statues and objects as well as many African objects. 

 	On the twenty-second, ( Lhabab Duchen) the day of Buddha’s Descent From The Deva Realm, I celebrated together with the Mongolians with Guru Puja  and Heruka Chakrasamvara. We offered Ganachakra and so forth. The Mongolians showed great happiness by their expressions. 

 	The Nyingma Padma Tsering asked me a question about training in ultimate bodhicitta from the Seven Points Of Mind Training and I gave him a detailed answer which he was happy with. 
 	
 	Invited by Dagpo Bamchö Chogtrul Rinpoche Jampa Gyatso from France, on the twenty-third we flew to Paris. We were met by Bamchö Rinpoche, Gyume Kenzur Gomang Ngawang Legden, and some Mongolian men and women who were living in Paris. We went to Bamchö Rinpoche’s residence where I met many Mongolians. 

 	The next day Gyume Kenzur came to visit. He had great knowledge of Sutra and Tantra and taught very expansively like the opening of a hundred petalled lotus. His intelligence and enthusiasm were both great and he had endless ideas regarding general and specific Tibetan and world issues which we discussed all day. 

 	Bamchö Rinpoche and his patron the lady Ama Ipang took me for sightseeing at the Mabhar Museum in Paris, which had been the Queen’s Palace. It was vast with many very good old paintings. In its many rooms there was a great deal of extremely valuable furniture of the early king. There were also various Arabic and Japanese paintings and objects, so much that you could not have finished seeing everything even if you continued for three days! 
 	
 	145
 	
 	We went up by elevator to the restaurant at the top of the very tall Eiffel Tower where, when you looked out on the capital it did not seem so infinite and large, and it had a beautiful layout. 

 	One day the learned French professor Stan invited me and we shared stories of Tibet. He had a great liking for the Gesar epic. 

 	At Bamchö Rinpoche’s wishes, Rinpoche, Pel, and I, with Kungo Palha, went to a small town on the outskirts of Paris called Sharpel where there were some houses being used as a Tibetan monastery. Living there were Gyume Kenzur Ngawang Legden, Amdo Yonten, Ngawang Dragpa, Jamyang Monlam and others. I stayed there five days. With five Sangha there including Kenzur and the elderly benefactress, we offered Guru Puja  Ganachakra, and at Kenzur’s wishes I gave reading transmission from the beginning of Lamrim Chenmo and Foundation Of All Realizations. 

 	I went to the French village of Belaynu to meet twenty young Tibetan students and Norgye Tabshe, representative of their adoptive parents and made Dharma connections with them gave them transmission of Refuge, Ganden Lhagyema, Tara Praises and so forth, and adviced them on Dharma and conduct. Afterwards, the students put on a show of Tibetan and French music and dance that was very good. 

 	Back at Lhasa Bamchö Rinpoche’s residence, we went to a Greek museum where there were depictions of early French history and various statues of present day presidents and such, like there had been at the museum in London. There were models and pictures showing the French revolution and the imprisoning of the royal family. In another room, there were holograms of a house and one person appearing as many hundreds. It was amazing, reminiscent of the story of the Langka King Ravana’s palace.193 

 	On the twelfth of the tenth month I took the plane from Paris to Geneva where I stayed for a few days for a health checkup. One day I went on a tour of the United Nations in Geneva. 

 	Nearby neighbors, Kungo Kudring Lhawang Tobgyal and his wife Lhacham Dekyi Lhatze came to visit me and we discussed the recent news. They told me that the elderly Kungo Kazur Wangchen Geleg had wanted very much to come but could not due to his work at an American university. Zurkang Kungo Kazur was a profound thinker from the point of view of both Dharma and world affairs. Both learned and clever, he was an indispensable functionary of His Holiness the Dalai Lama but because of the false images drawn by some slanderers who wished to create divisions, as it is said in the Sakya Legshe, Eloquence of the Sakyas, 

      ‘The Brahmin lost his goat/ 
 	That the thieves called a dog.’

        It’s too bad, but I’ll leave it at that. 

 	I returned to Rikon and performed a site ritual at the place where all of the factory worker sponsors intended to build a monastery and recited auspicious prayers and performed consecration. 

 	I invited by the Red Cross to their central office in the Swiss capital of Bern. Together with president Mrs. Fisher and others we enjoyed some snacks. I thanked and praised them for the vast benefit they had provided for the Tibetan people in general and those in Switzerland in particular and urged them to continue. They promised that they would. 

 	Then I returned to Geneva and stayed a few days. On the ninth of the eleventh month I took a flight to Italy. I was met at the airport by Sera Mey Geshe Jampel Senge, some of his Italian students, and Kagyu Tulku Namkai Norbu. We went to Namkai Norbu’s house where arrangements had been made for me to stay. I stayed three days. 

 	Following instructions from His Holiness the Dalai Lama, I, Palha, Pelden, and Namkai Norbu went to have an audience with the Pope. The Pope’s palace at one side of the Vatican was very large and many stories tall. We passed by many guards and then a steward took us to an outer residence for a little while. Then we were shown into where the Pope was standing. I offered him a khatak and the small gift of a pair of antique Tibetan cymbals. 

 	As His Holines the Dalai Lama had instructed, I expressed the main purpose of our audience was to express greetings and great gratitude to the Pope for the assistance offered by many Christian relief orginzations at the time when many Tibetans were escaping from Tibet 

193 langka mgrin bchu’ pho brang 
 	
 	146
 	
because of the Communist Chinese oppression of Tibet. I expressed our hope that, on the basis of our unified spiritual practice and faith, there could be peace in the world. The Pope said that he was very happy to receive the Dalai Lama’s greetings and that he had always been interested in the Dalai Lama and Tibet. He asked if we had any particular needs for assistance and also asked me personally if I had any requests I would like to make. I answered that I had no private need for assistance, only whatever assistance would help us to further our practice of Tibetan Dharma, and so on. We had a meeting of almost an hour and it seemed to be a harmonious unifying meeting. The Pope gave me a picture book and greeting plaque to offer to His Holiness the Dalai Lama. I also received from him the gift of a silver medallion. 

 	On the thirteenth of the eleventh month I took an early flight, setting down briefly in Beirut and arrived comfortably at the new Delhi airport later that night, at Indian time five o’clock in the afternoon. We were met there by His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s older brother, Gyaldon, officials of the Delhi Religious Office and Tibet House who accompanied us to Delhi Tibet House. 

 	As I had travelled through countries of the west in this meandering way it seemed to me that everywhere I went the people and environment were prosperous and abundant, the people happy, the cities and villages clean and beautifully laid out, harvests abundant, and so forth, but because it was devoid of the wealth of holy Dharma, I saw that the shortsighted people, clinging to permanence, had no experience of happiness other than in this life’s deceptive appearances and that they had no peace of mind. As it is said in Sutra, 
 	
 	The end of all accumulation is exhaustion, 
 	Even the high will finally fall. 
 	
 	The fortresses that previous proud kings and queens, with force of armies to make it difficult for subjects to even set foot in and all of their valuables, jewelry and so forth, with the changes of time, have now become things to be seen in museum displays, leaving only their names, and some kings were thrown into dark dungeons when their subjects revolted. Finally we are separated from even our lives without choice. When seeing and hearing many images and stories, no matter what appears to be attractive in samsara, it finally degenerates. None of it is left undispersed. One would think that I would have contemplated this deeply, but at that time I had only short flare-ups of renunciation. As Lord Milarepa said, 
 	
 	Hard wood and crooked horn, 
 	Are caught when they are hooked, 
 	But there is no hooking the crooked mind. 
 	
 	As he says, my own stiff mind, like uncultivated land, would never turn inwards. What is worse than the force of very firm imprints of beginningless familiarity with negativity? 
 	
 	On the night of the fifteenth I left Delhi and reached Dharamsala early the next day. I immediately went to His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s residence and received the nectar for the eyes of seeing the mandala of his smiling face and hearing his voice. 

 	On the eighteenth with several offerings I bowed and attended respectfully at his feet and he was pleased to hear of all I had encountered in the west regarding the situations of the lamas, tulkus, geshes, Tibetan students and settlements, as well as all that had occurred in the meeting with the Pope. The following day I offered His Holiness the uncommon Lhamo Magzorma  jenang from the Drubtab Rinjung and at the conclusion performed Guru Puja  Ganachakra. 

 	On the day of the twenty-seventh, I traveled from Dharamsala to the Tibetan Monastery in Sarnath. There, for the sake of the roots of virtue of my deceased attendant Lhabu and nephew Kuntse Tsipön Tsewang Döndrup, I commissioned for the Dogui Kyil Temple of the Tibetan Monastery, new wall murals of the Thousand Buddhas, the Thirty-Five Confessional Buddhas, the Sixteen Arhats and the Four Great Kings by the entranceways. Kuntse and I sponsored them together. I appointed Kuntse Kungo Keme Sonam Wangdu and Nyerpa Trentso Lozang Sherab to supervise, with the help of the artist, Gyume Ngaram Ngawang Norbu. When I went to Switzerland, in accordance with our commission, they had started the work and now had finished more than half. I instructed Geshe Ngawang Norbu in regards to several corrections to make on the Sixteen Arhats and Four Great Kings. 

 	Requested by Sera Mey Pomra Kangtsan, I came to instruct the deceased Panglung Dharmapala Kuten’s son Dragpa Samdrub in being the oracular medium for Gyalchen Dorje Shugden. I performed the channel opening invitation. Even though the Deity did not come because it was the first time, I performed all of the stages of the invitiation. I also instructed Drapa Samdrub to do retreat of 100,000 Migtsemas, Yamantaka, and Secret Hayagriva, and impressed upon him the need for him to maintain a high level of purity in his conduct. 
 	
 	Requested by Dondrub Tsering of Chatreng Nyachog I gave a White Tara Long-Life Initiation to about four hundred people including lamas, tulkus, Sangha, lay and ordained of the area. Bapa Kelzang Legshe was collecting donations to institute a new custom of accomplishing Mani Dungkor at Sarnath and, for Lhabu’s roots of virtue, I offered 1,000 Indian Rupees. 
 	
 	As I wasn’t free to go to Bodhgaya, I requested Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche to offer the One Thousand Offerings before the Precious Stupa and to make offerings of service at the Monastery on my behalf. 

 	On the twelfth of the tenth month I performed Vajrayogini Sindhura practice offering with Ganachakra and on the same day received a small Chinese style bronze statue of Vajrayogini from a remote area of Nepal which was a very auspicious sign. 

 	Trehor Zangra Tulku of Drepung Loseling came to see me. He was going back to Buxa and I sent 1,000 Indian Rupee offering with him to help sponsor Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche’s Geshe ceremony. 

 	My disciple Katsarwa Sonam Chopel went to Nepal and came to see me on the way back. 

 	He had heard in Nepal from the Tibetans arriving from Lhasa that the Chinese Communist Party had spread and except the Buddha statues in the Ramoche temple, the Amitayus Temple, the Gazhi Trulnang Cathedral, and the statues of Songtsen Gampa and his entourage in the Dharmaraja Temple, all other statues had been destroyed by the Communist Party youth and used to pave Lhasa pathways. All of the volumes of scriptures had been burned. At the Kagyur Printing Press below the Potala and in individual households, objects of faith, scriptures, even down to small statues, had all been destroyed. Temple murals had been whitewashed and so forth, such conditions as we had not heard of before drove many Tibetans to kill themselves by jumping into the Tsangchu River. I felt limitless sadness thinking that the merit of beings would be exhausted by such a swiftly spreading bad situation as this, and hoping and praying that the previous illusory Dharma of the three lineages of Aryas and the good imprints of the great blessings of the lotsawas, pandits and other holy beings’ influence would remain stable until the final age of the existence of the world. 

 	For the sake of all the deceased, I offered day-long service for about seventy lamas, tulkus and Sangha, made the ‘Thousand Offerings’, and offered Guru Puja  Ganachakra   in connection with Heruka Chakrasamvara. The Ganden Shartse abbot and the Dratsang chant leader both came especially from Buxa to offer me Long-Life Puja after my return from Switzerland. 
 	
 	I turned sixty-seven in 1967. On the eleventh day of February, second day of the first month of the Tibetan year of the fire sheep, sponsored by the administrator of Saranath Tibetan Monastery, Geshe Thubten Jungne, along with offering service and clouds of offerings, together with the lamas, tulkus, and local Sangha of the Sakya, Gelug, Kagyu, and Nyingma lineages that had arrived performed Guru Puja  Ganachakra   with chanting of auspicious words of truth for my long life. 
 	
 	Because the ancient text notation for the Dratsang’s traditional Kangso had been left in Tibet, the Ganden Shartse chant leader had written a new one at Buxa. He came to me to clear up some questions he had regarding the long and middling length chant melodies for the Kangso and other recitations. Although I knew the melodies quite well during my time at the monastery, it had been forty-eight years since my Geshe ceremony. I instructed him with what I manage to recall and also composed a dedication verse for the new chant melody text. 
 	
 	148
 	
 	On the morning of the twelfth we painted the temple inside and out including the pillars and beams. With Trehor Trungsar Rinpoche, Domo Rinpoche, Sera Jey Rongta Tulku, young and old together, quite a large Sangha, we consecrated the temple with melodious chanting. 

 	That day, my household and Kuntse’s together made extensive ‘Thousand Offerings’ and offered service for the day to all of the Sangha that lived there. We also made individual offerings and the clouds of offerings of Guru Puja  Ganachakra. To seven including the artist Gyume Ngawang Norbu, Chatreng Rigang Anga Jamyang, Sera Mey Thubten Tharpa and all of their attendants I offered money and an extensive meal and gifts, satisfying all. 

 	On the thirteenth I returned from Varanasi to Dharamsala. One day, the primary face of the five-fold naturally risen statue of the Great Compassionate One in Lhasa that the Chinese had destroyed along with one of its wrathful faces was brought to Dharamsala Palace. I invited it in, along with the Namgyal monks, and made offerings. 

 	From the nineteenth, continuing for five days, at the invitation of Namgyal Dratsang, for the well being of the teachings and temporal affairs, we propitiated the Twelve Tenma, I acted as vajra master together with Nyingma Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche. 

 	Kazur Shankawa Gyurme Sonam Tobgyal who was advanced in age had become seriously ill. Thinking of our strong connection as Guru and disciple, I went to see him, asked about his condition and gave him some advice on mind-training that he found useful. 

 	At Nechung’s instructions His Holiness the Dalai Lama performed a puja for general political and spiritual well-being, convened a torma averting ritual by means of Super Profound Vajrakilaya of the Treasure-Revealer Sögyäl Lerab Lingpa. His Holiness presided the puja with Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, Dilgo Kyentse, all of the Namgyal Monastery monks and I for five days. 

 	I had already consented to grant a request of Lhasawa Mäntsamchö Drölma. Also, while I was in Switzerland she had passed away and had made the same request her final will. 

 	Accordingly, I gave the blessing of the Four Initiations of Vajrayogini’s Sindhura Mandala to over three hundred lay and ordained attendees, headed by the lamas, tulkus, and Sangha in the Dharamsala, Dalhousie, Musourie and such neighboring areas, in the assembly hall of the Children’s Village, concluding with offering of Ganachakra. Starting the next day, for 304 people who commited to daily recitation of the sadhana and completion of a four hundred thousand mantra retreat, I gave experiential commentary on the generation and completion stages. Lasting for eight days, I gave everything in the undeclined tradition of the previous Gurus. 

 	I gave Sera Jey Trehor Geshe Tamdrin Rabten and Geshe Ngawang Dargyä Life Entrustment  jenang  of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden   and, they invited me to Rätrekotri above Dharamsala where about two hundred students had gathered. I gave oral transmission of recitations and some instructions on what to adopt and what to abandon in spiritual practice. 

 	A decision was made in 1965 in Bodhgaya, by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, to found 
Bikshuni Monasteries in each of the Sakya, Gelug, Kagyu, and Nyingma traditions. The Gelug one had not been established so the Sangha at Buxa appointed officers from the six colleges of Drepung Gomang and Drepung Loseling, Sera Jey and Sera Mey, and Ganden Shartse and Ganden Jangtse to expedite. They came seeking support under the auspices of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and each of us two tutors donated a thousand Indian Rupees. 

 	On the twentieth of the third month, one of the four naturally risen Arya Avalokitesvara Brothers statues called Kyidrong Pagpa Wati that had been taken out by the Kyidrong Tzongga Chöde Sangha, and had been in Nepal for some years, was brought and escorted into the Dharamsala main temple. Here, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, we two tutors, and all of Namgyal Dratsang made offerings including a bathing ritual. In addition to the two faces, one peaceful, one wrathful, of the Five-Fold Naturally Risen Great Compassionate One that had come from Lhasa through Nepal before, there were in adition: a wrathful face of the Great Compassionate One; the lower right face of a silver statue that was one of the Four Maitreya Brother statues; a section of the Avalokitesvara life tree; and a gold statue of Guyhasamaja (given to Jetsun Sherab Senge at the time the great Je Tsongkhapa commanded him to found a Tantric College). All the above were received into His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s hands. 

 	One day, Kyorlung Ngari Rinpoche came to my place and asked some questions about the Madyamaka view. I rejoiced at seeing one so young taking an interest in such a topic. I gave him an essential summary answer that he would be able to understand. Rinpoche investigated the view for a number of years, finally finding the results of ultimate investigation to be something with form, the gross form included within the first of the Four Noble Truths. 

 	One day Kungo Ta Lama Thubten Norzang, who was about to repeat a Vajrayogini retreat, said that he had some questions about taking the three kayas on the path. He requested for explanations on the nine mixings of completion stage practice whereupon I gave him extensive instructions accordingly. 

 	On the seventh of the fourth month we received a cable from Buxa that Kyabje Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche was seriously ill. I was very anxious and mentally appealed to His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Yongzin Ling Rinpoche. I sent offerings to Dalhousie, to urgently sponsor the Sera Mey Sangha to recite Dode Kelsang and prostrations to the Sixteen Arhats, each the number of times equal to Rinpoche’s age. 

 	Starting from the eleventh I gave His Holiness the Dalai Lama oral transmission of Kädrubje’s teachings on the meaning of Kalachakra, continuing whenever both His Holiness and I had the time free. 

 	On the thirteenth, Kazur Shänkawa Gyurme Sönam Tobgyäl, a government officer, died just before reaching the age of seventy-two. He had received profound teachings of Sutra and Tantra from many qualified lamas such as Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa, Gomang Kangsar Rinpoche, and Kangyur Lama Rinpoche Lozang Döndän. He had cultivated pure view and conduct of the Ganden Tradition. He had overseen and managed government projects such as renovationswork at the Samye Temple and the great assembly hall at Ganden. He had always persevered in daily practice. He had studied the scriptures extensively and was particularly familiar with the meditations on the Lamrim. Even those with good knowledge of Lamrim had to watch their speech in his presence. 

 	On the fifteenth, on behalf of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the Dharma Affairs Office requested me to give Mahayana precepts in the Dharamsala Motri Mahol arena to workers of the Tibetan government, all of Namgyal Dratsang and a vast public gathering. 

 	On the evening of the seventeenth, we received a telegram from Darjeeling that Kyabje Dorjechang Chogtrul Rinpoche had been taken from Buxa to the Karshang Hospital and, at half past nine that night, withdrew the secrets of his body, speech, and mind into the sphere of reality.
 
 	He had combined qualities of learning, morality and altruism in taking responsibility to uphold the Ganden Teachings. Amongst the lamas and tulkus who had arrived in India, his deeds were uniquely excellent, praised by all wise observers. Both Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I had hoped that he would be a great upholder of the Ganden tradition in the future and had diligently offered him many teachings of Sutra and Tantra, initiations, transmission and commentaries. For such a supreme being to pass away at the youthful age of twenty-six was like the sun suddenly setting upon us. It was like losing an extremely dear son and I felt unbearable loss and regret. 

 	At that time Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche sent a report. Making offerings before the sacred Pagpa Wati Zangpo statue I recited all the prayers I knew for his passing. Along with words of support for his close attendant Trinle Dhargye I sent a thousand Indian Rupees contribution for offerings for services and the prayer that I had composed for the quick return of his supreme incarnation. 

 	Some time after that Drepung Loseling Geshe Palden Sherab Senge and eight of his ordained disciples came from Kunu and I gave them Solitary Hero Yamantaka great initiation. 

 	Meantime, Mongolian Tulku Gurudeva Rinpoche was publishing an extensive biography of Je Tsongkhapa by Gyalwang Chöje. I posted a one thousand Indian Rupees contribution towards the publishing costs for the benefit of all the deceased in general and another one thousand for Lhabu also; another contribution for the publishing from Drepung Loseling Kangyur Rinpoche of 2,800 Indian rupees. I also composed an introduction for the book and a dedication for the printing. 
 	
 	Sera Jey Trehor Geshe Ogyän Tsetän, Tzongtse Tulku, Trehor Lodrö Tulku and some others came from Switzerland. I gave small gifts to their disciples and spoke to them about conduct and some advice on Dharmic and political work. I explained to Ogyän Tsetän how to draw the lines when conducting site rituals for building a new monastery. 

 	I discussed with Gurudeva whether it would be appropriate to collect donations for the publishing by having the Gelug Monastery heads seek donations at the assembly. He agreed to the idea. I then offered a khatak and yellow dragon circle brocade-covered jerky-container to herald the publishing. 

 	In Lhasa, I had previously been requested to compose a commentary to elucidate Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongka’s Praise of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden–‘ Pagme Käl Ngönma’– relating the relevant biographies and stories, by Trehor Trungsar Rinpoche, Tashi Chöling’s Lama Lozang Chöpel, Secretary Lozang Dorje, the two ‘Lhalu Gatsälwa’ lay officials of the government, and many others of all stratas of society. I had therefore collected biographical information and other materials and made an outline. However due to the conflict with the Chinese Communists and having to leave suddenly, my documents were left in Lhasa. I had to defer the project indefinitely. 

 	Through Dharmapala’s help himself, I had good fortune to receive some of the historical documents and the ancient holy objects from my room in Lhasa with the Dorje Shugden tangkas from Tibetans arriving from Lhasa. Upon requests to write it by many including Dragyab Hotogtu Rinpoche and Domo Chogtrul Rinpoche, I composed a commentary to the Praise of Dorje Shugden called,  Music Delighting the Ocean of Protectors. 

 	On the ninth day of the seventh month, I completed offering His Holiness the Dalai Lama the oral transmission of the collected works of Je Tsongkhapa and his two sons. I also offered him oral transmission of the later tantra of the Guyhasamaja Root Tantra. 

 	The Tibetan government, at the behest of a museum in Bombay, had requested Gyume Dratsang to create a 3-D mandala of the Great Compassionate One. Gyume Denma Tsultrim Donden came to me with some questions regarding its construction, whereupon I gave an extensive commentary. 

 	On the seventeenth of the latter seventh month Tashi Lhunpo’s Lochen Rinpoche’s six year old incarnation, came to see me from Spiti Kyil Monastery with an entourage of about twenty including Yongzin Kachen Lozang Gyältsän. The Tulku was extremely bright. When we had tea, without any shyness, he started the tea offering verse, ‘ Ganchen Shingta…194’ all by himself. The following day I gave Lochen Tulku and his entourage as well as a large number of Spiti area people long-life initiation by means of the Je Tse Tzin Ma, Je Rinpoche Sustainer Of Life, long-life initiation and gave the Tulku novice vows and cut a tuft of his hair. I made him some offerings including a gold statue of Buddha and a vajra and bell. 
 	
 	Ganden Jangtse Para Rinpoche’s tulku was recognized and enthroned at Buxa. I read in a letter from Para Labrang’s Yeshe Tsewang in Buxa that when the Tulku was offered the khatak that I had sent, he rose to receive the khatak around his neck, then made three prostrations, bent down with his hands folded, and remained thus for a short time with a serious expression, and so on. His previous incarnation had been my faithful disciple, so some imprints seemed to have opened up. 
 	
 194 gangchen shingtay solje tsongkhapa 
 ngo tob rigmay wangchug gyaltsabje 
 do ngag ten pay dag po ke drub je 
 gyalway yab se sum la chöpa bul 
 	
 Tsongkhapa, blazer of the way for Tibet, 
 Gyaltsabje, lord of force of logic, 
 Kedrubje, lord of Sutra and Tantra, 
 To the father Buddha and sons, I offer. 
 	
 	151
 	
 	In the eighth month, requested by Tsechog Ling Chogtrul Rinpoche and Tzöpa, I offered to the Tulku and his entourage, Tepo Rinpoche, Lati Rinpoche and a large gathering of lamas, tulkus and geshes, outer, inner, and secret Manjusri jenangs from the Manjusri Dharmachakra. 

 	I was planning to move from the office where I worked in lower Dharamsala which had become too small. The Minister of the Interior Wangdu Dorje and a chief full time head, Kelzang Dradul, hearing my intentions, offered us to move to the bigger Printing House. I accepted and on the twenty-first of the eighth month, at an astrologically auspicious time, I sent my attendants such as Palden to move possessions beginning with a Guru Puja  Merit Field tangka and Eight Thousand Verse Prajnaparamita Sutra. Along the way, they met someone carrying milk, then people herding white goats, and then someone carrying the first printing of a White Tara Long-Life Practice Text that had been sent from Buxa – all pointing that the move was very auspicious. 

 	Upon Yongzin Ling Rinpoche’s order, I offered him transmission and commentary on Treasury Of Siddhis, the Yamantaka Guru Yoga by Tuken Chökyi Nyima, as well as its branches of accomplishing peaceful and increasing activities, restoration of degeneration of samaya relating to the five families of Yamantaka, peaceful and wrathful Manjusri protection, and so forth. 

 	On the third day of the ninth month, we physically made the move to our new residence. As I was leaving the old residence at Naroji Kotri, my neighboring Sangha saw me off with khataks. 

 	When we arrived at Ganden Kyishong offices Tashi Rabten, all of the workers of the Tibetan government offices and the master of Namgyel Dratsang Ratö Rinpoche met me with incense and so forth. As soon as I arrived at my room Tibetan government Kashag and Dharma Affairs Office representatives both offered khatak and the three bases, and then folks from all levels of society came to welcome me. Ratö Rinpoche personally sponsored Long-Life Puja for me with Guru Puja Ganachakra and so on. 

 	The next day, the school manager Mani Thang Jola’s family’s urgently requested me to give Sindhura Blessing of Vajrayogini to about one hundred lay and ordained people and offered Ganachakra. 

 	The same evening His Holiness the Dalai Lama came to my room and told me that it was very important that I like the room and that I continue to live for a long time. I told him I was so accustomed to clinging to permanence that I always wished to live long even in my dreams. 

 	At Sera Jey Rikya Tulku’s wish I offered him the Cittamani Tara Uncommon Heart Entry jenang, the ‘ Chig Gyu Ma’(Single Continuum), and reading transmissions of the Vajra Cutter Sutra and Condensed Perfection Of Wisdom Sutra. 

 	On the twenty-third His Holiness the Dalai Lama visited me and spoke to me about his recent visit to a Dharma center in Thailand. He told me about his schedule and how everyone there, from the king on down, had great respect and veneration for Dharma and the Sangha. He said there were many Theravadan Sangha communities flourishing there. He observed and was impressed by their peaceful manner which meant they have kept to a high level of pure conduct of Vinaya. He also had good discussions on the Samadhi of Shamata-Vippasyana, the Thirty-Seven Wings Of Enlightenment and so on. 

 	Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, on his way to Bodhgaya, came by and I offered him transmission and commentary on the Four Syllables That Avert Being Killed in reliance upon Yamantaka, and the Bathing Ritual For Clearing Obscuration of Dakinis. 

 	I sent the merchant Lozang Yeshe to Bodhgaya on pilgrimage to offer twenty-thousand light offerings for my deceased Lhabu’s roots of virtue and another twenty-thousand for all of the deceased, half in Varanasi and half in Bodhgaya. 

 	On the fourth day of the eleventh month I gave Ganden Shartse Tepo Rinpoche, Lati Tulku, Sera Jey Trehor Geshe Rabten and others explanatory commentary on Ganden Lhagyema Guru Yoga based on the root text in conjunction with the commentary Source Of Siddhis written by the Seventh Dalai Lama Kelzang Gyatso. 

 	On the tenth day of the twelfth month, on the anniversary of Serkong Dorjechang’s passing, requested by Tsänzhab Serkong Tugse Rinpoche, for Rinpoche himself, Ratö Rinpoche and other lamas, tulkus and geshes, the Sangha of Namgyäl Dratsang and Tzongka Chöde and others, including over a hundred ordained and lay men and women, I gave the Blessing Of Vajrayogini Sindhura Initiation followed by extensive Ganachakra Offering, thus fulfilling the people’s wishes. 
 	
 	When I was sixty-eight, western calendar year of 1968, February 29th, on the first day of the Tibetan year of the earth monkey, I had audience with His Holiness the Dalai Lama and then together we went to the Torma Protection Ritual site. After the ceremonies were over, I met with him in the living room and held leisurely discussions on general and specific things. In particular, His Holiness asked me the following questions. Is nirvana emptiness or not? Is there any difference in the delusions generated by grasping at the self-sufficient substantially existent personal identity asserted by the lower tenet systems, and the delusions generated by grasping at the inherent existence of personal identity asserted by the Prasangika Madyamika?
 
 	In the Prasangika system, since it is said that all delusions involve grasping inherent existence or ‘bear similarities’ of object, duration, etc. with grasping inherent existence, does that not mean that by meditating on selflessness as asserted by the lower tenet systems one could not abandon even the manifest delusions? I answered that there were differing assertions regarding whether nirvana was emptiness or not; that there is a difference of grossness and subtlety between the two above mentioned types of delusions; and that according to Prasangika system, meditation on selflessness in accordance with the assertions of the lower tenet systems can only temporarily suppress the grosser delusions but not eliminate them entirely and I spoke about the way the term‘Arhat’ is presented in the Abhidharma scriptures, etc. answering the questions according to my understanding. I don’t know if I was correct on all points or not. 
 	
 	On the eleventh, His Holiness came to my room and requested me to give explanatory transmission of Lamrim Chenmo at the request of his personal assistant, Kuchar Chökän, starting from the fifteenth. To repay the great kindness of all beings, I offered His Holiness the statue of Je Tsongkhapa and the old edition of Ganden published volume of Lamrim Chenmo. The book had arrived from Lhasa so auspiciously at the same time that I had gotten back my tangka of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden in the year of the water rabbit. For auspiciousness, I made an offering with a khatak with the following words written on paper, 
 	
 	Supreme tracks left by millions of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, 
       As explained by Lozang the Conqueror, treasure of wisdom, 
 	In every one of their stages passed through completely, 
 	This volume endowed with four supreme greatnesses, 
 	Is offered by one who has no good qualities to be observed, 
       Who is deluded, yet firmly ever faithful and devoted, 
 	To the leader of the world of both samsara and nirvana 
 	That he may turn the wheel of Dharma of the supreme vehicle! 

 	
 	On the morning of the fifteenth, I gave Mahayana precepts, for all of the office workers from Dharma Affairs office, and other lay and ordained people, about seventy, I gave Mahayana Precepts. 

 	The previous year I had begun writing a detailed outline of the subjects revealed by the root text of Je Tsongkhapa’s Short Lamrim.With great effort, I completed it on the twenty-sixth.after which Dänma Jampa Chögyäl began typesetting it for publishing.
 
 	On the fifth of the second month, sponsored by Gyutö Dratsang, the abbots, lamas, and Sangha performed Long-Life service with Guru Puja  and expression of words of truth for me.
 
 	After that, at Gyume Trehor Samtän’s wishes, in the field in front of my room, for two days, I gave the Namgyel Dratsang monks, the Sanghas of Tzonga Chöde, the three monastic seats coming from Dalhousie, and the two Tantric colleges the uncommon explanation of Ganden Lhagyema  based on Kyabje Pabongka’s teachings. 

 	On the first of the third month, at the wishes of Pänpo Naland Chogye Trichen Rinpoche, I offered he and his entourage Long-Life White Tara Initiation. 
 	
 	153
 	
 	Sera Jey Tsangpa Geshe Rabgyä had been in retreat for over six months aiming to attain Samadhi of Shamata. He had failed to keep his mind in single pointed concentration. He asked me where had he gone wrong. I advised him to think that his mind had mixed with or absorbed into its object and also suggested that it might help if he imagined the object to be heavy. If that didn’t help, I said, it would be good to put aside sessions of meditation for a while and to make prayers and do practices for purification and accumulation. Later he said that it had helped. 
 	
 	On the third Ganden Shartse Dratsang issued an urgent call to perform extensive long-life puja to pacify obstacles to my life, in Dharamsala, Tepo Rinpoche and other lamas, tulkus and geshes, together with all of the monks of Ganden Shartse there, performed Guru Puja  Ganachakra with the Ritual For Preserving Life From the Lord Of Death.195 
 	
 	On the twentieth, His Holiness, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I were guests at the anniversary of the Children’s Village There His Holiness discussed the Lamrim teachings in which it is stated that any single round of the twelve links of interdependent origination must be completed within three lifetimes; that it was impossible for it to have to take four, five, or more lifetimes. I offered my inputs giving the example that if a bardo being going towards hell (a hell bardo being), through the force of virtue, shifts to transform into a bardo being going towards deva realms (a deva bardo being), even though the interdependent links of craving and grasping had already catalyzed a previously created negative karmic potential and the person had become a ‘hell bardo being,’ no hell rebirth takes place at that time. Then, if it takes place at a later time, either the karmic potential is re-catalyzed or the earlier craving and grasping would have already served that purpose, but in either case it would require four, five, or more rebirths for the full cycle of that single round of the twelve interdependent links to be completed. I also mentioned that the Chittamatrins assert that in such a case the karmic potential must be catalyzed once again, but they don’t seem to feel that this entails that a single round of the twelve interdependent links may take four or five lifetimes to complete. That evening the Children’s Village children offered the drama of Lha Lama Kubön’s life at the point he was inviting Atisha to Tibet. It was performed according to valid sources and well played and acted. 

 	On the twelfth of the fourth month, in Dalhousie, sponsored by the Sanghas of Sera, Drepung, and Ganden, His Holiness and all of the Sangha who had attended my Lamrim Chenmo teachings did Long-Life Puja for me with Prostrations and Offerings to the Sixteen Arhats. For auspiciousness of the Sangha’s indestructible aspiration, my seat was placed over a drawing of the sealed closed fangs of the lord of death. The monetary offerings from the assembly I had offered back. To make the clouds of offerings for His Holiness to take Bodhisattva vows, His Holiness gave one thousand Indian rupees and asked for grand offerings to be arranged. Due to lack of storage space in the premise, over three hundred large stacks of perfect kapsi–fried sweets made with melted butter and the ‘three sweets’– and various kinds of fruit of fine quality were collected in bushel baskets. 
 	
 	On the thirteenth, the day of the actual Bodhicitta offering, at eight in the morning, His Holiness came to my room and took the Bodhisattva vows by himself. Then in the early dawn I took aspiring and engaging Bodhisattva vows in connection with Jorchö–Lamrim Puja. His Holiness and I then made extensive Lamrim Puja offerings together as a preliminary. 

 	After that, I gave His Holiness the Bodhisattva vows based on Shantideva’s system in which the aspiring and engaging vows were bestowed simultaneously. His Holiness gave an alms bowl filled with fruit as his offering for generation of Bodhicitta. Together, we recited the 
‘ Namzhig Dorden..’–‘When, in Bodhgaya…’ verse three times and Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Conduct, following the practice of the previous Gurus in an undeclined manner.
 
 	After that, he went to the Palace and kindly gave attendees of the Lamrim Chenmo teachings, the Bodhisattva vows, thus giving birth to the seed of omniscient enlightenment.
 
 	On the eighth of the fifth month, sponsored by the people of Chatreng, Ganden Shartse Labrang, Zong Rinpoche, Zemey Rinpoche and so on, a Long-Life Puja was offered to me As 

195 nyi bui’ ‘tse wa rgyang du bsings pai’ cho ga 
 	
 	154
 	
previously arranged and agreed, we instituted a Chatreng Welfare Society for which I donated 2,000 Rupees as seed for a capital fund. 

 	On the eighth day of the seventh month, I went to the ceremony celebrating His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s moving from his old palace, Sarva Asheram, to his new Kapu Tarlai Tegchen Chöling Palace residence. I offered him khatak and the three bases. After the Faces of the Great Compassionate One statue and the Kyidrong Jowo Wati Zangpo statues had been brought with incense and installed in the great assembly hall, His Holiness and we two tutors with Namgyäl Dratsang made offerings, performed ablution and consecration, auspicious Sojong and a recitation of the Twenty-Thousand Verse Prajnaparamita Sutra, with everyone simultaneously reading a different section. After the ceremonies were over, I returned to my room. 

 	From the twefth, for three days, the new Palace was consecrated by ten Sangha of Gyume Tantric College including the abbot and lama, and some of the Namgyäl Dratsang Sangha, performing the Guhyasamaja Tantra . In addition, ten monks of Gyutö Tantric College including the abbot and lama, and eight of the Namgyäl Dratsang monks did the Chakrasamvara Tantra, Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche presided over the Guhyasamaja ritual while I acted as vajra master for the Chakrasamvara ritual. 
 	
 	With impetus from Sera Jey Dänma Jampa Chögyäl I arranged a new supplemented outline for the Short Lamrim. A thousand copes were to be printed out at the Lower Dharamsala Publishing House for which he was happy to cover the costs. 

 	Pagri Richung Potö Käntzin, the reincarnation of the abbot of Ganden Shartse, Muli Käntrul Thubten Lamzang, had been born in Bhutan. When he was eight, the disciples of his previous incarnation brought him to the monastery. He came to my room and I took his hair tuft, and gave him the ordination name of Lozang Dönyö Päldän. 

 	Markam Zeudru Monastery’s Gangkar Lama Rinpoche Könchog Chödrag’s Tulku had died of sickness during the fighting in Kham. Not only because I had been requested over and over by the monks of the monastery and many of the Tsaka Lhopa people to check for his reincarnation, but also because of the strong connection between us through pure samaya and commitment in Dharma work, I also felt that it was my responsibility, and so for three years I had asked the Gadong Oracle for prophecy and each time the answer had been the same: He will definitely be found in part of his own province, to the east of Dharamsala. My own divinations also matched and indicated a fortunate boy named Karma Lhundrub of a Tsaka Lhopa family from the Gangtog Lamzo region. 

 	In addition, Apo Wangdän, whose previous life was one of the attendants of Gangkar Lama, was ordered to check up on the boy in secrecy. When he arrived, they told him that the boy had been saying there was someone coming that morning. 

 	Once Wangdän had arrived, the boy made him put several of the household’s silver butterlamps and a set of water offering bowls into the bag that he was carrying and confidentially comfirming that he was the true incarnation, which was officially recognized as Gangkar Lama’s Tulku. 
 	
 	The sponsors of the Rikon Tibetan Monastery had completed the construction of Rikon Monastery in Switzerland and had been insistently inviting Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I to go for the opening ceremony. Therefore, on the twenty-third, I went to pay respect to His Holiness and asked for permission to take leave for Switzerland. I also offered him a volume of the first half of the new extensive outline for the Short Lamrim that had already been printed. On the twenty-fifth, Päldän, Norbu Chöpel and I left Dharamsala for Patankot where we met Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche. 

 	From there we took the train together and soon arrived at the old Delhi train station. His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s older brother, Gyälwa Döndrub and officers of the Tibetan government and Tibet House and a large group of Tibetans greeted us upon arrival at the Tibet House where we stayed. At ten in the evening of the twenty-seventh, we left Delhi airport for Paris. We had short layovers in Cairo and Israel and arrived in Paris at seven in the morning the next day. There, we changed planes for Zurich. When we arrived in Zurich, the Tibetan government affairs officer Palha and all of the monastery sponsors, Känpo Sera Jey Trehor Geshe Ogyän Tsetän and many lay and ordained Tibetans greeted us. We rested in a hotel there for a short time and then took the train to Rikon Monastery. After an auspicious greeting ceremony in the Tibetan custom, we went to retire in our rooms. 

 	On the first day of the eighth Tibetan month, all of the factory worker sponsors had vacation, so Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I together with our entourages took the funiculair, and electric train-car that carried about twenty people, straight up to the top of the Rike Mountain. 

 	There we relaxed in a very fine restaurant and had some refreshments. Then taking a clockwise tour around the mountain, we saw beautiful scenery of trees and lakes. Later on, we took the funiculair back down and, took the opportunity to tour a Christian church where we saw Christian practitioners in the midst of prayer. Our sightseeing that day took us from eight in the morning until ten at night and I felt a bit sick during the mountain tour. The road was long and winding as well and we had traveled without much break. As a result, I became exhausted and had a headache. The great efforts at hospitality from the sponsors had become somehow a nature of suffering for me! 

 	On the seventh of the eighth month, the opening ceremonies for the new monastery began. 

 	A large group of the Tibetans who lived around the vicinity and the Swiss public, greeted us and paraded their way by raising banners and playing music with flutes and drums. At the head was Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and myself, with all of the gathered lamas and monks, dressed in the three Dharma robes, all of us were moving in a peaceful and controlled manner, as in a subdued Arya conduct. When we arrived at the doors of the monastery, Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche did the ribbon cutting ceremony while the rest were reciting the verses of auspiciousness of the Three Jewels of Refuge. We entered the assembly hall and we sit in rows. Then we performed the invocation, ablution, including the recitations such as the Seven-Limb prayer, thereby blessing the place and the objects therein. 

 	After that, we proceeded to made offerings before the principal Buddha statue. His Holiness the Dalai Lama gave an address over the radio and Panglung Tulku translated it into Swiss German. All of the sponsors wanted us to give a lecture about the monastery. I spoke briefly about the difference between Buddhadharma and culture and how Buddhism had spread throughout Tibet pervasively without distorting the correct teachings and practice into something other than Buddha had intended, and that Tibetan Buddhism was not some fragmentary fabricated teaching that we had created all by ourselves. After the lecture, the ceremonies ended.
 
 	On the eighth, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche gave a White Tara Long Life Initiation to the lay and ordained public, after which I gave jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From Lower Realms and also gave brief advice on spiritual and wordly affairs. That evening, with the Tibetan Government Dharma Affairs Officers, the families of the monastery sponsors as well as friends from other countries such as Doctor Lindaker, and we had a grand feast in the Swiss style. 

 	Kyabjchog Yongzin Ling Rinpoche had received transmission of the Lamrim Chenmo commentary from the great Thirteenth Dalai Lam when he was young. Since he had not finished 
receiving the transmission from the great Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa, therefore he requested me to give him the lineage transmission of the commentary. To fulfill his wish, and starting from the seventeenth of the eighth month, I began to offer him with determined continuity the brief transmission of the commentary, without omitting any part of the subjects covered. 

 	Later, one day at the request of the Tibetan community of Rikon, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche gave a public Green Tara jenang and I gave a Siddhiraja Long-Life Initation. 

 	On the morning of the twenty-third, the Doctor in Turbintal did a check up examining my chest, particularly to check if I had any heart problems or not. He said that I had no serious sickness or problems that he could detect. 
 	On the twenty-seventh, we performed ritual for offering mantras into the main Buddha statue in the Rikon Monastery with Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, myself, and four of the monastery Sangha including Geshe Ogyan Tseten. Afterwards, Rinpoche and myself put in the first mantras and we began to fill the statue in an elaborate way. 

 	On the twenty-eighth, the doctor came to examine my blood pressure. He said my blood pressure which was in the range of a hundred and should go up to the hundred and forty range. He then advised me to eat plenty of meat, milk, yogurt and vegetables. 

 	On the second of the ninth month, Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I were invited to Krogen by my students and some Tibetan students. When we arrived at the Tibetan House Yumbu Lagang, we were greeted by Tibetan children with flowers, incense and various offerings. After a brief ceremony inside following Tibetan customs and tradition, we retired to our rooms. 

 	As Tashi Tong Ragra Tulku had previously requested, I gave him and Kungo Palha Thubten Ödän the uncommon Ganden Lhagyema  commentary on the basis of Dorjechang Pabongka’s teachings with medium elaboration, summarizing all the points. 

 	On the sixth, at Yumbu Lagan, for the Tibetan children of Lugzung Ngönga, president Ragra Tulku, Tashi Tong Söpäl, the Tibetan teacher Shödrung Rabgangpa, Kungo Palha and others, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche gave Orange Manjusri and Green Tara jenangs  in the morning, and in the afternoon I gave White Tara Long Life Initiation and White Sarasvati jenang. Because I didn’t have a Sarasvati text at the time, I performed from memory the ritual for the front and self-generated Deities as is usually done in Kriya Tantra and also gave the actual jenang according to the general procedures for any yidam. At the time of the mantra transmission, I added the circle of Sarasvati’s mantra with emanation and collection visualization. I was starting to act like those who without valid source trying to deceive others who are as crazy as them, without any essence! 

 	On the seventh, invited by the city of Atarbhil, which includes the village of Korghen, Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I went there again together. He had not had the slightest time off but he had such loyalty and love for the Tibetan people that he would never even show any appearance of being tired. Whatever he did or suggested was always ultimately for their benefit. He asked, ‘Why do Tibetans put so many dragon designs on rugs and things? The Chinese have other reasons for using the symbol, not just for auspicious increase of renown, like the dragon’s roar of thunder that reaches everywhere!196 

 	The next day I gave Rakra Tulku the jenangs of Vajrapani Azure Clothed One, The Five Wrathful Garuda Vajrapani, and Vajrapani Great Wheel. 

 	On the morning of the ninth, I went to the village temple with Yongzin Ling Rinpoche to make offerings, prayers, and consecrate it. We left that evening to go back to the Tibetan Monastery in Rikon. 

 	There was a Hungarian man who was a German professor, a scholar named Paulo who had been pleading for a long time for me to give him ordination vows. Having found out that there were no prohibitive factors that would prevent him from taking ordination, with five monks including Geshe Ogyen Tseten and Lodrö Tulku, and using an accurate translator, I gave him the vows and the Dharma name Tenzin Chöpel. 

 	Although children of Tibetan families and Tibetan children adopted by Swiss families scattered in different directions that were not students in Korghen had good living conditions, most of them had already forgotten their Tibetan language. There was a danger that many of them would no longer even think of themselves as Tibetans. Because of this, Kungo Palha had intended to arrange a gathering for the youth in some suitable locations in Switzerland to commemorate the Thirtieth Anniversary – the day of the Tibetan Uprising, however he had never been able to finalize the arrangements. With this in mind, on the day of the thirtieth, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I invited all of the adoptive parents of those children for tea at Rikon Monastery. About sixty children and their parents came and we had tea, fruit juice and food. We spoke to the parents at length about the importance of trying to prevent the children from losing their Tibetan language and culture. We also advised the children that it was noble and excellent to cherish knowledge of their own people’s spoken and written language. Advising that, starting the next year, they would gather on His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s birthday just as we were doing then, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I together donated one thousand Swiss francs to cover expenses for the first gathering and Doctor Ashman committed to organizing it. It was announced to everyone and all the parents and children were extremely delighted about the news. 
 	
196 The dragon, as a symbol of China, portends spreading of Chinese influence. 
 	
 	157
 	
 	The next day, all of the monastery sponsors and their families, the assistant head of the monastery, Dr. Lindaker, head of the Red Cross Mrs. Fisher, Mrs, Chodenbar who was responsible for the Tibetans living in Switzerland, Doctor Ashman and others who had relations with the Tibetans, various important people, Kungo Palha of the Tibetan Government Foreign Affairs office, His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s older brother, Lozang Samten, and so on, were invited and Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I together put on a grand feast to thank everyone for their efforts so far and, at the same time, urge them to continue in the future. 

 	On the fifteenth, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I, the abbot of the monstery Geshe Ogyän Tsetän and four monks performed a somewhat elaborate consecration of the temple, the main Buddha statue, and other representations of enlightened body, speech, and mind, starting with Solitary Hero Yamantaka yoga and using the middle length consecration ritual Tashi Nyema as the basis; then, filling it out with the Pältrü and Chogtrü (glory ablution and supreme ablution) from the extensive consecration ritual. During the dedication, I also placed the eight auspicious substances into the hands of all of the families of the sponsors including assistant Lindaker.
 
 	On the day of the eighteenth, invited by both the Tzarong Pü Yabtsang and Trehor Dragsä Tulku’s households, Palden, Norbu and I went together to Ebnatakapel and stayed three days there enjoying great hospitality.
 
 	On the twenty-second at the request of Tsaripa Puntsog’s family of the Munkuling settlement, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche gave the jenang of Vajrapani Three Combined Wrathful Ones to about one hundred people and I gave the Siddhiraja Long Life Initiation. That evening with Tsaripa’s sponsorship we offered Guru Puja with Ganachakra with the Sangha and public.
 
 	On the twenty-sixth, me and my entourage, went to the Bhaoma settlement at their request, we performed at each of the rooms of the twenty one newly arrived Tibetans ablution and consecration and gave general Dharma advice as well. Afterwards we had lunch in Walda, at the house of Trehor Lozang Nyima and my niece Tashi Drolma. After that, we were invited to Landakotra by Dragyab Rinpoche, Shagkor Käntrul, and Yiga Tulku and, over a weeklong period, we were treated with great hospitality. I offered three days of private instruction to Dragyab Rinpoche, giving experiential commentary on the generation and completion stages of the Venerable Goddess Kurukulla. Dragyab Rinpoche, Shagkor Käntrul, and Yiga Tulku especially bought a big tape recorder saying that they wanted me to record a song of realization for them. 

 	Accordingly, I recorded whatever chants came to mind. 

 	As Kungo Palha and Dr. Lindaker requested, on the sixth of the tenth month, Palden and I went to the hospital in the Swiss city of Winterthur for a rest and a checkup. The facilities of the hospital are of the highest standards and quality. Many specialists began to examine the two of us for various ailments by conducting X-ray, urine and blood tests, etc. We sent Norbu Chöpel back to Germany for sightseeing with Dragyab Rinpoche in Bonn. 

 	After we had stayed at the hospital for two weeks, on the twenty-sixth, the Winterthur 
 doctor said that I had almost completely recovered from the tuberculosis that I had had before. 

 	However, he advised me that it would be good to complete the cure by going to Waldra hospital, so Palden and I went there and stayed in a sterile room. Norbu Chöpel came back from Germany and stayed with Trehor Lozang Nyima and my niece Tashi Drolma’s near the hospital and came again and again to see us there. The hospital was situated on a mountain with great forests scenery. On the lower floors there was a place for the patients to play games and places to watch television and listen to the radio. Outside there were huge grounds for strolling; in short, it had every kind of facility you could want and the food was also wholesome and excellent.
 
 	The treatment was quite elaborate with doctors coming frequently all day long to examine Palden and I by various means such as x-rays, give us injections and so forth. At the strong request of Ratö Lozang Jamyang, I excused myself from the hospital for two days to go to Rikon Monastery to give Vajrayogini Sindhura Blessing, and on the twenty-fifth of the eleventh month, gave the Vajrayogini Blessing. The next morning I gave Lodrö Tulku reading transmission of many chapters of the Chittamani Tara teachings and gave Geshe Ogyän Tsetän instructions on the practice of the ritual for hooking life force and longevity. I returned to the hospital that evening. 
 	
 	158
 	
 	My daily reading at that time was a Life of Buddha by Japa Kelsang Gyatso, printed in China, which Lodrö Tulku had lent to me.
 
 	On the fifth of the twelfth month, a doctor who lived in Zurich named Bharongni who was renowned as a mind specialist came. He asked questions about how one moves from one life to the next, how an incarnate tulku takes birth, what practice is necessary for attainment of liberation, how to meditate on emptiness, and so forth. I gave answers appropriate to the occasion for each of his questions. 

 	On the thirteenth, Dr. Sopel came to say that the TB in my lungs was very well healed, and that it would be better for Palden to prolong his treatment a bit longer because there were still some remnants of the disease on his left side. 

 	On the sixteenth, for auspicious celebration of the new year of the earth-cock, I offered to the great lamas such as His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, Sakya Trichen, and Karmapa Rinpoche, and some of the Tibetans with whom I had close connections with, colored prints of a tangka depicting the life of Atisha with a verse I composed printed on the back. The verse said, 
 	
 	To invite all auspiciousness from above, on and below the earth, 
        To a splendid garden blooming with thousand-fold perfection, 
        The happy peacock sings a charming song 
 	From his forest thick with turquoise leaves of goodness and bliss.197 

 	On the twenty-fifth, I left the Wal hospital. I offered Dr. Sopel, who had been responsible for taking care of me, a small gift of a square Tibetan rug and some pictures of yaks. He gave Palden and I great relief when he told us that we were both completely free of disease. As the Vidyadhara Jigme Lingpa said, 
 	
 	Except for those who see the truth, 
 	None of those labeled monks, Brahmins, or lamas, 
 	Are free of the swamp of the eight worldly dharmas, 
 	Concerned over things such as gain and loss! 
 	
 	As he says, it is human nature that we always feel happy to hear good news. I left the hospital with a large amount of medicines that they gave me that I was to continue taking to maintain my health. 
 	
 	Staying at Lozang Nyima and Tashi Dolma’s house, I offered Ganachakra on the twenty-fifth of the lunar month. The next day I went to Rikon and relaxed in Gyaltsen Namdröl’s room. 
 	
        Then, having accepted the persistent requests of Patsab Zhabzur Ozer Ngawang Tabshe of the Tibetan Youth House Trisong Ngonga in England and Ganden Shartse’s Geshe Tsultrim Gyaltsen, at eleven in the morning of the twenty-ninth, I flew from Zurich to London. We were greeted by some representatives of the Tibet Office in England, Rächung Tulku Tabshe, Zhabzur Ozer Ngawang, and others. We took the train together from there and arrived at Tibet House at four in the afternoon. 
 	
 	I turned sixty-nine in 1969 and on the seventeenth of February, first day of the new year of the earth bird, in the assembly hall of the England Tibet House Trisong Ngonga, we grandly celebrated New Years in the Tibetan custom with my entourage, the Dharma teacher Geshe Tsultrim Gyaltsen, president Zhabzur Tabshe and students. Everyone recited refuge and bodhicitta, Manjusri Praise,198 and His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s long-life prayer. During that day, many Tibetan youth came to meet me from London and various other locations and, through in-depth conversations with them regarding their various situations, I advised them that they must not let their knowledge and familiarity with their own people and culture, or their faith in Dharma, and so 

197 The verse incorporates the New Year’s greeting, ‘Tashi Deleg’ – auspiciousness, goodness, and bliss – and ‘Sa Ja Lo’ –year of the earth cock – within the lines of the Tibetan, some of which comes through in the translation. 
198 gang blo ma 
 	
 	159
 	
forth decline. 

 	After New Years, over a period of days, I gave Geshe Tsultrim Gyaltsen alone the four initiations of Gandhapa Heruka Chakrasamvara Body Mandala Initiation with the extra day of preparation. After that, I gave him and Zhabzur Tabshe the Four-Initiation Blessing of Vajrayogini. 

 	Then I gave all including the school president, teacher and students Siddhiraja Long-Life Initiation and reading transmission of the Lamrim Nyamgur – Song of Realization. I also advised everyone to increase their knowledge of Dharma as they gained more worldly knowledge and to act well so as to be a good example of the Tibetan people for others in the foreign countries. 
 	
 	The next day, I went to see the city of Hastings, near there, there was a restaurant on a long pier out in the ocean, and various places where games were played. The Petzalozi village administrator and about fifteen people connected with the school invited me to a dinner feast where I praised them for the great assistance they had offered so far, and urged them to continue the good work which they were doing. 
 	
 	On the sixteenth, I left Trisong Ngonga and spent the night at a hotel in London. That day we visited a planetarium. We saw a film which demonstrated the movement and functions of the planets including the sun and moon. One could see the stars in the sky just as at night and also clearly see how the moon waxed and waned. 
 	
 	The next morning, I gave a detailed commentary on Shamata meditation to an English lady who had faith in Dharma and who was also an acquaintance of Rechung Tulku. Later that day we went to see a famous old castle of the English queen where there were various objects of royalty such as the queen’s valuable hats, and a wildlife refuge where there were all sorts of birds and wild animals. 
 	
 	On the eighteenth, the England Tibet Office invited me to a gathering to commemorate the Tibetan Uprising Day, the ‘Thirtieth.’ There were about two hundred English men and women and over fifty Tibetan people. An address of His Holiness the Dalai Lama was played over the radio and I also gave a brief lecture which Rinchen Drolma translated into English. Tibetan children sang the National Anthem and performed Tibetan dances and songs, auspiciously demonstrating some of what is special about our people. 
 	
 	On the nineteenth, I took a flight out of London for Paris. When I arrived, Dagpo Bamchö Jampäl Lhundrub Gyatso Pälzangpo Chogtrul Rinpoche, Shödrung Norgyä and a number of Mongolians were there to greet us. We went to stay at Bamchö Rinpoche’s house. Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche was staying there for some medical treatment at the time so I had the good fortune to see him and to catch up on the news of what had occurred since we had last met. We also asked to travel back to India together. 
 	
 	On the twenty-first, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and I were invited to a Mongolian New Year’s feast celebration by some Mongolians that were permanent residents in Paris. Along with New Years greetings, I praised Mongolian culture and offered a few ideas regarding the importance of holding on to native Mongolian customs. 

 	The next day Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche left for Switzerland ahead of me. The day after that, I gave a brief commentary transmission of the Three Principal Paths to Bamchö Rinpoche, Thubten, Ngawang Dragpa, the two lady owners of the house and others. I also gave them the beginning of a reading transmission of Ngagrim Chenmo. 

 	We went to a museum in Paris one day where there was a display of skeletons showing how the people in the world had originally evolved from apes and how man had progressed from using tools made of stone up to the manufacture of many goods and fabrics. 

 	On the twenty-seventh, invited to a place called Belenu where there were twenty Tibetan boys and girls together with their president Shödrung Norgyä Tabshä, I stayed there one day, making a Dharma connection through transmission and instructions on Ganden Lhagyema and the Gangloma (Manjusri Praise) and giving advice. The children also put on a show of dance and song. 
 	I was satisfied to see that their calligraphy, drawing and conduct were good. 

 	I left Paris for Geneva where I stayed with Kungo Palha. On the eleventh of the second Tibetan month, I went from Geneva to Rekrenao where there was a Tibetan settlement and while staying there for a day, made Dharma connections and performed consecrations.
 
 	The next day we went to a Tibetan settlement in Utrivil. There I gave Vajrapani Three Wrathful One jenang. Afterwards I went to Rikon where I had a relaxed meeting with Yongzin Ling Rinpoche in Gomang Gyaltsen Namdrol’s room. 

 	On the thirteenth, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche left ahead for Paris for another medical examination and, on the twentieth, I also left Rikon and took a flight from Zurich to Paris. There we reconnected with Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and his party. After a brief meeting with Bamchö Rinpoche and many others, I boarded the plane to India together with Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and we left Paris at nine o’clock that night. On the twenty-first a little after noon we arrived at the Delhi airport. Representatives of the Delhi Tibet Office and Tibet House, Ladaki Bakula Rinpoche, Nyagre Käntrul, Mongolian Tulku Guru Deva Rinpoche and others were there to meet us. We went to Delhi Tibet House where preparations for our stay had been made. Requested by Drepung Nyagre Käntrul Ngawang Geleg, I gave a brief commentary and transmission of Je Rinpoche’s Lamrim Song Of Realization to about one hundred people in the Tibet House assembly hall. 

 	On the twenty-third, I left Delhi and arrived back at my room in Dharamsala the next day. I went for audience with His Holiness the Dalai Lama to make a small offering and to pay homage to His Holiness. I was relieved to once again hear his playful speech. 

 	On the tenth of the third month, at the wishes of Näpo Ngödrub, to a group of aspirants I gave the Four-Initiation Sindhura Blessing of Vajrayogini along with making the offerings for the tenth day of the month. 

 	I offered five thousand Indian rupees for dedication of merits to the deceased to create a new silver statue of the Great Compassionate One, a statue of Guru [Rinpoche] Who Overwhelms The World to be made of copper and gold, and a statue of Buddha Shakyamuni to be offered into the statue of the Great Compassionate One Five Naturally Risen Ones, the main statue from the Lhasa Cathedral that had been destroyed by the Chinese communists, of which the head had been delivered into His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s hands that had been reestablished in the Ganden Podrang. 

 	On the tenth of the fourth month, His Holiness the Dalai Lama began giving commentary on Je Tsongkhapa’s Great Stages of Secret Mantra – Ngagrim Chenmo to a large gathering, including Sangha who always stayed with him and Sangha of Gyutö and Gyume. I therefore offered him an old edition of the text that had been published in the ‘overwhelming’ year of the fire horse, six years after Je Tsongkhapa’s had passed into paranirvana in the year of the earth boar. Its publishing had been arranged by Nedong Desi Dragpa Gyältsän, as the head of Gongkar castle in Lhoka, at the request of Gyältsabje, Togdän Jampäl Gyatso, and Sempa Chenpo Kunzangpa, and sponsored by four unnamed ‘leaders’. It was an accurate traditional single volume edition of Ngagrim Chenmo that had been offered during Gyältsbje’s seven year term as throneholder of the Gelug. Offering it to His Holiness, on the first page I wrote by hand, 

       This meaningful text that brings joy to the fortunate, 
 	Revealing the stages to be traveled, 
 	By the shortcut of the unique great yoga, 
 	To the state of pervasive lord Shri Vajradhara, 
 	That path to enlightenment, difficult to find in a million eons, 
        Unmistaken, this old man with the least ability to practice, 
        Who has long enjoyed its illuminating Samantabhadra wisdom, 
        Offers to the sublime guide of all existence and peace.199 

 	On the twenty-fourth, the seventy tantric monks of Gyutö Dratsang who had been attending the Ngagrim Chenmo teachings, including the abbot and lamas came to my residence and, offering 

199 Embedded in the lines are the words, ‘Dorjechang Chenpoi Lamrim Ganden Parma’, Ganden Edition of Vajradhara’s Great Stages of the Path, and ‘ Trijang Lozang Yeshe pul’ offered by Kyabje Trijang Dorjechang Lozang Yeshe. 
 	
 	161
 	
mandala and the three bases, sought my willingness to extend my life, reciting the auspicious words of truth of the sages for longevity and life-force200.
 
 	After the Ngagrim teachings were over, upon the joint request of I offered the Mahasiddha Kuntu Gewa’s system of Heruka Chakrasamvara Sixty-two-Deity Great Initiation including the day of preparation to almost a thousand people including the people from Ladak, Kunu, Spiti in the assembly hall of the Childrens’ village. 
 	
 	On the twenty-ninth, in conjunction with doing the monthly kangso of Dharmapala Gyalchen Dorje Shugden, I was going to confer jenang life entrustment to two monks of Sera Mey and one monk of Ganden Jangtse. Just as I had begun the kangso prior to giving the life entrustment, a courier arrived from Gangtog, the monk Lozang Dorje from Domo, with the first editions of my commentary to the ‘ Pagme Kelngön’ praise of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden, thus manifesting excellent auspiciousness. 

 	On the first of the fifth month, the abbots and lamas and monks of glorious Gyume Dratsang, approximately over one hundred came especially to my room to offer mandala and the three bases, to make prostrations, offerings and recitations of my long-life prayer, and the Sangha requested me to uphold the undeclined tradition of the great previous masters. 
 	
 	On the ninth, since the incarnation of Gangkar Lama of Markam Zeudru Maonastery had been definitively identified, he came to see me in Dharamasala. That same day the Zeudru Monastery monks requested invocation of the Gadong Dharmapala and, in the presence of the oracle the tulku, although only five years old, showed no sign of fear or bashfulness, etc. The Dharmapala also offered him tea and a khatak and, with great delight, lifted the tulku onto his lap. 
 	For the monks of Zeudru Monastery such as Tar a Tulku Rinpoche and Geshe Yeshe Thubten, it removed any doubt of the child’s identity and they were definitely convinced. They said they needed a long-life prayer for the tulku and were relieved to have me dictate one for them. 
 	
 	Dagpo Bamchö Chogtrul Rinpoche came from France to Dharamsala, and in order to fulfill his request, during his stay I gave nine people including Rinpoche and Tsänzhab Serkong Tugsä Rinpoche, Gandhapa Heruka Chakrasamvara Body Mandala Great Initiatio n over two days including the day of preparation. 

 	Starting on the first of the sixth month for seven days, by command of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and for sustenance of the spiritual and temporal affairs of the government, I went to the Nechung upper assembly hall and with the ritual monks, acted as vajra master presiding over fulfillment and confession ritual for The Five Bodies ( Ku Nga) and the emanated Dharma King Dorje Dragden, with Ganchakra, accumulation and so forth. 

 	On the fourth day of the sixth month, I gave novice vows to a German man named Roland and six Tibetans. I gave Roland the Dharma name Lozang Käldän. He was going to study Tibetan Dharma in Pavana and I gave him the text of the Fifty Karika Verses on the Novice Monk chapters. 

 	Starting from the tenth, I secretly gave seven days of commentary on Vajrayogini 
generation and completions stages to Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche and Dagpo Bamchö Rinpoche and attendant Pälden – just those three alone. 

 	I was requested to invoke the Deity for the Panglung Gyalchen’s (Dorje Shugden) deceased medium’s son, Dragpa Samdrub by those who relied on the Protector such as Sera Mey Pomra Kangtsän. After invoking Gyalchen Dorje Shugden several times successfully at my room, I invoked Panglung Tsängöd ( Panglung Wild Tsän) and while the Deity came very strongly, it did not remain very long. Because the medium did not seem to be sufficiently inwardly purified, we left it there for the time being with the expectation that, continuing as before, the Deity would eventually come. 

 	On the morning of the fifteenth of the seventh month I offered White Tara Long Life Initiation to Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche and his entourage. Then, starting in the afternoon, for eight days, b y request of Serkong Rinpoche and Bamchö Rinpoche, I gave the two of them, Ratö Chubar Rinpoche, Ganden Shartse Tepo Rinpoche, Pukang Lati Tulku, Geshe Rabten and others, 

200 Tse srog ring du bsrings pai’ drang srong bden tsig gi shis brjod 
 	
eight in all, commentary on Je Tsongkhapa’s Medium Length Lamrim on the basis of the extensive outline with which I had supplemented the text. Because they were all very knowledgeable I didn’t have to spell everything out as I would have to for beginners, and I could just give brief explanation of the major points. For the most part, they asked detailed questions regarding how to practice the meditation so it was not exhausting, as they had already accomplished what is otherwise deemed profound. 

 	On the fourth of the eighth month, by command of His Holiness, I went to his residence in the morning and offered him the Long-Life Empowerment of White Long-Life Heruka that is included in the Manjusri Teachings. In the afternoon I began giving him explanatory instructions combining four commentaries in one: Je Tsongkhapa’s Medium Length Lamrim, Lamrim Delam (The Blissful Path), the explanatory instruction of the southern lineage, Jampel Shelung ( The Manjusri Transmission), and the Liberation In The Palm Of Our Hands, notes of Kyabje Pabongka’s Oral Instructions. It took fifteen days to complete. At the conclusion I offered him the close lineage long-life initiation given by Mahasiddha Srivajra to the [third Dalai Lama] Gyälwa Sönam Gyatso. 

 	Starting from the twenty-third of the month, for three days I finished offering Kyabje Yongzin Trichen Ling Rinpoche the remainder of the commentary transmission of Lamrim Chenmo that I had begun offering him the previous year. Rinpoche could easily understand all difficult points of Sutra and Tantra, he is indeed a great teacher of many disciples, past and present. As I offered him the instructions, there was nothing at all that he had not already heard and understood, so I could put aside word-by-word explanation and make clouds of offerings to delight him with brief meditation instructions. 

 	A day after that, as Tsänzhab  Serkong Rinpoche told me that he needed reading transmission of some of Panchen Lozang Chökyi Gyältsän’s teachings that are kept under seal of secrecy, two chapters of the [Dharmaraja] Iron Castle 201 teachings including the Drug-chu-ma–Sixty Torma Offering– Iron Castle Blazing Wheel Of Lethal Weapons ritual, and my own composition Iron Castle ritual of Drug-chu-ma Torma Offering for outer Dharmaraja with the recitations, so I offered him the transmissions. 

 	As insistently invited by the Mussourie School and Youth House, on the seventh of the ninth month, I left Dharamsala for the Mussourie Tibetan Monastery and arrived there the next day. 

 	On the morning of the tenth Sakya Dagchen Rinpoche came to visit. He said that I must visit Sakya Dharma Institute in Rajpur on my way back to Dharamsala. In the evening, at Gomo Tulku’s wishes, I gave the Four Initiation Blessing of Vajrayogini to about one hundred aspirants in the monastery assembly hall. The next day I went to Sakya Dagchen Rinpoche’s and had a pleasant visit with him. Although Rinpoche was young, it was clear that his nature was that of the holy Manjusri Kön lineage as reflected by his study, thinking and conduct. This filled me with wonder and joy. 
 	
 	Starting the next day I gave the Long-Life White Tara Initiation and reading transmission of the Three Principal Paths to the boys and girls of the school and Youth House including a large gathering of the people of Mussorie. I then concluded with advice encouraging the youth in their spiritual and secular studies. Over a succession of days, I gave sixty-two boys and one girl ordination, some lay vows, and some novice or full ordination vows, conducted Sojong  in the monastery’s assembly hall, and performed consecrations at the school and in the rooms of the Youth House. 

 	On the seventeenth I left with an escort of the leaders and officers and Dharma disciples. On the way back I went to the Sakya Institute in Rajpur as Dagchen Rinpoche had suggested. I met a Sangha there of over fifty monks ranging in age from young to elderly. I made a distribution in the assembly and offered them extensive encouragement concerning how important it was that the Sangha be in harmony and practice their own system of Sutra and Tantra purely without decline, 

201 lchags mkar 
 	
 	163
 	
 	and so forth. Afterwards I left and went to the city called Ambhala where I spent the night at a guesthouse. I arrived back in Dharamsala the next day. 
 	On the twenty-eighth, at the wishes of Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche, I gave the Ngagtu (Mantra Accomplishment and   Authorization) Blessing for Rinpoche, his entourage, and Kungo Chogteng Ta Lama, and gave them reading transmission of the Gyume system, Yamantaka wrathful fire puja ritual of my own composition, and the ritual for suppression of harmful Si spirits. 

 	On the morning of the first day of the tenth month I went to upper Dharamsala of Podrang to accomplish the mantras for offering into the Guru Rinpoche and Buddha Shakyamuni statues. In addition, while I was there, I gave the Gyume abbot, lamas and a few monks reading transmission of White Tara Long-Life Practice and Kedrubje’s Mahakala Wish-Fulfilling Jewel Instructions, and explained a bit about the instructions for the practice.
 
 	Coming to me for the purpose of performing services for the spiritual and secular well-being of the government, I gave the abbot lama of Gyutö and nine monks instructions on the five points for protection and averting of harm through the Ten Wrathful Ones and the visualizations for the three-fold ritual of protecting, averting, and terminating. During that time I also offered His Holiness the Dalai Lama the two-day great initiation of solitary system Secret Hayagriva based on the text of Gyälwa Känchen Dragpa Gyältsän. 

 	Ladaki Bakula Rinpoche came especially to my residence in Dharamsala to urgently request me to come to the Ladaki Temple in Delhi when the Gelugpa Scripture Practice Society was sponsoring a meeting to commemorate the holy day of Je Tsongkhapa’s passing, Ganden Ngamchö. Therefore, on the Tibetan date of the twenty-second I went to Delhi. On the morning of the twenty-fifth, at the meeting at the Ladak library I gave a talk on Je Tsongkhapa’s deeds beginning principally with those of speech such as his study, and teaching, debate and composition, and Lhalung Lozang Puntsog translated into English. At the meeting, Dr. Sunesab, Dr. Rao and others asked a few questions about Je Rinpoche’s deeds and I gave answers in accordance. In the evening at the actual meeting there were a big gathering of many important people there such as the Indian minister Karen Sing, the Ceylanese ambassador, lay and ordained Tibetans and other froeigners. The minister Karen Sing, Ladaki Bakula Rinpoche, and various Buddhist and non-Buddhist speakers gave talks. I also spoke, using the public address system with Lhalung Lozang Puntsog translating in English, about the deeds of the great Tsongkhapa and the Teachings of Ganden Mountain – the Riwo Gedenpa - using an extensive lecture that I had composed regarding specific subjects such as how the tradition is one in which study, contemplation, and meditation, as well as scholarship, ethical purity, altruism, and practice are all cultivated inseparably, complementing one another. I left Delhi to return to Dharamsala on the evening of the twenty-seventh.
 
 	From the sixth of the eleventh month I was brought to the Dharamsala Medical School Teachers Puntsog Wangyal Cultural Library where I gave experiential commentary on the Seven 
Point Mind Training for three days. On the fifteenth, to fulfill the request from the Nyungnä group in upper Dharamsala for White Tara Long Life Initiation and reading transmission of the Mantra of Dependent Origination, in the temple for a large gathering of the public, I gave the long life initiation and transmission along with a somewhat elaborate explanation of the meaning of the mantra in Tibetan with the four line verse that begins, ‘ All phenomena arise from cause,’ (that expresses the Four Noble Truth’s revelation of how suffering is entered into and how it is ceased) and a brief explanation of the benefits of Nyungnä and the Six-Syllable Mantra. 

 	On the nineteenth His Holiness the Dalai Lama graced my door with his lotus feet unexpectedly and, giving me a present of blessing pills for Long-Life White Heruka practice. He told me that as he was doing Yamantaka retreat, he had had a good dream which enabled him to understand now the previously unresolved questions regarding points of Je Tsongkhapa’s Madyamaka teachings and his collected works, such as his Tsashe Tigchen (Great Commentary to Nagarjuna’s Root Wisdom), his Commentary to Chandrakirti’s Guide To The Middle Way ( Gongpa Rabsel), and his Drang-nge Legshe Nyingpo (Essence of Eloquence of the Provisional and Definitive). His faith and devotion were ripening into the supreme great wonder of the unexcelled qualities of a sublime holy being.
 
 	On the twenty-fifth of the eleventh month, for a large number of aspirants including Sharpa Karma Wangchug and Domo Gelong Chödar I gave the Four Initiation Sindhura Blessing of Vajrayogini. 

 	As a service for His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s obstacle year of thirty-seven, from the fifth of the twelfth month we began continuous White Tara long-life practice. On the eighth the new Guru Rinpoche and Buddha Shakyamuni statues in the Tegchen Chöling Temple were finished, so I went for auspicious Sojong, taking of precepts, and with devotion, offered His Holiness the blessed items that came out of the large box of the government’s holy objects that I had received as a gift when I had served in the creation of the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s reliquary stupa, and the blessed holy objects of many great beings of India and Tibet that I had obtained during my pilgrimages: Indian, Sakya, Gelug, Kagyu, Nyingma, Kadam, and so forth, unmixed, with indexes, all authentic, three hundred and twenty items, wrapped in yellow brocade. 

 	Starting on the tenth for three days, in the temple, His Holiness the Dalai Lama presided as vajra-master with thirty-two monks of glorious Gyutö including abbot and lamas, performed Shri Chakrasamvara practice, offering and consecration with the Geleg Charbeb (Loosing A Rain of Virtue and Goodness) ritual in an extremely pure manner, dissolving the mandalas of the wisdom beings inseparably into the commitment-beings of the statue with the complete preparatory, actual and concluding rituals. I participated in the ripening and increasing assembly.
 
 	On the thirteenth I invited the Gyutö abbot, lamas and Sangha to my room to perform ablution, consecration, and so forth. That evening I spoke to the monks extensively without concealing anything from the tradition of the Guru’s oral transmission regarding the purpose and function of ablution and purification of supreme and lesser objects by means of the great consecration, and the purpose and the provisional and definitive meanings of the club and torma of the Drugchuma and Iron Castle practices of Dharmaraja. 

 	On the twenty-third Tsurpu Karmapa Rinpoche, Zhamar Rinpoche, Katog Situ Rinpoche, Drungpa Gyältsab Rinpoche and Kongtrul Rinpoche came to my residence to see me. I offered them a meal and had a nice informal meeting with them. Karmapa Rinpoche urged me to compose a new Long-Life Prayer for His Holiness the Dalai Lama since his obstacle year was approaching. 

 	Accordingly, in connection with making requests to the Sixteen Arhats, I composed the Long-Life Prayer for His Holiness, The Sages’ Melodious Words of Truth.
 
 	I turned seventy in the western calendar year of 1970. The seventh day of the Tibetan year of the iron dog fell on the thirteenth of February. That day I went to act as Vajra Master to offer long-life services for His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s long life. With representatives of the Tibetan government, the different Dharma lineages and representatives of the general public, we performed the life extension ritual of preventing the Dakinis from escorting the master away, the ritual deriving from Dagpo Garwang’s pure vision of the Five Deathless Deities.
 
 	On the fifteenth, at the urging of Kachen Lozang Gyältsen that I compose a new long life prayer mentioning the previous lives of Tashi Lhunpo Lochen Tulku Rinpoche, using the Panchen Lama’s old account of the previous lives, I composed a new prayer and offered it to Lochen Tulku with a white khatak. 

 	After that I gave secret Hayagriva jenang to Sera Jey’s Rikya Tulku and his attendants and the Draminyän Long-Life Intitiation of the long lineage. As requested by Domo Dungkar Monastery’s Gelong Lozang Dorje, I gave him and his five companions including Tashi Lhunpo’s Ngagram Tsering Wangdü, great initiation of Gandapa Heruka Body Mandala. For Lozang Dorje who intended to do great retreat of Heruka Body Mandala, I gave a number of days of extensive commentary on how to conduct the retreat in the beginning, middle and end.
 
 	Because what seemed to be signs of harmful spirits had been repeatedly appearing to me in dreams, I performed Gyäl Tzong ritual assisted by Ganden Shartse Zong Rinpoche and the Gyutö monk Tamdrin Nyensong for three days. On the ninth of the second month the effigy torma was dispatched outside while I recited the Heart Sutra mantra and so forth, cultivating the view and meditation that ‘harmer’ and ‘harmed’ are ultimately unfindable, relative deceptive appearances arising like dreams and illusions that dissolve right where they are. This brought a termination to the bad signs in dreams. 
 	
 	Because His Holiness would soon be giving great initiation of Kalachakra around the full moon of the second month, over a hundred people from Chatreng who would be attending the teachings gathered to insist on offering a long-life puja for me. Therefore, with Zong Rinpoche presiding with the resident monks, they performed the ritual with  Guru Puja Ganachakra. They also offered twenty-one hundred Indian rupees but I accepted six hundred and offered the remaining fifteen hundred as an addition to the two-thousand-rupee capital-fund for the Chatreng welfare society. 
 	
 	Requested by the two Kalachakra initiation sponors, Bodhgaya monk Amdo Jinpa and Pashö Thubten, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche gave jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From Lower Realms in the Tegchen Choling Temple to over twenty thousand people in the morning. And after that I gave Atsiha’s Twenty-One Tara Initiation. 

 	On the thirtieth, as requested by the nun Ngawang Päldrön, I gave Mahayana precepts to a large gathering of lay and ordained people in the Temple. 

 	On the eighth of the third month I invoked the Dharmapala into the Lhoka Riwo Chöling Gyalchen Dorje Shugden oracle and asked for pronouncement regarding Kyabchog Pabongkha holy Chogtrul Rinpoche’s incarnation. He did not clarify beyond saying, ‘It will become clear!’
 
 	Even so, early next morning I dreamt that on a throne in a large reception room like the Nyiö Kyilwa (Swirling Sunlight) residence, was Sikyong Tagdrag Rinpoche. When I saw him he smiled and spoke about how Rinpoche should have lived long in service of the teachings. I said, ‘There was no hope that I could serve the teachings when I was young, but Kyabje Pabongkha’s Supreme Emanation combined qualities of learning, purity and altruism and we had great hope for him. For him to have passed away so suddenly when he was young and had not completed the full force of his studies leaves us very vulnerable in the lineage holders of our Ganden Teachings!’ I said, thus freely expressing my concern. He replied, ‘Mainaka emanated by the ten powers…’ reciting a beautiful verse he had composed. Some words like this, ‘Kadaka emanated by the ten powers…’ came to my mind and I kept on repeating them. Later, [when the tulku was recognized], it seems that this had been an indication of his mother’s name. 

 	On the twenty-second the Nepali Tibetan Ganden Chöpel Ling Monastery’s Dorje Shugden oracle was invited and I again asked Dharmapala for pronouncement regarding Kyabje Chogtrul Rinpoche. He said, ‘He was born last year. It has now been almost a year and ten months!’ When we checked later, the presently recognized young Chogtrul Rinpoche was born on the fourth of the seventh month of the year of the cock. That coincided with and confirming this prophecy. 

 	Starting from the twenty-third I offered His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche, on the basis of Dege Shar Lama Kunga Päldän’s text, experiential commentary on the generation and completion stages of Venerable Rigjema Kurukulla Who Controls The Three Realms, given in the manner with four-fold explanation, cutting misconceptions, ‘holding mind’202 and so forth, all in accordance with the tradition. In addition to that, I also offered them reading transmission of the one volume jenang ritual of the Thirteen Golden Dharmas of the Sakyas which was composed by Tagpu Garwang Rinpoche called Flow Of The Ganges. 

 	Starting on the third day of the first fourth month, in accordance with His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s instructions, I took a break from any outside traveling and did retreat on the Sixteen Drops Of The Kadampas, following which I did a White Tara Long Life Retreat for His Holiness’s long life. I finished my retreat on the twenty-fourth of the ‘second’ fourth month. 

 	After that, at the wishes of a Hungarian man, I gave a monk named Tenzin Chopel and a few people Solitary Hero Vajra Bhairava two-day great initiation and Vajrayogini Four Initiation Blessing. 
 	
202 sems ‘tzin gtong wa 
 	
 	166
 	
 	On the fifteenth of the sixth month I offered His Holiness the Dalai Lama initiation of the Sixteen Drops Of The Kadampas in the traditional extensive manner, based on the combined texts of Kachen Yeshe Gyältsän and Ngulchu Dharmabhadra. 

 	Starting on the sixteenth, I gave Kuzhab Zemey Rinpoche six days of experiential commentary on the generation and completion stages of Kurukulla on the basis of Dege Shar Lama’s text with ‘mind-holding’ and so forth. At the conclusion I continued by giving him commentary on Draminyen long-life practice on the basis of the root scripture of the Draminyen Long-Life Practice by Je Rinpoche, Kyabje Dorjechang’s Long Life Practice In Verse, and Je Sherab Gyatso’s two commentaries on long life practice. 

 	I continued fulfilling his requests in succession, giving commentary on the chapters of long life practice according to Sherab Gyatso’s teachings; Je Tsongkhapa’s commentary on Samayavajra recitation according to his twenty-one small writings on Guyhasamaja and also his commentary on Zaje Kadro Fire Puja; commentary on Nyän Tsembu system Avalokitesvara on the basis of Changya Rölpay Dorje’s teachings; the Three Essential Meaning Commentary of Mitrayogi system Avalokitesvara based on Jamyang Zheba Jigme Wangpo’s teachings; and commentary on the Blessing Of Speech on the basis of Lord Sherab Gyatso’s teachings. 

 	The Hungarian monk Tänzin Chöpel and German monk Lozang Kälden were leaving for their countries and, at their request I recorded for them the instructions on the need for relying upon antidotes to the three poisons and delusion and always examining the three doors of action, as well as a short introduction to the Middle Way view. 

 	Starting on the first of the seventh month, I gave Ratö Chubar Rinpoche, Kuzhab Zemey Rinpoche, Ganden Shartse Pukang Lati Rinpoche, and attendant Päldän, long-life initiations of the Machig Drubpay Gyälmo system secret Amitayus Twenty-three Red Wrathful Deities, the Nine Deities known as Rechungps’s Inner Intention,203 and the Nine-Deity Amitayus That Definitely Bestow Deathlessness along with blessings of the four empowerments. 

 	For faithful Tibetans in military training encamped at Deradun, at the persistent request of the Gomang Monastery administration, on the twelth of the eighth month I left Dharamsala and traveled to the army base called Chageritar. On the full moon day, on the field of the base, I gave jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms to about four thousand people including Tibetans of Gomang and students. The next day I gave Machig Drubpay Gyälmo Amitayus Long-Life Initiation. 

 	The following days, I went to visit the leader of the base, the Indian high commander and the chapels, for each group of one hundred people, I gave them various reading transmissions that they requested. I went to the army base school, hospital and so forth giving various Dharma instructions as they wished. On the twenty-second I left the army base and went to a crafts factory where unwell soldiers and their women relatives lived. There I gave consecrations and made some Dharma connections. After that, traveling through places such as Sarenpur, I arrived back at Dharamsala on the twenty-first. 

 	Starting from the first of the ninth month, I gave His Holiness the Dalai Lama three days of experiential commentary on generation and completion stage practices of the Cittamani Tara sadhana of Tagpu Dorjechang’s visionary close lineage on the basis of the root text and Kyabchog Dorjechang’s instructions. Then I gave His Holiness seven days of experiential commentary on the generation and completion stages of Vajrayogini, on the basis of four texts, the Vajrayogini sadhana Dechen Nyelam ( Short Path To Great Bliss) and the written commentaries of Tagpu Rinpoche, Ngulchu Dharmabhadra, and Shalu Rizur Lozang Kyenrab, and while giving oral transmission of all four, I gave the actual body of the commentary from memory, cutting superimpositions, giving points to remember and so forth, in the undeclined tradition of the glorious Sakyas. I also gave him oral transmission of some of the associated ritual activities such as the Vajrayogini Ngagtu –  mantra accomplishing and authorizing – jenang, the Cittamani Charbeb–
 	Loosing Rain Of Wishfulling Jewels, and so forth, perfectly fulfilling his wishes. 
 	
203 ras chung gong kug 
 	
 	167
 	
 	After that Yongzin Trichen Dorjechang Ling Rinpoche gave His Holiness the Dalai Lama Charya Tantra great initiation of Vairochana; I had the good fortune to receive it also and to help spread the supreme fruit of liberation. 

 	I offered, with faith, five thousand Indian rupees for the Ganden Monastery in the Mungod settlement. These were for making main objects of veneration in the new assembly hall; namely a statue of the great Je Tsongkhapa made of gold and copper measuring two feet eight inches in height, and statues of the two disciples that were two feet five inches height, complete with new pandit hats and covering garments. 

 	On the twenty-fourth, Mongolian Gurudeva, who had gone to a Dharma center in Dhakural outer Mongolia, came back with gifts of a volume of Chahar Geshe Lozang Tsultrim’s teachings; Mongolian Lozang Dorje’s single volume treatment of Lamrim Chenmo; Päldän Dorje’s lesson on presenting the two truths in the four tenet systems and his examination of Abhidharma; one chapter from Jadräl Lhawang Gyatsochän on the stories of Pänchan Sönam Dragpa and Gyalchen Dorje Shugden; one volume called Lamrim Lungme Shäbum (Collection of Lamrim Explanations), by Toyön Lama Döndrub Gyältsän; he presented me with all of these as well as a large pair of Chinese cymbals. The texts, more rare than gold, were a supreme gift! 

 	The novice monk, Thubten Pelgyä, the deceased Panglung oracle’s son, was definitely receiving invocation of Dorje Shugden principal and entourage and on the twenty-sixth we performed the oracle’s channel opening ceremony204 with the placing under oath, entrustment and so forth, at a gathering which included me, Domo Chogtrul Rinpoche, Ratö Rinpoche and others. 
 	Invoked in succession were Gyalchen Dorje Shugden, Setrab, Chingkarwa, and Yumar Tsängöd. 

 	On the fourth of the tenth month I left Dharamsala for Bodhgaya. On the sixth Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche’s Labrang sponsored long life ritual for me with a public gathering of the Bodhgaya Sangha in the monastery assembly hall performing Guru Puja with Ganachakra with Yongzin Trichen Dorjechang the supreme, reciting the verses of offering each of the eight auspicious signs and substances and the expression of auspiciousness for long life with the Sages Melodious Words of Truth and rain of flowers. 

 	Without any apprehension about giving instructions on the profound meaning of the Vajra Vehicle of Secret Mantra, as Yongzin Ganden Tripa Lingtrul Dorjechang had previously requested of me, starting on the eighth of the month, I began privately giving him transmission of the commentary of the Great Je Rinpoche’s Ngagrim Chenmo. We continued from that day, every day without break, from two o’clock in the afternoon until nightfall. 

 	Thinking that perseverance in making offerings and service to the Three Jewels is of supreme essential importance, each day I made over ten thousand light offerings at the foot of the Stupa. On the full moon day in the Bodhgaya Monastery I provided all-day services and made distributions. I also donated a thousand Indian Rupees toward having new murals painted on the walls. In the evening I invited Kyabje Yongzin Ganden Tripa Ling Rinpoche to the gathering monastery and made extensive practice of the ‘Thousand Offerings’ at the Great Stupa for the sake of the deceased. 

 	On the day of the sixteenth the Ngagrim Chenmo transmission was complete. By practicing the sacred life-giving Dharma nectar of unexcelled liberation of the great secret teachings of Vajrayana, human life becomes meaningful. 

 	The day after that, as requested by the Bodhgaya monk Tsöndru Gyatso, I offered the Four Initiation Blessing of Vajrayogini’s Sindhura Mandala to about fifty attendees of the teachings who are mainly Sangha. 

 	On the eighteenth and nineteenth, at the wishes of Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, I offered him the great initiations of Solitary Hero Yamantaka and Thirteen Deity Yamantaka, with one day of preparation. Because the Supreme Rinpoche was a great vajra master with the twenty inner and outer qualities, the initiations could be completed summarily, one after the other, without extensive elaboration. 
 	
204 This is when a lama opens the channels of an oracle in preparation of receiving the Dharma protector through trances. 
 	
 	168
 	
 	On the twentieth we sponsored inviting Kyabje Yongzin Trichen Ling Dorjechang to the assembly hall of the monastery and, with the public gathering of the Sangha, offered Guru Puja Ganachakra   requesting him to remain until the end of samsara, and I made him a small gift as well. 

 	On the twenty-first, on the advice of Yongzin Tri Rinpoche and that of the Bodhgaya Sangha in general, I presented a brief, simple commentary and transmission of Ganden Lhagyäma and Foundation of All Good Qualities to over two hundred people in the assembly hall. 

 	The next day I left Bodhgaya for Varanasi. On the twenty-fifth, on the advice of Ama Migmar Drölma, I gave Four Initiation Blessing of Vajrayogini Sindhura Mandala to over two hundred aspirants including university students, lamas, tulkus and geshes at the Sarnath Tibetan Monastery. And in the evening, made the ‘Thousand Offerings’ before the Stupa. 

 	The next day I gave reading transmission of my Commentary to the Praise of Shugden to Ganden Shartse Zong Rinpoche, Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche, Chamdo Gyara Tulku, andTrehor Dhargye Monastery Dobum Tulku. 

 	On the eighth of the tenth month, I went from Varanasi back to Dharamsala by way of Delhi. As a service to avert any problems arising in His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s ‘obstacle’ year of age 37, on the twenty-seventh I began retreat on the Thirty-three Peaceful Deities of Machig Drubpay Gyälmo system inner Amitayus practice and took a break from any outside travel. 

 	On the tenth of the twelfth month His Holiness the Dalai Lama gave me a gift of an amount sufficient to provide funds to enjoy a noon meal every tenth day of the waxing and waning moons for three years and three months; figuring fifteen rupees a meal, it came to one thousand one hundred twenty-five Indian Rupees. He also gave me unwarranted praise as one who had ‘long practiced tummo and the Six Yogas’ completion stages.
’ 
 	In answer I offered him these verses, 
 	
 	Wishfulfilling Jewel, Guru of the three realms, 
 	When you, Lord, so abundantly expressed your affection, 
 	Regarding this brass as a mass of gold, 
 	My joy, faith, and devotion grew as if vying with each other. 
 	
 	If the messenger from the south will take a break for a while 
        From taking this decrepit old dog, 
 	What you have bestowed for food for three years of tenth-days,
        I will use for meals that will be voraciously devoured! 
 	
 	The short AH of tummo, foundation of completion stage, 
 	Heart nectar of numerous realized Indians and Tibetans, 
 	Is a hook that gathers the winds into the avadhuti, 
 	The practice 
 	of this tradition is the lifestyle of holy beings! 
 	
 	By the inner bliss-goddess’s playful movements, 
 	As lightning in the ‘path that has abandoned two’205 
 	Projections are all-at-once bound in dharmadhatu; 
 	The vision of that is, I feel, an amazing great wonder! 
 	
 	When the path of profound yoga of completion stage, 
 	Heavy with the essence of emptiness and compassion, 
 	Is practiced, not sporadically, but continuously, 
 	With suitable intensity, attainment definitely emerges! 
 	
 	This rainbow design of nice talk may glitter, 
 	
205 gnyis spang gi lam, the central channel 
 	
 	169
 	
 	But it can’t bear scrutiny; its nature is empty. 
 	Woe is me, who have used up my life 
 	In hypocritical fabricated pretense of practice! 

 	I turned 71 in 1971. On the second of March, sixth day of the first month of the Tibetan year of the iron boar, I offered the fire puja to conclude the long-life practice retreat. On the thirteenth, as called for by representatives of the Tibetan government offices such as the Kashag as well as the general public, I attended an extensive long-life prayer rituals which were done by means of White Tara Wishfulfilling Wheel in order to pacify hindrances that might arise for His Holiness during his obstacle year. During a break in the ritual, I went to His Holiness’s residence to celebrate New Year’s with paying homage at His Holiness’s feet. 
 	
 	Ganden Shartse Nyagre Kangtsän said that they needed a new ritual for Protector Namsä Dungmarchän with general torma offering, calling of luck and prosperity, and Ganachakra. They had requested this some years ago and it had been left undone. Around that time I had a dream in which there were signs that the Protector himself was urging me to compose it soon. I therefore composed a new general ritual and a ritual method for hooking good fortune to be combined with Tukän’s Ganachakra puja and sent it to Nyagre Kangtsän. 

 	On the fourth of the second month in accordance with a letter from the Ganden Shartse general assembly in Mundgod, Tepo Rinpoche and Lati Rinpoche arranged a long-life puja for His Holiness the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, and all of the Ganden Shartse monks such as those among the students at the Varanasi Sanskrit University came to Dharamsala, about forty lamas, tulkus, and geshes. I gathered with them to perform long-life puja with Guru Puja  and Ganachakra, and recite words of truth and melodious auspicious verses. 

 	Starting on the ninth, at the wishes of Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche, I gave the great initiation of Five Deity Gandhapa Heruka with the extra day of preparation to nineteen people, all lamas, tulkus and geshes, including Tashi Lhunpo Lochen Rinpoche. And, as requested by Mongolian Gurudeva, for a group of seventeen that included only elder lamas, tulkus and geshes, I began giving an experiential commentary based on Lamrim Delam (Path of Bliss). Because all of the attendees had previously received Lamrim teachings and had definite understanding of them, my explanation focused more extensively on how experiences of realization arise from meditation, and otherwise covered the points in a summary way. At the end of the commentary we performed the bodhicitta puja. Mongolian Tulku sponsored Ganachakra as well as offering of a new volume of Lamrim Chenmo written in gold for his generation of bodhicitta. 
 	
 	On the tenth of the third month, since Kuzhab Jampa Tänkyong of Barzhiwa was preparing to go to a settlement in Canada he said that he needed the Vajrayogini Four Initiation Blessing.
 
 	Accordingly, I gave it to him secretly. 
 	
 	After that, for four days I gave experiential commentary on the Six Yogas Of Naropa on the basis of Trehor Nagtsangpa’s text to Gelong Lozang Dorje of Domo Dungkar Monastery privately. 
 	
 	On the second of the fourth month, at the wishes of Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche, I gave a few lamas and tulkus the jenang of Yeshe Kyungtra (Wisdom Garuda-Falcon), the jenang  of White Tara ‘ Kabab Gudän’– Endowed With All Command, Samayavajra Recitation as explained in Je Tsongkhapa’s Twenty-One Short Writings On Guyhasamaja, and instructions on Zaje Kadro Fire Puja. 
 	
 	When Jamgön Sakya Dagtri Rinpoche came to Dharamsala to offer long-life puja for His Holiness the Dalai Lama, afterwards, as he was departing, he came by for an informal visit with me. Nalanda Chogyä Rinpoche also happened to have dropped by at that same time. I asked them about their tradition of great initiation, preliminaries, and retreat for Gyüde Kündü –  Embodiment Of All Tantra Classes. They said that when giving the Vajra Garland and Mitra Gyatsa empowerments, even the empowerment of Deities that had mandalas in common with other Deities were not given one after the other in the same mandala, but rather each in their own individual mandalas. He also said that retreats were done individually for each Deity of each Tantric class, or else retreat was done on a single embodiment of all in a class, depending on whether an extensive or abbrieviated form was being used. 
 	
 	During the fifth month, as requested by Namgyäl Dratsang, I gave jenang of Avalokitesvara Lion’s Roar to the abbots, students and Sangha. I gave jenang of Tara Of The Sandalwood Forest to Sera Jey Tsawa Geshe Thubten Yeshe206, his disciples Ariwa Mese, and novice nun Lozang Chökyi. 
 	
 	At the wishes of Tepo Rinpoche, as I was practicing Mahakala, I gave the series of Mahakala jenangs to twenty people including lamas, tulkus and geshes. 
 	
 	On the eighth of the seventh month, upon request of Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche, I gave the Je Tsongkhapa Three-Family  jenang blessing and instructions on Ganden Lhagyema on the basis of Gyälwa Kälzang’s textual commentary Source Of All Siddhis 207 to about thirty lamas, tulkus and geshes. 
 	
 	Starting the next day over a number days, at the instructions of His Holiness, in the upper assembly hall in the Tegchen Chöling Temple in upper Dharamsala, I offered several teachings for a gathering of about sixty people including His Holiness the Dalai Lama, several high lamas and other lamas, tulkus, geshes, renounced hermit retreatants, and some of the Namgyäl Dratsang Sangha. These included the Amitayus teachings from the Sri Chakrasamvara commentarial collection, the great initiation of Thirty-Three Deity peaceful inner Amitayus in the system as transmitted from Machig Drubpay Gyälmo to Rächungpa, with the day of preparation of the disciples and the actual great long-life initiation208; Blessing of the Long-Life Four Initiations of Secret Wrathful Twenty-three Deity Amitayus with extensive commentary; Long-Life Four-Initiation Blessing of Rechungpa’s Innermost Practice Red Nine-Deity Super Secret Amitayus; Long-Life Initiation of Nine Deity White Amitayus-Who-Bestows-Deathlessness; Uncommon Long-Life Four Initiation Blessing of Quintessential Red Amitayus-Single-Deity-Single-Vase; and the jenang of Samayavajra Yab-Yum as explained in Guyhasamaja.
 
 	Each day, after offering the long-life initiation, I gave commentary and transmission of Lama Dharmarakshita’s Wheel of Sharp Weapons Mind-Training. It was as Tza Pältrul Rinpoche has said, 
 	
 	Now, when I am made to teach, 
 	It is like being oppressed by ghosts and black magic! 
 	I feel as if I am explaining my own faults; 
 	It is so embarrassing! 
 	
 	When this was concluded, at the wishes of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, in the great assembly hall of the temple, for His Holiness as well as lamas, tulkus, geshes, the entire Namgyäl Dratsang assembly, local resident Sangha and laypeople, a gathering of about seven hundred people, I gave the great initiation of Thirty-Seven Deity Kunrig, the root tantra of Yoga Tantra, extrapolated from the Collection of Principles’ second part’s209 Three Realms All-Victorious-Freedom-From-Negativity Ritual. I gave it with the extra day of preparation and the day of actual initiation, all in accordance with the commentary to the Kunrig ritual by Dulzin Dragpa Gyältsän, and accomplished a cloud of offerings delighting the Buddhas. 
 	
 	After that, as requested by a nun named Lozang Wangmo, a Children’s village worker, I gave the our Initiation Blessing of Vajrayogini sindhura mandala to a group of about three hundred 

206 Lama Thubten Yeshe 
207 dngod grub kun ‘byung 
208 This is heretofore referred to as the Siddhiraja system long life practice, Siddhiraja as Sanskrit for Drubgyäl, but it is actually an abbreviation for Machig Drubpay Gyälmo, Sole Mother Queen of Siddhas. She was Tilopa’s older sister and attendant who lived to the age of 108? Check. Rechungpa was sent to India by Milarepa to bring a long-life practice from India back to Tibet. He received the Amitayus practice from Machig Drubpay Gyalmo and brought it back to Tibet for Milarepa and the Kagyu. The lineage later passed into the Gelug as well. The fact that it is a great initiation reflects the fact that it is a highest yoga tantra initiation. 
209 De nyid bsdus pa’ dum bu gnyis pa 
 	
 	171
 	
people including Lamas, Tulkus, Sangha, and lay men and women in the Nyungne temple in upper Dharamsala. 
 	
 	In one day I offered His Holiness the Dalai Lama reading transmissions of the later root Guyhasamaja Tantra, the explanatory Tantras Dorje Trengwa ( Vajra Garland), Gongpa Lungtön – ( Revealing Transmission of the Intention), Yeshe Dorje Künlä Tüpa (Wisdom Vajra Revered Before All), and Lhamo Zhi (the Four Goddesses). 

 	On the seventeenth of the eighth month, in the Tegchen Chöling Temple, for over five hundred including Sangha of Gyutö and Gyume who were attending His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s teachings on the four combined commentaries to Guyhasamaja Root Tantra, Kyabje Yongzin Ganden Tripa Ling Rinpoche and our house together sponsored service and extensive clouds of offerings with Guru Puja  Ganachakra   and also well accomplished the ritual, with the series of symbolic offerings, requesting that Supreme Leader of Samsara and Nirvana, including the Devas, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, not even pretend to exhibit the slightest obstacles to his life during his astrologically-obstructed-year, and for his three secrets to remain stable in immovable vajra nature. 

 	After His Holiness’s teachings ended, at the insistent request of Markampa Jangchub Gyältsän, I gave the great initiation of the Mahasiddha Kuntu Gewa’s tradition of the Sixty-Two Deity Sri Chakrasamvara. It was held in the Tegchen Chöling Temple, principally for His Holiness and the Sanghas of Gyutö and Gyume Tantric Colleges, including the abbots and the lamas, a gathering of about seven hundred people. The initiation took two days, the preparatory day and the actual day of the initiation, with explanations on the details of the initiation itself. From my side, I did not have the qualifications of a vajra master of secret mantra and the disciples, for the most part, did not have all of the proper qualifications either. But like the nomad who, chased by a dog, arrives at the head of a queue, by being a ‘master’ in these degenerate times, I acted as if I could offer the initiation according to the practices of the kind Gurus. 
 	
 	Having been invited many times throughout the years by the nun Gyältsän Pälmo from Mysore and through the persistence of the residents and leaders of the lay and ordained Tibetan community in general, I left Dharamsala on the fourth of the ninth month and took a flight from Delhi to Bangalore. When we arrived, we were met by leaders from the Mysore and Mundgod camps, abbots and representatives of the three monastic seats, Sakya, Gelug, Kagyu, as well as Nyingma practitioners. 
 	
 	Arrangements had been made for me to stay the night at an Indian government guesthouse in Bangalore. The next day, when I arrived at the Mysore camp, I was met by the lay and ordained public. I was given a place to stay in the palace where His Holiness the Dalai Lama stays when he comes there. The following day, as requested by both the Sera Mey and Sera Jey Dratsangs, I gave a rather extensive commentary based on the root text of the Three Principal Paths. Also, as requested by the nun Gyältsän Pälmo, I offered the two-day great initiation of Vajra Bhairava Solitary Hero, with extensive detailed instructions ‘pointing out’ and identifying the actual experiences of the initiations. 
 	
 	On the thirteenth, I made offerings to the holy field of merit for all humans and devas, the Sangha in the main assembly hall of Sera, distributing tea and bread as well as a khatak and five Indian Rupees to each monk and a donation of one thousand Indian Rupees toward the building of a new assembly hall. That day, we invoked Gyalchen Dorje Shugden, Setrab, and Yumar Tsängöd into the new Panglung oracle Thubtän Pelgyä, and the Dharmapala gave no more pronouncements than his initial recitation. 
 	
 	On the fourteenth, I visited the Nyingma Monastery Namdröling, the Sakya Monastery, and the Gelug Monastery Tegchen Ling, making offerings and distributing gifts, making Dharma connections and performing consecrations. I also went to see and consecrate the settlement offices, hospital, and school. 
 	
 	On the sixteenth, at the request of the entire settlement, in the very spacious field in front of the palace, I gave the jenang  of Vajrapani, the “Three Combined Wrathful Ones”, to a large gathering of lay and ordained people and Machig Drubpay Gyälmo’s system of the Amitayus 172
 	
 	Long-Life Initiation. Afterwards, I requested everyone, lay and ordained, to act in accordance with His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s wishes in all matters both temporal and spiritual. 
 	
 	The next day, I went especially to consecrate the land of the Hunsu camp. While there, I gave transmissions including Refuge, the Six-Syllable Mantra   and Tara’s mantra and His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s long life prayer to about eight hundred lay and ordained people who had just arrived from the Gangtog region. On the way back, I went to the land where the main Gelug monastery was to be built and the temples of the fifth and sixth communities and performed consecrations. 

 	On the eighteenth, I gave novice and middling ordination vows to eighty-three young monks newly entering the Sera Jey and Sera Mey monastic colleges. The next morning, with the sponsorship of the Sera general assembly and settlement, the Sangha performed long-life rituals for me with  Guru Puja  Ganachakra   and they scattered a rain of flowers of auspiciousness while reciting the words of truth with indestructible faith. That evening, as requested by the Sera Jey Dratsang, I offered to the Sangha, the “Lion-Face Dakini” jenang. 

 	On the twentieth, I left Bylakuppe by car and spent a day at the guesthouse called Shomo Gang. The next day, I traveled to the Mundgod camp. I was greeted there by abbots, lamas, tulkus, and the Sangha of Ganden and Drepung, Sakya as well as Nyingma lamas, leaders and the public. I stayed where arrangements had been made for me in His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s palace. 

 	On the twenty-second, it was Lhabab Düchen, the Celebration of Buddha’s Descent From the Deva Realm. Since the gold and copper statues of Je Rinpoche and his disciples that we had offered as principal objects of reverence for the great assembly hall of Ganden had to be temporarily moved to a smaller temple, I went and performed consecration and also offered with faith to Shartse Dratsang seventeen tangkas including one of Buddha Shakyamuni surrounded by the Sixteen Arhats and tangkas depicting the lives of the Panchen Lamas, made with fine Chinese brocade and rainbow-hued covering drapes.
 
 	Starting the next day, at the urging of the governing councils of both Ganden and Drepung, in the Ganden Jangtse assembly hall, I gave a commentary based on the root text of Ganden Lhagyäma and gave the jenang of the “Lion Face Dakini” to the Sangha in the Dharma courtyard of Drepung Loseling Dratsang together with a commentary on the Six-Session Guru Yoga. 

 	I gave novice and full ordination vows to sixty-five young entrants to the ranks of both Ganden and Drepung’s Sangha. As requested by the Ganden Shartse Dratsang, I gave the “Three-Family Je Tsongkhapa” jenang to the Sangha of both Ganden and Drepung in the assembly hall. I performed consecration at the Drepung Gomang Dratsang and gave the Sangha transmission of Je Rinpoche’s Praise of Interdependent Origination. 

 	As requested by Ganden Jangtse, I taught all of the stages of “Lhamo Magzorma” jenang in the assembly hall. For the realized and released Sangha of Drepung, the great assembly of Ganden, the Sakya College, and the Nyingma Dratsang, at each of those assemblies I offered tea and bread and distribution of five Indian Rupees with a khatak to each monk.
 
 	On the thirtieth, sponsored by leaders and members of the community and the various Dharma traditions, they offered me an essence-extracting, life-sustaining, long-life ritual with Guru Puja  Ganachakra. 

 	On the first of the tenth month, I went to the camp’s old folks’ home, hospital, factory, and school, performing consecrations, scattering flowers and giving advice appropriate to each place. 

 	On the second, at the request of the entire community, I gave the “Vajrapani Three Combined Wrathful One” jenang to the lamas, tulkus, sangha, and a large gathering of the public outside the palace, and I also taught Machig Drubpay Gyälmo’s tradition of the Amitayus Long-Life Initiation. Afterwards, I did all I could to remind everyone of the utmost importance of never straying from acting in accordance with His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s wishes.
 
 	On the third, I left Mundgod for Hubli. From there, I went by train to Bangalore where I took a flight to Delhi and arrived at the Mongolian Lama’s home. On the eighth, as requested by the Yog Restaurant’s Ama Chötzom, I gave a White Tara Long-Life Initiation to a large group of lay and ordained people at the Ladaki Buddhist Temple. On the evening of the tenth, I travelled from Delhi to Dharamsala. On the fourteenth, I went to bow at the feet of His Holiness.
 
 	On the night of the sixteenth, battle broke out between India and Pakistan at the border, making the atmosphere quite fearful and uneasy in Dharamsala for a number of days. 

 	On the twentieth, the night I completed drafting a letter to be sent to the Pabongka Changtzö, Trinlä Dhargyä, regarding the definitive identification of Chogtrul Rinpoche’s incarnation, I dreamt of Kyabje Pabongka Dorjechang’s previous incarnation sitting on a great throne and myself offering a khatak to him in an auspicious ceremony and offering rich ornaments and clothing from Lhalu Lhacham Dremo Yangtzom Tsering. Lama Dorjechang took hold of the rose-designed collar of the robe and, showing it off, said proudly, ‘You have given me such a nice robe for my birthday!’ 

 	Dragyab Chetsang Rinpoche came from Germany and stayed with me so that I could grant some of his requests. Starting from the eighteenth day of the eleventh month, I gave fifteen days of commentary on Je Tsongkhapa’s Medium Length Lamrim to nine people including Rinpoche himself, Sera Jey Kamlung Tulku, Gönsar Tulku, Trehor Thubtän Tulku, Sera Mey Kongshar Tulku, Sera Trehor Geshe Ngawang Dargyä, Loseling Jangmar Tulku, and Ganden Shartse Geshe Asong. After that, for Rinpoche and a few people, I gave the Sindhura Blessing of Vajrayogini. For twenty-nine lamas, tulkus and Geshes including Dragyab Rinpoche, Loseling Denma Lochö Rinpoche, and Ratö Chubar Rinpoche, I gave initiation of the Sixteen Drops of the Kadampas. I gave nine lamas, tulkus, and geshes including Rinpoche, the transmission of my Commentary to the Praise of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden. To Rinpoche privately I gave the Draminyen Long-Life Instructions on the basis of four combined texts: Je Rinpoche’s root text, Kyabchog Dorjechang’s Long-life Practice Recitation and two long-life practice commentaries from the collected works of Je Sherab Gyatso. This fulfilled Dragyab Rinpoche’s wishes completely and he returned to Germany from Dharamsala. 

 	When I was 62 in the western calendar year of 1962, on the fifteenth day of February, which was the first day of the Tibetan year of the water rat, I offered His Holiness the Dalai Lama long-life substances accomplished through White Tara long-life practice. This took place in the morning, in the upper Dharamsala Temple. On the morning of the tenth, in the Tegchen Chöling Temple, at the beginning of the prayer festival offerings celebrating Buddha’s miraculous deeds, there was a large gathering of lay and ordained people in the Dharma courtyard waiting for the morning teaching. His Holiness the Dalai Lama gave a commentary on the benefits of the Mahayana Mind  (Generation of Bodhicitta) and its purpose and reasons, the necessity for training in the six perfections, and the need for followers of the founder Buddha to emulate his conduct as described in the Jataka tales; and to do that by applying the instructions of the stages of the path to enlightenment. 

 	Thus teaching the Jatakas as done by the previous holy masters, he devoted one session to 
commentary on the Jataka tales with a rather extensive preliminary introduction. After that, I went to the noon-meal public tea gathering to begin the refuge and bodhicitta prayers. When public tea was over, I went to the offering and prayer gathering and we recited dedications, the Tän Barma (Prayer For Longevity of the Teachings), the Sukhavati Prayer and all of the recitations that had been done in previous times. 
 	On the twelfth, for about five hundred Sangha gathered for the Prayer Festival, I offered service including the public tea, hot soup, and a distribution of money, respectfully gathering the accumulations. 

 	On the fifteenth, His Holiness the Dalai Lama arrived as the Lord of the Prayer Festival and, starting from precepts in the morning, came to every gathering throughout the day; we made as many prayers as we could, remembering the qualities and kindness of the Compassionate Teacher Buddha and Manjusri Tsongkhapa.
 
 	On the sixth of the second month, as requested by Chatreng Yangdar Chözin, Galu Lozang Gyältsän and Töpa Kako Tashi, I gave the jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Frees From the Lower Realms to the large gathering of lay and ordained people who were attending His Holiness’s teachings in the Tegchen Chöling Temple in upper Dharamsala. On the tenth, as requested by Chötsün Thubtän Chödrön and Chatreng Yangdar Chözin, I gave the Four Initiation Blessing in reliance on Vajrayogini’s Sindhura Mandala to a gathering of about six hundred Sangha from the three monastic seats and two Tantric colleges such as abbots, officials, lamas and tulkus, and over two hundred lay men and women. Beginning the next day, for a week, among the attendees of His Holiness’s teachings mentioned above, there were about six hundred who made a commitment to perform the long sadhana daily and complete a retreat. To these people, I gave an experiential commentary on the generation and completion stages of Vajrayogini with the fourfold explanation, cutting preconceptions regarding the objects to be meditated upon and giving memorization assignments of the meaning of the outline, etc. in accordance with the tradition of the teachers of the Secret Mantra. At the end of that, for auspicious reasons, I gave transmission of the instructions on the practice of vajra recitation in connection with the White Long-Life Heruka yoga. 

 	I donated to Ganden Jangtse Serkong Uzur three thousand Indian Rupees for the construction of new main statues for Jangtse Dratsang and sent with him an offering of a pair of fine quality old Chinese cymbals.
 
 	Starting on the thirteenth of the third month, as requested by both Gyutö and Gyume Tantric Colleges, I gave an experiential commentary on the Six Yogas of Naropa with the physical exercises for training the channels, based on the great Je Rinpoche’s commentary on the Six Yogas Of Naropa, Having The Three Convictions210, and Trehor Nagtsang Tänpa Dargyä’s commentary on the Six Yogas. The attendees were lamas, tulkus, and Sangha, one hundred and fifteen in number, headed by abbots and lamas, with geshes, residents of Dharamsala and others who had gathered. Although I lacked the conviction of valid experience of the profound instructions, I conveyed them like a message from the kind father Guru, with the deep heartfelt hope that their teaching and practice would be sustained and spread by the many learned geshes and renounced meditators and retreatants in the audience. Finally, for the attendees previously mentioned, I gave, over several days, the jenangs of the Deities of the Manjusri teachings passed down through Lama Umapa, Je Tsongkhapa and the gurus of the close oral lineage. I also imparted the jenangs of the thirteen different expressions of Six-Armed Mahakala, and transmissions of the Self, Front, and Vase Generation of Luipa Heruka; recitations of the initiation ritual, earth ritual, and fire puja of Gyume Dratsang tradition’s Iron Castle  [Dharmaraja] rituals, additional requests and the Eight Great Guides; ritual for suppressing Si  spirits, the Mechanism of Stacked Vajra Mount Sumeru; Yamantaka Wrathful Fire Puja; Gyutö Tantric College’s tradition of performing consecration through a combination of Heruka and Guyhasamaja; Tukän’s Secret Accomplishment Hayagriva self-generation, front-generation, fulfillment ritual, and the associated Si  spirit suppressing ritual; Trichen Tänpa Rabgyä’s White Mahakala practice with vase accomplishment; and instructions based on the texts on the Fifty Verses of Guru Devotion; Twenty verses on the Bodhisattva Vows; Summary of The Root and Secondary Downfalls of Tantra; the uncommon Body Mandala Initiation; and as requested by Dragyab Ngawang Tsepel, for the previously mentioned attendees and more, about three hundred people, I gave the Chittamani Tara Common Torma Initiation and the Uncommon Body-Mandala Initiation. 

 	After that, I gave the blessing of the Ngagtu (Mantra Accomplishment and Authorization) to forty-six lamas, tulkus and Sangha. 

 	On the eighth, as indicated by the earlier and more recent dreams and divinations of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Yongzin Ling Rinpoche and myself regarding the holy incarnation of Kyabje Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche, as well as the pronouncements of the Gadong Dharmapala Dulzin Gyalchen (Dorje Shugden) oracle, I sent prayer flags to the Pabongka manager in Kalimpong, indicating that Sönam Gyatso, son of Tsewang Norbu of the Lhasa Restaurant and mother Drölkar in the Darjeeling settlement of Päldora, was the correct incarnation. With that, I also sent tendö – a symbolic offering and verses of auspiciousness - to be offered to the young tulku. 
 	
210 yid ches gsum ldan 
 	
 	175
 	
 	On the second of the fifth month, it had been some days that Kuntse Kungo Kemä Sönam Wangdu had been seriously ill. Although my attendants and I looked after him, no matter what treatments and pujas were attempted, after the third day, his condition had become very critical. I went to him myself and performed virtuous visualizations, recited blessed dharani mantras into his ears, and so forth, and made dedication prayers for his passage into the great path of the afterlife and dedicated accumulations of virtue for the enrichment of his future lives, that he would take rebirth in a family lineage no different than the Kuntse family, a son of the lineage of Gungtang Labrang, meet me, definitely become a disciple, and not waste any of his remaining future lifetimes.
 
 	Starting from the third, at the wishes of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, I stopped all travelling and did a retreat on the Jnanapada system, or ‘ Manjusrivajra Zurka’ system, of Guyhasamaja.
 
 	On the sixteenth, I received news from the Pabongka manager that when they were offering garments to Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche in connection with his recognition, although the tulku was only two years and ten months, he had conducted himself well during the extensive long-life ceremony and, with the awakening of imprints of having long known and taken care of his manager, he remained smiling at him most of the time and so forth, confirming the indications. 

 	Along with the letter, there were pictures of the tulku. Receiving these relieved this old man of a great burden of responsibility I had borne to find and recognize the tulku and I felt very happy. 

 	On the twenty-eighth of the seventh month, I performed a fire puja to supplement the successful conclusion of my Guyhasamaja Manjusrivajra retreat. 
 	Starting on the twelfth of the eighth month, I began a retreat of Avalokitesvara Gyälwa Gyatso of the mahasiddha Mitrajogi’s Yidams Lhag-Lhay Kyilkor Gyatsa (Hundreds Of Deity Mandalas) and, after finishing, performed the concluding fire puja. 

 	One day, Barkam Shodo Dagom Rinpoche’s Tulku said that he required Gyalchen Dorje Shugden sogtae (life entrustment), and transmission of the recitations, not only because his previous incarnation was my Dharma friend, but because he had principally relied on Gyalchen Dorje Shugden, and had requested composition of prayers. I offered it to him as he wished. I also lent him notes on the uncommon visualizations for retreat. 

 	On the fourth day of the tenth month, I gave ordination and novice vows to a French woman named Nadia and gave her the Dharma name Lozang Chödrön. 

 	Starting on the fifteenth, I offered to His Holiness the Dalai Lama the Common Torma Initiation of Cittamani Tara, the Uncommon Body Mandala Initiation, and the Extremely Secret Heart Entry jenang  with Single Lineage.211 I also offered to him all the stages of the jenangs  of the seventeen expressions of Pälgön Tobtrog Wangpo Dong Zhipa–Sri (Four-Faced Mahakala Lord Who Seizes Power), except for the three jenangs  of extremely strict Sri Mahakala Dong Käma, Näbab Mahakala, and Sangdrub Mahakala, and the Mantra Entrustment of Dramzä Nagpo – the Black Brahmin.
 
 	On the twenty-first, I left Dharamsala for Bodhgaya with Päldän, Norbu Chöpel and others. 

 	The Illuminator of the Practice Lineage Teachings, Karmapa Rinpoche, came to Bodhgaya and since we were such old friends, I met him several times coming and going and his extremely delightful speech opened hundreds of doors. 
 	
       Starting on the ninth of the eleventh month, as requested by Chatreng Jungnä, I gave the jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms to a large gathering of lay and ordained people. In addition, as requested by the two managers of the residential training centre, Mani Tangpa and Mani Tabshä, I gave the Four Initiation Blessing in reliance on the Sindhura mandala of Vajrayogini to about one hundred and fifty aspirants in the assembly hall of the monastery. 
 	
211 chig brgyud chan 
 	
 	176
 	
 	As a result of the persistent urging of the Bodhgaya Monastery monk Tsöndru Gyatso, I gave teachings on the two stages of the Vajrayogini Tantra to ninety-one people who committed themselves to do retreat. 

 	The tulku, that bright lamp who consciously took rebirth after the previous Kyabje Dorjechang Pabongka Chogtrul Rinpoche had rested in peace, came unexpectedly from Darjeeling to visit me on the morning of the seventeenth with his manager Trinlä Dhargyä and entourage. I served them with hospitality. That day I was giving a long-life initiation of White Long-Life Heruka of the Manjusri teachings to the abbot of Tawang Monastery, Sera Jey Rikya Tulku, so I offered it also to the young tulku and his manager and attendant at the same time. I was seven years old when Kyabchog Dorjechang’s previous incarnation came to stay with us at Chuzang Retreat. At the request of my kind Ngaram Dampa, he had given me all of the jenangs from the collection of Manjusri teachings. Those were the first teachings that I ever received from him. Now, to offer him the Long-Life Heruka Initiation from the Manjusri teachings on the very first day that I met his young reincarnation, Manjushri being the principal meditational Deity of his previous incarnation. 

 	For that to have happened spontaneously, without the slightest plan, was an amazing manifestation of the golden chain of interdependence arising from faith and having been gladly cared for by Lama Dorjechang. 

 	On the eighteenth, Kyabje Yongzin Trichen Lingtrul Dorjechang, who had performed the ceremony of Loosing A Rain of Vast and Profound Dharma for a gathering of qualified recipients in the Mysore area, came to Bodhgaya and I went to pay my respects.
 
 	On the twenty-second, Kyabje Trichen Rinpoche’s Labrang sponsored a long-life puja for me in the assembly hall of the Bodhgaya Monastery. The local public and gathered Sangha offered the Guru Puja  Ganachakra   while Trichen Rinpoche himself recited the verses for each of the offerings of auspicious signs and substances, thus kindly planting a stable pillar of vajra-life. 

 	At Kyabje Yongzin Trichen Dorjechang’s wishes, starting that day and continuing daily until it was concluded, I offered him an experiential commentary on the profound path of the Guru Puja  based on the root Guru Puja  text and Kachen Yeshe Gyältsän’s Great Commentary on Guru Puja, thus making clouds of offerings of practice.
 
 	On the twenty-fourth, we sponsored a long-life puja for the great Yongzin Trichen Dorjechang with the public gathering of the Sangha, offering the Guru Puja Ganachakra, well completing a ritual for his life to be as stable as the immutable swastika. I did the recitations and made the actual offerings of the auspicious signs and substances myself. 

 	On the morning of the twenty-fifth, I gave the young Kyabje Chogtrul Rinpoche his first lesson on reading the alphabet, and at the same time offered him an auspicious khatak and representations of holy body, speech, and mind. For his lesson, I wrote the following: 

       Though the unequalled Father Lord Dechen Nyingpo’s, 
 	Young sun-like supreme emanation set in the sphere of space, 
       The smiling face of the new moon of his reincarnation, 
 	Has risen over the eastern mountain of good fortune today! 
 	I pray that he uphold and spread Lozang’s victorious teachings 
       By studying and meditating on the scriptural tradition of Sutra and Tantra, 
       Gaining wonderful qualities of knowledge, purity, and compassion, 
       And cultivating the lifework of his previous incarnation! 

 	The next day, Kyabje Yonzin Tri Rinpoche and I, together accepted the auspicious long-life puja with Guru Puja Ganachakra  offered by the Sangha and public, and sponsored by the Bodhgaya Disciplinarian Tsöndru Gyältsän. 

 	From Kyabje Tri Rinpoche, I kindly received the profound instructions on Vajra Bhairava Iron Castle Torma Mechanism of the Gyütö tradition with the Sixteen Cornered Iron Castle   ritual, earth ritual, and additional requests based on the three chapters written by Yongzin Ling 177
 	
 	Rinpoche’s previous incarnation. The instructions included drawing lines for the earth mandala, ngag-tu mantra jenangs, and so forth. Since I had already studied these when I received instructions on the mechanisms of mandalas, this time he just explained the practices, assuming that there was no need for an actual hands-on demonstration. Because Rinpoche, the Guru, was very busy, and the disciple also lacked leisure, due to time constraints, he made it convenient. After that, at Kyabje Tri Rinpoche’s wishes, I offered him instructions on the accomplishment of peaceful and wrathful Manjusri based on Je Tsongkhapa’s root text, Massive Vajra Words212 and its commentary by Jamyang Zhäba, Fulfilling Hopes of the Fortunate.213  

 	For all relations who have passed away under the force of karma and craving as well as all sentient beings throughout space, I performed extensive ‘Thousand Offerings’ at the Great Stupa and made an offering of a thousand Indian Rupees for the upkeep and services of the Summer Retreat. During the time I stayed at Bodhgaya, I offered over ten thousand lamps every day. 
 	On the twenty-ninth, I went from Bodhgaya to Varanasi and stayed in the Mongolian Tulku Guru Deva’s room at the Chinese Temple in Sarnath. I also met with Kyabchog Dorjechang Pabongkapa Yangtrul Rinpoche who had come to Sarnath earlier. After that, for two days I met people including Dege Tzogchen Padma Rigtzin Chogtrul Rinpoche and many people of all statures, students of the Sakya, Kagyu, and Nyingma, who were resident students at the university in Varanasi. 

 	On the twelfth of the fourth Tibetan month, as requested by Pagriwa, resident of Bhutan, I gave the White Tara Long-Life Initiation in the Tibetan Monastery of Sarnath, to about three hundred lay and ordained people, including the university students. 

 	On the seventh, Kyabje Chogtrul Rinpoche and his entourage were returning to Darjeeling. I offered to Rinpoche tendö–the symbols of body, speech and mind, a khatak, and a gift of a thousand Indian Rupees. I also offered symbolic gifts to his manager, attendant, and parents and to Chogtrul Rinpoche, I offered a meal and gifts such as reading material, and advised him of the importance of ordination. 

 	On the eighth, in the Sarnath Temple, in addition to the extensive ‘Thousand Offering’, I offered distributions and a day of service to the resident Sangha and those who had come from other places. I gave novice and middling ordination vows to five students from the university.
 
 	At the urging of the King of Bhutan Jigme Wangchug’s former queen Ashe Yangkyi, I gave a White Tara Long-Life Initiation to her and her attendants and about five hundred of the lay and ordained people. Subsequently, I also gave privately, the jenang of the Kyergang214 system of Secret Hayagriva to Yangkyi and her entourage. After he had sponsored a request for teachings by his Holiness the Dalai Lama on the Six Collections of Middle Way Reasoning and Aryadeva’s Four Hundred, Lati Rinpoche of Ganden Shartse Pukang Kangtsän came to see me. He brought a letter from Ganden Shartse Dratsang with a photograph of a statue that our house had sponsored as a main object of veneration for the college. It was a statue of Buddha Shakyamuni which had just been completed in a satisfactory way, made of gold and copper, three and a half feet in height with the lotus. It was good to see that the statue had turned out just as we had wished. I offered to the Dratsang many rare pieces of clothing, hair, relics and so forth of many holy beings of India and Tibet with the four types of mantra dharani rolls to be inserted into the statue. 

 	Starting from the ‘second’ first day of the twelfth month, for a period of three days in the Tibetan Monastery, as requested by the Gelug Association of the Sarnath University, I gave a commentary on the great Je Rinpoche’s teaching on The Three Principal Paths and the jenang of Avalokitesvara Who Liberates From The Lower Realms, to those in Geshe training, students, lamas, tulkus and Sangha gathered from all areas, about four hundred in number, and a large gathering of over six hundred lay and ordained people.
 
 	Zhakaba Wangchug Dedän came to see me and left me three volumes of Tibetan history that he had written for me to review and edit. Since there was no other text available in the Pattan 

212 rdo rje’ tsig sbram 
213 skal ldan re wa kun skong 
214 skyer sgang lugs 
 	
 	178
 	
Library and in that area of India that related the origins of Ganden Shartse Monastic College as found in his writings, I thought that they were rare and very important. Ganden Shartse Amchog Tulku and the monk Thubten Gönpo ordered copies of Dharma history.
 
 	On the tenth, invited by Drepung Tsawa Kangtsän Samdong Rinpoche, Principal of the Tibetan University, I went to his residence and, in the morning, gave life entrustment of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden, and in the evening performed the tenth day Ganachakra. That day I made distributions and offered service to all of the students at the university, Sakya, Gelug, Kagyu, Nyingma, without discrimination and, with Amchog Tulku’s help, I received a copy of the handwritten Dharma history. 

 	On the day of the full moon I went to the banks of the Ganges River and released a huge number of fish and minnows, with prayers dedicated to complete enlightenment. During the time I stayed in Bodhgaya and Varanasi, I met many people of various status from different places who had come to those sacred sites on pilgrimage and the continuous busy activity was bothersome. I left Varanasi by train on the night of the twentieth and soon arrived in New Delhi where I stayed at the home of Mongolian Guru Deva Rinpoche 

 	I turned 73 in 1973. On the first day of the Tibetan year of the water bull, March 5th of the western calendar, I went to celebrate Losar (Tibetan New Years Day), at the Ladaki Buddhist Temple with representatives of the Delhi Tibetan Government Office and Tibet House, and a large gathering of the local Tibetan population. With the aid of Ladaki Bakula Rinpoche, I went to Wellington Hospital where I was thoroughly examined by the doctors. They said that my health was good. 

 	On the evening of the ninth, I left by train, and soon after arrived back at my room, ‘Tashi Rabten’ in lower Dharamsala. The next day Kyabje Yongzin Ganden Tripa Lingtrul Dorjechang and his entourage arrived in Dharamsala from Bodhgaya and came by my room. We exchanged New Year’s greetings, I invited him to lunch, and we had a relaxed meeting. On that day I went to upper Dharamsala Tegchen Chöling to bow at the lotus feet of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and enjoyed the secret of his playful speech. From Dalhousie, the entire Sangha of glorious Gyutö Dratsang came to the Prayer of Miracles assembly. 

 	While they stayed in the Nyungne Temple, I offered service and distributions, and requested fulfillment ritual of the general Dharma Protectors. I participated in one session. Out of the many assemblies, it was the Mahakala fulfillment ritual, Tsagyuma, and the Dharmaraja fulfillment ritual, Chartrin Tarnagpa. When I listened to their chanting, I heard that the melodies were mostly the same as what I remembered of the main assembly chanting when I stayed at Gyutö. However, because of the difference in time and place or there being too few monks, or something, it seemed a little different to me and I wondered if I was mistaken in my memory of the tunes; I wasn’t sure. 

 	 Tsänzhab Serkong said that he needed the Three Essential Points Instructions of the Mitra system Avalokitesvara and I fulfilled his wishes. I gave ordinations, some novice, some full, to Markam Zeudru Monastery’s Gangkar Lama Rinpoche’s young incarnation and five new entrants to Gyutö Dratsang. I gave the tulku the name, Lozang Könchog Tenzin. In the Nyungne Temple in upper Dharamsala, Gyutö Dratsang performed [Dakini] Escort Averting long-life ritual for Kyabje Yongzin Trichen [Ling] Rinpoche and I in connection with  Guru Puja Ganachakra, sustaining us with the tree of life-giving nectar of blessings of Sangha’s indestructible aspirations.
 
 	On the first of the second month, for high aristocrats including Thubtän Norzang, I gave jenangs  of Vajravidaran and Vajrapani Three Wrathful Ones. I gave Tashi Lhunpo Lochen Tulku Rinpoche, Spiti Kyil Monastery Kachen Lozang Gyältsän and others jenang of Avalokitesvara Lion’s Roar   and Machig Drubpay Gyälmo system Amitayus long-life initiation. 

 	Domo Geshe Chogtrul Rinpoche granted me the supreme good fortune of the complete precious Kagyur – Collection Of Buddha’s Teachings, a Lhasa edition printed on fine quality Tibetan paper. My attendant Norbu Chöpel went to Gum Monastery in Darjeeling to make arrangements and successfully took care of bringing it, without problem, to Mundgod in the south, and then came back to Dharamsala. 
 	
 	179
 	
 	The bearer of Nyingma Tantra Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche performed extensive consecration in the Dharamsala Tegchen Chöling Temple and came by my place to see me. At the same time I received a visit from Dege Tzongsar Kyentse Rinpoche’s young incarnation. Because I was already well acquainted with Dilgo Kyentse we informally discussed at length both Dharma and temporal affairs. 

 	On my birthday, the twelfth of the third month, Zemey Rinpoche came especially from Dalhousie and invited a large assembly of lamas, tulkus, and monks to perform long-life puja for me. At the same time they performed a ritual for dispelling obstacles to my life, in connection with the profound path of Guru Puja  Ganachakra   chanting the stopping of the dakinis’ invitation and the words of truth. The auspicious connection of pure faith and samaya of lama and disciples clearly ripened the auspicious swastika of indestructible life. 

 	On the seventeenth at Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche’s request for Rinpoche himself and some many other Lamas215, I gave Five-Deity Amitayu s of the Manjusri system in lineage from the great Tsongkhapa, the Draminyän Long-Life Initiation of the long lineage, and instructions on Avalokitesvara Yoga of the Nyän Tsembupa system.
 
 	On the tenth of the fourth month, on the instructions of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, I stopped all travel and began a timed Mahakala retreat on the seventeen aspects of Four-Faced Tobtrog Wangpo Mahakala. That night, I dreamt I was staying in an unfamiliar house where there was suddenly the clamor of many people. That moment there arrived an old man who was supposed to be the King of Muli in Kham and a moustached man wearing a blue chupa–traditional Tibetan dress. I brought a small throne to give them to sit upon but they didn’t take it, instead, they sat down on thin cushions on the ground before me with very happy devoted expressions. 

 	After that, a Lama who thought he was the Lord of Muli arrived and sat down to one side of the small throne. The thought that came to me was that the Muli King was ordained but was an old householder wearing a chupa at this time! There was a lot of such activity in the dream. I thought it may have been a sign coming from Sri Mahakala. After concluding Mahakala retreat for approximation, accomplishment, and secret accomplishment216, I made extensive offerings of the kangwa– Fulfillment Ritual, Ganachakra, usual tormas and so forth, with the ritual monks of the Namgyäl Dratsang Sangha. At the conclusion, I received several signs in dreams that the Field Protectors were pleased. 

 	The moment I concluded the retreat, on the first of the sixth month I began a Long-Life White Tara Wish-Fulfilling Wheel retreat dedicated for Kyabje Yongzin Lingtrul Dorjechang’ long life. I concluded it on the seventeenth and went to offer the long life substances in Kyabje Yongzin Rinpoche’s presence. After making prayers for his long life I went to meet His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the Tegchen Chöling Temple to inform him of the successful conclusion of my retreat. 

 	I gave a long-life initiation for the adoptive French parents of Tibetan children, Shödrung Norgyä’s family and Pasang Lhamo and others who came from Bomdilla. At the request of Sera 
Jey Lawudo Tulku and the Teacher Thubten Yeshe217 I gave the two of them and two of their western novice monk disciples, Thubten Dönyö and Thubten Ngawang, jenang of Kinkara Lord of the Charnel Ground, and, except for Thubten Ngawang, gave the other three Dorje Shugden Life Entrustment. 

 	On the eighth day of the seventh month, in the palace in upper Dharamsala, I privately offered His Holiness the Dalai Lama, out of the seventeen expressions of Mahakala, the extremely strict Stacked-Faced Mahakala, Point-Striking Mahakala, and Secret-Accomplishment Mahakala,218 and made a good thanksgiving Ganachakra offering. 
 	
215 These lamas included Gyume Känzur Samtän Chöpel, Ratö Chubar Rinpoche, Drepung Dänma Lochö Rinpoche, Ganden Shartse Lati Rinpoche, Zemey Rinpoche, Tashi Lhunpo Lochen Rinpoche, Shri Chuzang Tulku, Sera Je Trehor Geshe Rabten, Kagyur Lozang Thubtän, Geshe Ngawang Dargyä, Drepung Loseling Geshe Rigtzin Tänpa, twenty five, lamas, tulkus, and geshes exclusively 
216 bsnyen dus kyi mgon po, sgrub dus kyi mgon po, gsang sgrub mgon po 
217 Lama Zopa and Lama Yeshe 
218 mgon po brtsegs zhal ma, gnad dbab mgon po, gsang sgrub mgon po 

180
 	
 	On the fourteenth of the ninth month, I gave Lozang Tenzin, the incarnation of Trehor Dhargye Monastery Geshe Jampa Kädrub Rinpoche,219 his teacher Geshe Rabten and others, Je Tsongkhapa Three-Lineage jenang. I also gave novice monk ordination to five people including Martzö Tsetän Puntsog. 

 	On the nineteenth, the statue that had been newly made in Nepal to replace the Ramoche Jowo Akshobya-Vajra statue of Buddha that had been destroyed by the Red Chinese in Lhasa, was brought from Gyutö Dratsang to the Tegchen Chöling Temple. I was informed that it needed to be filled with mantras and blessings and accordingly offered fifty blessed objects from great beings of India and Tibet of all lineages. Yongzin Trichen Rinpoche, myself, abbots and lamas of the tantric colleges, and Sangha, about forty in all, accomplished the mantra dharanis and offered them in accordance with the tradition. 
 	Coinciding with Lhabab Düchen, the entire assembly of Gyutö Tantric College came and performed extensive consecration ritual of the primary objects of veneration by means of Shri Vajra Bhairava, concluding the preliminary, actual, and concluding stages perfectly. On the day of the actual consecration, Kyabje Yongzin Lingtrul Rinpoche came to preside as Vajra Master and I also went in the morning and joined the all-day-long ritual from the Yoga of Same Entrance for the Self and Front-Generated Deities  up until the conclusion. His Holiness the Dalai Lama also acted as lord of the assembly from the invitation of the wisdom beings to stably abide, up through completion of the conferment of empowerment upon the Deity. Because of the special focus of His Holiness’s wisdom vajra, of equal taste with his realization of dharmata, the wisdom beings actually manifested entering the statue. 

 	On the twenty-ninth, with Pelden, Norbu Chöpel, Jamtra and Sötän, I left Dharamsala and arrived in Sarnath on the night of the thirtieth. On the eighth of the tenth month, as requested by Trehor Tauba Lozang Jampa, I gave the preliminary and actual days of initiation of Shri Five-Deity Chakrasamvara of the Ghandapa system in the Sarnath Tibetan Monastery, for over seven hundred people mostly Sangha, including about forty who were abbots and officers of the three monastic seats, lamas and tulkus. 

 	On the tenth, to dedicate virtues for the sake of Sitsab Lukangpa Tsewang Rabten’s passing, and to fulfill his sister, the nun Namgyäl Chötzom’s long-time request, as well as at the request of the ex-chef Ngawang Tenzin, for those of the previously mentioned attendees who committed to practicing the sadhana every day, I gave Four Initiation Blessing In Reliance On Vajrayogini Sindhura Mandala. At the conclusion, we offered extensive Ganachakra. 

 	Starting the next day, for those who took commitment to do retreat, mainly lamas, tulkus, and monks, for six hundred and seventy people, lay and ordained, I gave, from memory, seven days of experiential commentary on the basis of the root text of the sadhana of Vajrayogini, in accordance with the commentarial tradition of the previous Tantric masters, with refutation of false ideas about the objects of meditation through listening and contemplation, giving memorization of points that are explained for practice, and so on. There were many lamas, tulkus, and geshes in attendance, so I introduced as much of the instructions and practice of the tradition of the Guru’s oral transmission as I could. I had felt unwell with something like a fever starting when the initiation had commenced, but I had done the best I could with it. Still, it had disturbed my teaching and was quite a bad illness, so afterwards I relaxed, took medicine, recuperated, and took a break from meeting visitors. 

 	Originally, I had planned to leave by train for Mysore and Mundgod in South India on the second of the eleventh month. While I was delayed somewhat on account of the illness, Indian Airline workers went on strike, and their work stoppage made travel inconvenient, so I put off going to the south and relaxed in Sarnath. 

 	On the ninth of the twelfth month, the young incarnation who illumined the predispositions of the prior Sera Jey Dänma Tängyä Rinpoche came to see me for the first time and I gave him middling ordination and novice monk’s vows. I gave the tulku the name, Lozang Thubten Gyältsän. 
 	
219 The incarnation of Geshe Rabten’s teacher. 
 	
 	181
 	
 	On the fifteenth, I went to the banks of the Ganges River and trained in emulation of the Merchant’s Son Who Did Irrigation.220 To offer white color and thousand-offerings at the three main Nepali stupas for the sake of all the deceased, I sent four thousand Indian Rupees with Samling Manager Tashi Gyältsän. On the twenty-third, I left Sarnath for Dharamsala. 

 	I turned 64. The twenty-second of February of the western calendar year of 1964 was the first day of the Tibetan year of the wood tiger. After going to the palace in upper Dharamsala to celebrate the New Year, I had the good fortune of an informal audience with His Holiness the Dalai Lama at his residence. 

 	On the twenty-fifth, sponsored by Trehor Geshe Tamdrin Rabten, together with meditators who had come from their mountain-retreats above Dharamsala, I offered Guru Puja  Ganachakra   in connection with Heruka. It well made the point without further elaboration. 

 	On the twenty-ninth, Kyabje Yongzin Trichen Ling Rinpoche returned to Dharamsala from Mundgod. On his way, he stopped by my room here and we exchanged New Year’s greetings in a relaxed meeting. After that I went to Ratö Chubar Rinpoche’s room and performed for him the Gyältzong (King Despatchment) ritual by means of Hayagriva. 

 	On the fifteenth of the second month, I conferred White Tara Long-Life Initiation to the Mön Tawang Monastery abbot Sera Jey Rikya Rinpoche and his entourage, including the Swiss nun Angsema. On that day I offered Drepung Denma Lochö Tulku Rinpoche transmission and detailed instructions on the Sealed Mind-Generation Teachings.221
 
 	On the eleventh of the fourth month, on instructions from His Holiness the Dalai Lama, with sponsorship from his private office, Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche and the Namgyäl Dratsang Sangha conducted a long-life ceremony for me with White Long-Life Heruka ritual. I also accepted a large gift that His Holiness’s private secretary, Tarawachän, came to present to me.
 
 	On the ninth of the sixth month, I gave Tsänzhab Serkong Rinpoche and Loseling Dänma Lochö Rinpoche commentary on the Draminyän Long-Life Practice, Yamantaka  Guru Yoga Ngödrub Tertzö (Treasure of Siddhi) and its branches, the way to accomplish pacifying and increasing activity, protection of peaceful and wrathful Manjusri, and instructions of renewing degenerated samaya in reliance on the Five Families of Yama, etc. 

 	On the night of the tenth, I dreamt that the previous Dalai Lama was coming to my room and, so that there would be no horses or buffalo obstructing the way, a big black monkey, like a yeti, went swinging a mala as if he was playing with it. The monkey disappeared and then, at the door of the residence, a guard lifted a curtain over the door and I respectfully greeted the [Thirteenth] Dalai Lama. Smiling, with both hands, he gave me a bowl that held a white khatak ceremonial scarf and a red torma. I also respectfully offered a gift to him. One of his attendants placed before me a round iron basin filled with fresh fatty meat, among the presents from His Holiness. That day I was composing a new praise for the Prosperity and Good Fortune ritual done in reliance on one of Gyalchen Dorje Shugden’s Five Families, Gyätzä (The Increase) so I felt that these were a sign of the Dharmapala’s delight. 

 	On the eighteenth of the eighth month, His Holiness returned to Dharamsala after having been in Switzerland for medical treatment. I went to offer prostrations to welcome him back and, at the same time, to respectfully take leave for Mysore and Mundgod in South India. I was delighted to hear that His Holiness’s health was fine and that all of his activities in the west had gone well. 

 	On the third of the ninth month, I left Dharamsala and spent the next day at the residence of Nyagre Käntrul Ngawang Geleg Rinpoche in Delhi. Early the next morning, I took a flight and by noon had arrived in Bangalore. Escorted by the abbot of Sera, Mongolian Tulku, the head of the Mysore Settlement and others, that evening, we went to the new Tashi Lhunpo Monastery in the Mysore, Bylakuppe Dharma Camp, and I performed door-opening ceremonies for the monastery, recited auspicious verses and so forth. 

 	Starting on the eighth for three days, at Tashi Lhunpo with the Sangha present there, I performed an extensive consecration ritual by means of Yamantaka following the traditions of 

220  tsong dpon gyi bu kyeu chu ‘bebs 
221 sems bskyed bka rgya ma 
 	
 	182
 	
 	Tashi Lhunpo Tantric College and, at the conclusion I offered the eight auspicious substances and recited praises for the Mongolian Tulku and the assembled monastery sponsors. I offered one thousand Indian Rupees to the monastery in addition to offering service and distributions for the Tashi Lhunpo Sangha. 

 	On the morning of the eleventh, the Tashi Lhunpo general assembly offered me a long-life ritual, and in the evening, for a large gathering of Sangha of Tashi Lhunpo as well as Sangha that had come from Gyume Tantric College and Sera, I gave the preliminary day of Thirteen-Deity Yamantaka initiation, and the next day I gave the actual initiation. 

 	On the thirteenth, invited by Gyume Dratsang in Hunsur, I went there. They had me stay in His Holiness’s small palace residence there. After some time, invited by the general Chatreng assembly, I went to their living area and met with them, giving advice on courses of action and conversing informally them. In the evening, I went back to the palace. 

 	The second day, after giving transmissions such as Tara Praises, Six-Syllable Mantra, and His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s long-life prayer to about two thousand lay and ordained public in the Hunsur settlement area, I went by invitation of the Tzonga Chöde Sangha, to their monastery where I chanted auspicious verses and consecration rites with melodies. 

 	On the morning of the fifteenth, I offered the General Accomplishment Three Lineage Je Tsongkhapa  jenang to the Sangha of Gyume Tantric College and urged them to keep up the teaching and ritual traditions of the previous masters without decline. The previous year, I had offered five thousand Indian Rupees toward the construction of a new building for the college and at this time, I offered tea and bread to the monks and made a distribution of five Rupees to each monk with an offering of a khatak. 

 	In the evening, I left Hunsur and on the way briefly visited the Tegchen Chöling Monastery at Bylakuppe Camp Number Two. After performing ablutions and consecration there, a golden rosary of Sangha from the Tegchen Chöling Dharma Camp saw me to the residence they had prepared for me in the Dratsang Library. 

 	As requested the previous year by Sera Jey Dänma Geshe Ngawang Legdän, starting on the seventeenth, in the Sera Monastery main assembly hall, for the Sera Sangha primarily, as well as those who had come especially from Gyume and Mundgod, about eight hundred in total, I began giving an experiential commentary on the basis of the root text of the Guru Puja  and the Great Commentary by Kachen Yeshe Gyältsän. For six days, as is said in the Trunk of Wisdom, Some take responsiblity to teach, while others, 
 	Do not teach and accomplish much. 
 	The bamboo flower has no fruit, 
 	The walnut flower is fruit endowed. 
 	
 	With only the nature of the bamboo flower, this old man, putting forth effort in the manner of the teachers who know Dharma, taught every afternoon from one o’clock until about six. 
 	
 	On the morning of the eighteenth, the general assembly of Sera, the Gelug Association and Geshe Legden, together sponsored all of the Sangha to perform the Sutra System long-life ritual with auspicious words of truth and rain of flowers, ripening clear life-sustaining deathlessness. 

 	Having already offered a thousand Indian Rupees toward construction of a new assembly hall for Sera, this time I offered the monks tea and bread and five Indian Rupees each with a khatak. 
 	
 	On the morning of the twenty-second, I gave a public transmission of the Tara Praises, Samayavajra, and so forth to practitioners of both the Old and New Translation Schools at the Mysore Camp. 
 	
 	On the twenty-third, as requested by Sera Jey Dratsang, for the great assembly of the Sangha I gave jenang of Nöjin Chamdräl and, at the wishes of Samlo Geshe Lozang, I offered transmission of Abhisamalankara and Madyamakavatara. I impressed upon the Sangha the need for bearing the responsibility to engage in the excellent deeds of explanation, study, and practice as a great ornament of the teachings. 
 	
 	183

 	The next day, invited by Sera Mey Dratsang, I went to the library and after a brief auspicious ceremony, as prepared by Pomra Kangtsän, invoked the Panglung Gyalchen Dorje Shugden oracle Dharmapala and entourage, asking for advice and receiving several pronouncements. 
 	
 	On the twenty-fifth, I left the Sera Dharma Camp and performed consecrations at the new Mysore Camp Offices and branches as well as a consecration of the Number One Camp’s temple. 

 	That evening I took a train from the main railway station in Mysore. The next day I arrived at Hubli where I was met by a golden line of abbots, lamas, tulkus, general Sangha, students and public. 

 	First, as arranged by the Ganden Governing Council, we assembled at the main assembly hall where we offered rice and each of the Dratsang’s governing councils offered the three bases, khatak, and so forth. Then I arrived at my new room, Puntsog Rabtän, where, again, the Ganden and Drepung governing councils and many other public representatives and private individuals came to welcome me; quite an auspicious greeting for a shortsighted individual like myself. 
 	
 	Construction workers had been called to Shartse Dratsang and, taking great responsibility, head builder Nyagre Geshe Jampa Rabjor worked on the construction with great care and all altruism, ignoring fatigue. He was reliable and capable. 
 	
 	I was becoming advanced in years, oppressed by the burden of old age, and the sun of the years of my life was approaching setting behind the western mountain. Yet some vocal disciples and sponsors, out of loyal faith and samaya, considering it very important for the long term and of glorious auspicious purpose whether it be for immediate or future use, came to ask me for advice regarding building me a new residence in Mundgod South India near the main assembly hall of Ganden and the college with which I have connection. All agreed it should be done. As far as I was concerned it would be no more than a guesthouse where I might spend one night. But since I saw that there were other reasons and purposes for doing it, as Je Karag Gomchung says,
       
       Not going to the monastery or hermitage 
 	And building a samsaric house of darkness is a mistake! 
 	Not intending to practice alone what is most meaningful, 
 	While teaching Dharma amidst samsara, is mistaken as well! 
 	
 	As he says, that is what results from the turn of the wheel of the obstinate mistake of clinging to the appearances of this life as truly existent. As Protector Nagarjuna says, 

        Some who are extremely stupid, 
 	Completely forget about death, 
 	And begin many activities, 
 	Is that not the deceit of mara? 

 	The hypocrisy of not practicing what you preach, itself, nakedly reveals your faults! 
 	
 	On the third of the tenth month the disciples in my household sponsored inviting the ritual monks lead by Zemey Rinpoche to perform auspicious long-life ritual for me with extensive Guru Puja  Ganachakra .  At that time the Chatreng people also made an auspicious gift of donations for the Ganachakra. The same day the governing councils of Ganden and Drepung, and others who had come especially, including the abbots of both Me and Je Colleges of Sera Monastery, made auspicious gifts for my new house. 
 	
 	One day I requested invocation of Dulzin, Peaceful Gyalchen Dorje Shugden. He said that henceforth, all would be good for me to spread the excellent system of Manjusri Tsongkhapa and that I must do pujas for my health to be stable. 

 	On the ninth, in the main assembly hall of Ganden, I provided tea and rice and offered three Rupees and khatak to the Sangha of Ganden as well as lamas, tulkus, and monks who had come from Sera to attend teachings, as we invited he who is in nature all-pervasive Vajrasattva, Kyabje Yongzin Trichen Ling Rinpoche the supreme, to be lord of the Ganachakra. We offered five hundred clouds of offerings and  Guru Puja  Ganachakra, made requests for Rinpoche to remain permanently with us until the end of the eon, and made actual offerings. I accomplished the collection of auspiciousness reciting verses for each of the eight auspicious substances and so forth. 

 	Afterwards Trichen Rinpoche and his entourage came by the room where I was staying. He kindly gave me a gift towards the construction of the new house, we relaxed together and I offered food. 

 	Around this time I also offered tea, bread, and three Rupee distribution to the monks of Ganden Jangtse Dratsang and made a general offering of a fine large painted thangka of Je Tsongkhapa and his two disciples with upper and lower yellow rose brocade and rainbow covering cloth. At Shartse Dratsang, in addition to the previously mentioned distributions, I offered nine tangkas of Shakyamuni Buddha, the Six Ornaments of the world, and the Two Supreme Ones. 

 	They were tangkas that I had received from a merchant who had come from Lhasa to Nepal. They had upper and lower brocade of Russian rose design from robes that had been worn by the Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso, with Varanasi vermillion banners, and red dotted yellow silk and vermillion silk covering cloths, and Chinese silver ornamented rods for rolling them up. 

 	I also offered Panchen Lozang Chögyän’s Collected Works in a five-volume edition printed on Chinese paper, and a very antique pair of Chinese sil  cymbals. To Dokang Kangtsän I offered a pair of EVAM cloud sound bub  cymbals. For the monks of Drepung Monastery’s full assembly, in addition to the previously mentioned distributions, I made a donation of one thousand Indian Rupees toward the construction of a new main assembly hall. For the approximately sixty monks of Sakya Dratsang, in addition to the previously mentioned distributions I made a general offering of two hundred Indian Rupees. For approximately thirty monks present at the Nyingma Dratsang, in addition to the same distributions, I also made a general offering of two hundred Indian Rupees. 

 	On the morning of the sixteenth I went to the Drepung Dharma Camp. I was greeted by the Sangha of Drepung Gomang and Loseling Colleges. In the Gomang assembly hall, the Drepung Governing Council and the two Dratsangs offered the Three Bases and khatak in an auspicious ceremony with tea, rice, etc. After that, in the Drepung Loseling Dharma courtyard, with Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche’s Labrang sponsoring distributions, Ganachakra and so forth, with Trichen Ling Dorjechang himself leading the entire Sangha of Drepung along with Lamas, Tulkus, and Sangha of Sera who had come to attend the Lamrim teachings, offered me long-life ritual with Guru Puja. Trichen Dorjechang, himself, recited the auspicious words of truth with the offering of the eight auspicious substances, and it seemed almost as if there could be an exception to Buddha’s assertion that ‘All compounded things must to be impermanent’! 

 	After that we went to Ling Labrang and, as an auspicious house warming for his new residence, I gave congratulatory gifts to Rinpoche and his entourage and the labrang served my entourage and I had a plentiful noon meal. 

 	On the eighth of the eleventh month, joint sponsored by the Mungod Tibetan Camp’s Ganden and Drepung Monasteries, Sakya and Nyingma Dratsangs, and the public offered an 
extensive long-life ritual for both Yongzin Trichen Ling Rinpoche and I together in the Loseling Dharma courtyard with  Guru Puja  Ganachakra. The full assembly of native residents and outside visitors recited the auspicious words of truth. 
 	
 	On the morning of the seventeenth, at the urging of the Governing Council of Drepung Monastery, in the Dharma courtyard of Drepung Loseling, I offered Vajravidaran  jenang  to the assembly of Sangha and public of the settlement. In the evening, at the request of Loseling Dratsang, I offered explanatory instructions on the Seven Points Of Mind Training. 
 	
 	The next day Loseling Dratsang performed ritual of Victory Over The Lord Of Death for Kyabje Trichen Ling Dorjechang and myself together in connection with Guru Puja  Ganachakra. 

 	At the wishes of both Ganden Shartse and Jangtse Dratsangs, in the main prayer hall, starting on the twentieth for three days, for over a thousand aspirants, principally Sangha of Ganden and Drepung as well as Sangha who had come from Sera Monastery and so forth, I extensively gave great initiations with preparatory day of Nagarjuna system Akshobyavajra Guyhasamaja and Thirteen Deity Vajra Bhairava. 
 	
 	185

 	On the morning of the twenty-third, in the main assembly hall, sponsored by the Governing Council of Ganden, the general Sangha performed the Sutra system long-life ritual for Kyabje Trichen Rinpoche and I together, raining us with blessings of the Sangha’s indestructible aspirations. 
 	
 	In the evening Tri Rinpoche and I, the abbots of Ganden Shartse and Jangtse, lamas, tulkus, and geshes together with the ritual monks, performed ritual with chanting to consecrate the main assembly hall and its holy objects, strewing the flowers of extraordinary stability. 
 	
 	On the fifth, as requested by the Chatreng Sönam retreatant Lozang Tharchin, for the sake of roots of virtue of the deceased Lozang Bumkyi, I offered extensive Four Initiation Blessing of Vajrayogini Sindhura Mandala  to the entire assembly that had been present for the Vajrabhairava and Guyhasamaja initiations. 
 	
 	The next day, requested by Chatreng Apo Zöpa Togme as roots of virtue for the deceased Gelong Yeshe Gyältsän, I conferred jenang  of the Vertically Arranged Medicine Buddhas222 and Je Tse Tzinma (Long-Life Je Tsongkhapa) initiation for a large gathering of the lay and ordained public. 
 	
 	On the first of the twelfth month, the Ganden Cultural Welfare Society held a grand meeting to award the respective lharampa or ngagrampa titles to Kyabje Yongzin Tri Ling Rinpoche, myself, and all of those of old and new schools who had taken lharampa geshe examinations and tantric examinations, either previously in Tibet or later in India. In the main hall of Ganden Monastery, there assembled the three monastic seats, abbots of the tantric colleges, and all of the Sangha. With Samdong Tulku presiding over the meeting, the Namgyäl Dratsang abbot delivered an introductory speech in connection with which he awarded Tri Rinpoche and I our Geshe documents, gold medals and khataks. The geshes received their geshe documents, flower garlands and silk khataks. 

 	Following that, Tri Rinpoche and I were seated on thrones, and the general assembly, the people of the Mundgod camp and others made auspicious offerings and, with recitation of auspicious words of truth, the proceeding were brought to a close. 
 	
 	On the third, in the main assembly hall of Ganden, the Ganden Cultural Welfare society offered to Kyabje Yongzin Tri Rinpoche and I the Sutra system long-life ritual, strewing flowers with auspicious words of truth for unconquerable long life. 
 	
 	On the morning of the eighth, at the urging of Gomang Dratsang, Kyabje Yongzin Tri Rinpoche and I, together with the public Sangha, performed consecration of the assembly hall and blessed objects, with the strewing of flowers of extraordinary stability. In the evening the Mundgod settlement Drama Society came to Tri Rinpoche and I to ask if it would be permissible for them to offer us the performance of an opera. At their insistence, we agreed and later on, in front of His Holiness’s palace on the lawn we watched their performance for about two hours of an opera extracted from the stories of the Dharma King Norzang. We made congratulatory gifts to the performers as well. For me the opera was, to quote the Jataka tales, 

       Alas, worldly beings are transitory, 
 	They neither remain, nor are they happy. 
 	Even this glorious kumuda flower 
 	Will become nothing but a memory! 
 	
 	I found myself remembering and uttering these words. Not only at this time, but when I had previously lived at the Norbulingka in Lhasa, bearing the titles of Tutor [of the Dalai Lama] and Tsänzhab–Discussion Partner [of the Dalai Lama], when I had to attend the cultural programs of the Lhasa Summer Opera Festival for four days, I also kept remembering those lines from the Jatakas; it kept me from becoming overly stimulated by the performance. 
 	
222 sman bla, literally, Medicine Gurus. 
 	
 	186

 	When Shartse and Jangtse Dratsangs had their abhidharma exchange for two days, I went to observe. The debate was primarily on permutations of mu zhi (the four possibilities)223, in Abhidharma. Because it had been so many years since my geshe examination, to remember the topics of abhidharma was, as Shantideva says in The Bodhisattva’s Way of Life,
 
        I’ve studied, contemplated and meditated, yet, 
 	Like water in a leaky vase, 
 	It does not stay in my memory! 
 	
 	As he says, forgetfulness had taken away most of my memory of the subject, and I did not discriminate between lines of reasoning. I made symbolic gifts to each of the new novices of both colleges depending on how much of Abhisamayalankara, Madyamakavatara, or both, they had already memorized, and I urged them to persevere in their studies. 
 	
 	On the fifteenth, I gave middling and novice ordinations to about fifty young monks of both Shartse and Jangtse colleges including Ganden Jangtse Para Tulku. 
 	
 	On the twenty-eighth in the morning I left Mundgod by car as far as Belgam and then took a flight to Delhi with a stop in Bomdilla, and went to the Mongolian Lama’s residence. 
 	
 	I turned 75. The 11th of February 1975 of the western calendar was New Year’s day of the Tibetan year of the wood hare. 

 	I celebrated the mere basics of New Year’s ceremonies just so as not to omit any part for auspiciousness, and officers of the Tibetan Government in Delhi and the Tibetan Museum came to see me for auspicious New Year’s Day visits. 

 	I left Delhi on the evening of the sixth and arrived back at my room in Dharamsala. The next day I went to bow at the lotus feet of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and he bestowed upon me the relief of hearing his voice, laughing with the thousand-fold white light of a smiling moon. 

 	On the third of the second month, the all-pervasive lord Yongzin Trichen [Ling] Dorjechang came from Bodhgaya to Dharamsala and honored my residence with a visit. We exchanged offering of auspicious khataks to celebrate the New Year and had a relaxed meeting.
 
 	On the fourth, as requested by Pasang Lhamo-la for the sake of roots of virtue of her deceased patron Karma Wangchug, in the Tegchen Chöling Temple in upper Dharamsala, I gave the Ghandapa system Five-Deity Heruka Chakrasamvara intitiation preliminary day, and the following day I gave the actual intiation. The attendees consisted of about six hundred and fifty male and female aspirants including abbots, lamas, tulkus, and geshes of the three monstic seats, tantric colleges, and Tashi Lhunpo, renounced retreatants, Sangha who were native residents as well as those gathered from elsewhere. The day after that, for five hundred and sixty of those attendees who took the commitment to recite the Heruka Yoga Of The Three Purifications daily without fail, I gave the great initiation of Ghandapa system [Heruka] Body Mandala Initiation. 
 	
 	For twelve days starting on the eighth for a large gathering in the upper floor of the Ganchen Kyishong Library, for a hundred and eighty-three people who took the commitment to recite the extensive Body Mandala sadhana daily without break, I gave an experiential commentary on the generation and completion stage practices of Heruka body mandala. At the conclusion, I offered a commentary on how to extend longevity in reliance upon vajra recitation joining of the energy-winds in Long-Life White Heruka practice. As Panchen Lozang Chökyi Gyältsän put it, Instructing others in practices that I lack myself, 
 	I am embarrassed before those with eyes of wisdom. 
 	Yet is said that it is meaningful even to just 
 	Recite the words of the teachings of the Sugatas! 
 	As it is praised by the peerless Founder… 
 	
223 Study of the four possibilities is a study of the relationship between pairs of phenomena, ie. A and B, to see if it is possible for something to be A and not B, B and not A, both A and B, and neither A nor B. In the case of various pairs of phenomena, it is possible that anywhere from one to four of these possibilities exist. 
 	
 	187

 	Similarly, like the shravaka who proclaims what he has heard, by uttering the ambrosial words of my lord, kind father Guru, the pure purpose was accomplished. 
 	
 	Furthermore, as said in [Aryadeva’s] Four Hundred Verses on Madyamaka, 
        If someone becomes crazy 
 	From a lack of mental stability, 
 	What wise person would say 
 	That this samsara is not insane? 
 	
 	Thus, while aware, myself, that I do not have the slightest qualities of learning and mastery to be worthy of being a guru to others, there are many from all stratas of society for whom this old brass of myself appeared to be gold and because of their praise and veneration of me, my mind would not abide in reality and remained deceived, like someone insane. During these ‘end times’ when ‘anything goes’ in ‘acting’ as a lama, it is as the Omniscient Longchenpa has said, 

        Not recognizing gatherings of many different people 
 	To be the deceptive, noisy clamor of mara, 
 	While thinking one has helped others by teaching them Dharma; 
        I doubt it will work with that kind of lifestyle! 
 	
 	And as the Kadampa Geshe Shapo Gangpa said, 
 	
 	Wishing to be others’ master, 
 	While lacking my own realization, is extremely wrong; 
 	My own lower attitudes are in no way the lofty Dharma! 
 	
 	Likewise, not being beyond karma, my life has been only that of an ordinary human being spent in an illusory play that accorded with neither Dharma nor the worldly and is not worthy of recording like the biographies of other holy beings that engender faith and wonder when you see them. 

 	Still, I wrote this to fulfill the wishes of all those who, both earlier and later on, urged me to write down my autobiography, and especially Dragyab Chetsang Chogtrul Rinpoche who, when I saw him, said that I must complete it as soon as possible because he wanted to publish it and translate it into English. Furthermore, when others have spoken about my life, it has often been non-definitive stories that included untrue exaggeration or minimization based on rumors and hearsay and the individual speakers’ own whims. Therefore, I did not think it inappropriate for me to freely and naturally set down, for those whose lot is similar to my own, the unfabricated story of my life, with all of its fluctuations of good and bad karma in the deceptive ocean of this life’s appearances. 

 	After leaving the unbearable circumstances of Lhasa in 1959, I have no sources for the account other than my own clear memories and the copious notes taken by Palden; therefore, because of having forgotten a lot, I could not relate it in great detail. Since arriving in India, a lot of time has also been busily wasted in continuous hustle and bustle. Therefore considering this to have reached an appropriate length, I named Lozang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, in the line of incarnations of the Ganden Tripa Jangchub Chöpel, at the age of seventy-five, have set down my story up to the second month of the Tibetan year of the wood hare, the year 1975 of the western calendar. Thus, indeed, that many beads of the mala of life have already passed, still, as the Tibetan master Mipam Geleg said, 
 	
 	Karmic formations are like the play of a movie, 
 	Happiness and suffering, like the wheel of a chariot, 
 	I know this is the nature of samsaric appearances, 
 	
 	188
 	
 	Yet inflexible karma is my lot! 
 	
 	Thus, we can directly hear and see for ourselves that all karmic formations are impermanent and disintegrating, and that all samsaric places, bodies, and enjoyments are of a nature of suffering, as is stated in the scriptures. However, the deceptive play of this spoiled stubborn old mind that is under the sway of grasping things to be permanent and truly existent caused me to engage only in actions that steal the life out of the path of liberation, and any intelligence that would motivate me for the world beyond has remained without the slightest improvement. I believe that it has just been my lot to experience the spread of powerful imprints for previous habituation to negative deeds. 
 	
In the unexamined illusory city of joy
Are thousands of illusory plays of the eight worldly dharmas,
Amazing spectacles, racing on without leisure, like lightning,
To view it, the grandfather wonders, is it Brahma’s emanation?
 	
 	May virtue and goodness flourish! 

 	

 	
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